Increase of Dwarf Mistletoe Infections on Young Lodgepole Pine

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-416
Author(s):  
John A. Muir
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Rate Base

Field studies in southern Alberta revealed a rapid increase in the incidence of dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobiumamericanum Nutt. ex Engelm.) in young lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.). In 10 areas of infected trees, the number of infections increased exponentially at a mean rate (base 10 logarithm) of 0.24 per year (range: 0.19–0.29 among areas). Differences in rates of increase among areas were not significant.

scholarly journals Effects of Lodgepole Pine Dwarf Mistletoe, Arceuthobium americanum, on Jack Pine, Pinus banksiana, Growth in Manitoba

2004 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brock Epp ◽  
Jacques C. Tardif
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Arceuthobium Americanum ◽  
Pine Trees

The Lodgepole Pine Dwarf Mistletoe (Arceuthobium americanum Nutt. ex Engelm.) is an important pathogen of Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.). Dwarf Mistletoe alters tree form, suppresses growth, and reduces volume and overall wood quality of its host. Stem analysis and a 3-parameter logistic regression model were used to compare the growth of heavily and lightly to non infected Jack Pine trees. At the time of sampling, no significant reduction in diameter at breast height and basal area were observed in heavily infected trees. However, a significant reduction in height and volume and an increase in taper were observed in heavily infected trees. Growth models predicted a 21.1% lower basal area, 23.4% lower height and 42.1% lower volume by age 60 for the high infection group.

scholarly journals Aerial Applications of Ethylene-Releasing Chemicals Fail to Promote Abscission of Dwarf Mistletoe Aerial Shoots on Jack Pine

1989 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
F. A. Baker ◽  
K. Knowles ◽  
T. R. Meyer ◽  
D. W. French
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Aerial Application ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe

The ethylene-releasing chemical Cerone was applied in early August to two strands of jack pine infested with the lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe in northwestern Manitoba. Nine weeks after aerial application, Cerone failed to cause appreciable abscission of dwarf mistletoe aerial shoots, while almost 90% of the aerial shoots on branches treated from the ground had abscised. Ground application of Cerone could reduce spread of dwarf mistletoe by limiting seed production. Key Words: Arceuthobium, jack pine, chemical control

Fires and dwarf mistletoe in a Rocky Mountain lodgepole pine ecosystem

1998 ◽  
Vol 108 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt F Kipfmueller ◽  
William L Baker
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe

Field evaluation of ecological differentiation of dwarf mistletoe on shore pine and western hemlock

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Smith ◽  
E. F. Wass
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Varied Composition ◽  
Coastal British Columbia ◽  
Ecological Races ◽  
Shore Pine

Hemloclc dwarf mistletoe (Arcenthobiiuntsugense (Rosend.) G. N. Jones) principally infects western hemlock (Tsugaheteropliylla (Raf.) Sarg.), but it is also damaging to shore pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. ex Loud.) growing in coastal British Columbia. Stands of varied composition were studied in the Home Lake area of Vancouver Island to compare the levels of infection in shore pine and western hemlock. Infection of shore pine occurred whether or not infected hemlock trees were present in the stand. Observations and measurements from these field studies support indications from earlier artificial inoculation trials that two ecological races of A. tsugense exist.

The effect of dwarf mistletoe on starch concentrations in the twigs and needles of lodgepole pine

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 658-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy E. Broshot ◽  
Robert O. Tinnin
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Starch Concentration ◽  
Study Sites

The effect of Arceuthobiumamericanum on starch concentrations in the needles and twigs of Pinuscontorta was analyzed at two study sites. We found that the starch concentration of needles from systemically infected branches was significantly higher than that of those from locally infected branches and that the concentration in needles from locally infected branches was significantly higher than that of those from uninfected branches. We also found that the starch concentration of twigs from locally infected branches was significantly higher than that of twigs from uninfected branches. Our results collectively suggest a trend in starch concentrations form 1% of dry mass or less in needles from uninfected branches to 1–2% in needles from branches with local infections to greater than 2% in needles from systemically infected branches.

Vegetative and floral development in the pistillate plant of Arceuthobium americanum (lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe): an environmental scanning electron microscopy study of its phenology and shoot organization

Botany ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-346
Author(s):  
Dylan J. Ziegler ◽  
Cynthia Ross Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Arceuthobium Americanum ◽  
Female Flowers ◽  
Scanning Electron

Dwarf mistletoes (DM), genus Arceuthobium, are dioecious parasitic flowering plants having prolonged life cycles lasting six years, culminating with explosive discharge of the single seed from the fruit. Arceuthobium americanum Nutt. ex Engelm., the lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe, infects lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta subsp. latifolia (Engelm.) Critchfield) in western North America, compromising the forest economy. Highly reduced flowers appear no later than two years following shoot development, with female flowers appearing and persisting for over two years. Development of the pistillate plant, including initiation of floral growth, has not been fully explored. Here, we used environmental scanning electron microscopy to demark phenological waypoints throughout the pistillate plant’s development. As successive crops of female flowers emerged every year, up to three generations of flowers/fruit could be found on a single shoot in late summer; we used these three generations to delineate specific developmental stages. Vegetative shoots could initiate growth at any time within the growing season, could assume a terminal position, could also adopt sympodial branching, but were never whorled or adventitious. Floral branches, however, could initiate adventitiously from older nodes in a whorled pattern, and could house flowers/fruits of any generation. Vegetative and floral units were structurally homogeneous, suggesting shared developmental pathways.

The effects of dwarf mistletoe, witches' brooms, stand structure, and site characteristics on the crown architecture of lodgepole pine in Oregon

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1360-1371 ◽  
Author(s):  
R C Godfree ◽  
R O Tinnin ◽  
R B Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Site Characteristics ◽  
Crown Dimensions

We investigated the importance of lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium americanum Nutt.) in determining the height to crown top (HCT), height to crown base (HCB), and live crown ratio (LCR) of 2025 lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm.) growing over a 24-km2 study site in central Oregon. We compared the effects of infection and associated witches' brooms with those of site topography, soil type, shrub cover, stand density, and the abundance of mature ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. Laws. & C. Laws). using multiple regression and path analysis. The density of dominant-size P. contorta was consistently the most important factor influencing HCT, HCB, and LCR across the study site. In dense stands, trees tended to have elevated crown bases due to self-pruning and, hence, lower values of LCR. Dwarf mistletoe and related witches' brooms uniquely explained 6.9% of the variance in LCR, which was close to that of dominant P. contorta (7.1%) and more than that of soil type (3.0%), but explained only 2.6% of the variance in HCB, which was less than that of dominant P. contorta (6.5%) and soil type (4.6%). Regression models suggest that heavily infected trees should be 18% shorter and have crown bases 37% lower than uninfected trees, while moderately infected trees should have an LCR over 20% larger than that of uninfected and heavily infected trees. We also found that the largest 25 heavily infected trees sampled were approximately 19% shorter and 11–13% smaller in diameter than the largest 25 uninfected trees. The results suggest that dwarf mistletoe can be an important factor in determining the crown dimensions of P. contorta but that these effects may be interpreted only in the context of site characteristics and stand structure.

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