The effect of dwarf mistletoe on starch concentrations in the twigs and needles of lodgepole pine

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 658-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy E. Broshot ◽  
Robert O. Tinnin
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Starch Concentration ◽  
Study Sites

The effect of Arceuthobiumamericanum on starch concentrations in the needles and twigs of Pinuscontorta was analyzed at two study sites. We found that the starch concentration of needles from systemically infected branches was significantly higher than that of those from locally infected branches and that the concentration in needles from locally infected branches was significantly higher than that of those from uninfected branches. We also found that the starch concentration of twigs from locally infected branches was significantly higher than that of twigs from uninfected branches. Our results collectively suggest a trend in starch concentrations form 1% of dry mass or less in needles from uninfected branches to 1–2% in needles from branches with local infections to greater than 2% in needles from systemically infected branches.

scholarly journals Effects of Lodgepole Pine Dwarf Mistletoe, Arceuthobium americanum, on Jack Pine, Pinus banksiana, Growth in Manitoba

2004 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brock Epp ◽  
Jacques C. Tardif
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Arceuthobium Americanum ◽  
Pine Trees

The Lodgepole Pine Dwarf Mistletoe (Arceuthobium americanum Nutt. ex Engelm.) is an important pathogen of Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.). Dwarf Mistletoe alters tree form, suppresses growth, and reduces volume and overall wood quality of its host. Stem analysis and a 3-parameter logistic regression model were used to compare the growth of heavily and lightly to non infected Jack Pine trees. At the time of sampling, no significant reduction in diameter at breast height and basal area were observed in heavily infected trees. However, a significant reduction in height and volume and an increase in taper were observed in heavily infected trees. Growth models predicted a 21.1% lower basal area, 23.4% lower height and 42.1% lower volume by age 60 for the high infection group.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Conifers to Three Dwarf Mistletoes in the Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Mathiasen
Keyword(s):  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Mixed Conifer ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Susceptibility Data ◽  
Mixed Conifer Forests ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Siskiyou Mountains ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Live Tree

Abstract Dwarf mistletoes (Arceuthobium spp., Viscaceae) are parasitic flowering plants that infect members of the Pinaceae family in the western United States. This article reports additional host susceptibility data for three dwarf mistletoes found in the Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains of southwestern Oregon and northwestern California. Three mixed conifer stands, each infested with either mountain hemlock dwarf mistletoe, western white pine dwarf mistletoe, or Wiens' dwarf mistletoe (nine stands total) were sampled to evaluate the susceptibility of conifers to these parasites. At each of the study sites, 10–20 temporary circular plots with a 6-m radius (0.012 ha) were established around large, severely infected trees. Within plots, species, dbh, and dwarf mistletoe rating (six-class system) were determined for each live tree. On the basis of the incidence of infection, conifers were assigned to host susceptibility classes. Western white pine and mountain hemlock were principal hosts of western white pine and mountain hemlock dwarf mistletoes, respectively. Brewer spruce and red fir were principal hosts of Wiens' dwarf mistletoe. Other conifers sampled were less susceptible to these mistletoes. This information can be used by forest managers to mitigate the damage associated with infestations of these dwarf mistletoes in mixed conifer forests of the Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains.

scholarly journals Environmental Impact On Morphological and Anatomical Structure of Ricinus communis L. Leaves Growing in Kathmandu, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-278
Author(s):  
Belai Meeta Singh Suwal ◽  
Ratna Silwal Gautam ◽  
Dikshya Manandhar
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Ricinus Communis L ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass ◽  
Polluted Sites ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
The Impact

The current study was done to examine the impact of environmental pollution on morphology and anatomy of leaf of Ricinus communis L. of Kathmandu. The comparative study was done between the plants of high polluted sites i.e Ringroad sides and less polluted sites i.e Raniban forest of Kathmandu. The plants from both sites showed visible morphological and anatomical changes in leaves. These both study sites were found with similar soil factors and climatic factors. Reductions in some morphological and anatomical features were observed in leaves growing in highly polluted site. Reduction in leaf area, petiole length, thickness of palisade layer and thickness of spongy parenchyma was noticed in the leaves from highly polluted sites of Kathmandu. Other morphological and anatomical features such as leaf dry mass content, stomata frequency, thickness of cuticle and size of epidermal cells were noticed to be increased in leaves from highly polluted sites. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 7(2): 274-278  

scholarly journals Aerial Applications of Ethylene-Releasing Chemicals Fail to Promote Abscission of Dwarf Mistletoe Aerial Shoots on Jack Pine

1989 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
F. A. Baker ◽  
K. Knowles ◽  
T. R. Meyer ◽  
D. W. French
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Aerial Application ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe

The ethylene-releasing chemical Cerone was applied in early August to two strands of jack pine infested with the lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe in northwestern Manitoba. Nine weeks after aerial application, Cerone failed to cause appreciable abscission of dwarf mistletoe aerial shoots, while almost 90% of the aerial shoots on branches treated from the ground had abscised. Ground application of Cerone could reduce spread of dwarf mistletoe by limiting seed production. Key Words: Arceuthobium, jack pine, chemical control

Increase of Dwarf Mistletoe Infections on Young Lodgepole Pine

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-416
Author(s):  
John A. Muir
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Rate Base

Field studies in southern Alberta revealed a rapid increase in the incidence of dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobiumamericanum Nutt. ex Engelm.) in young lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.). In 10 areas of infected trees, the number of infections increased exponentially at a mean rate (base 10 logarithm) of 0.24 per year (range: 0.19–0.29 among areas). Differences in rates of increase among areas were not significant.

Fires and dwarf mistletoe in a Rocky Mountain lodgepole pine ecosystem

1998 ◽  
Vol 108 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt F Kipfmueller ◽  
William L Baker
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe

Ectomycorrhizas of regenerating stands of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta)

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
S M Bradbury ◽  
R M Danielson ◽  
S Visser
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Fruit Body ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Cenococcum Geophilum ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Study Sites

The ectomycorrhizal community associated with regenerating lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Loud.) after clear-cutting in southwestern Alberta was investigated in 6-, 10-, and 19-year-old cut blocks and their adjacent 90-year-old undisturbed control stands. Twenty different mycorrhizal taxa were found in the 90-year-old undisturbed stands. Of these 20, 13 mycorrhizal taxa were found in the 6-year-old cut blocks, and 15 mycorrhizal taxa were found in both the 10- and 19-year-old cut blocks. The most common associate of all stand ages was Mycelium radicis atrovirens Melin (MRA), which overall colonized 29% (weighted average) of the root tips. Species or groups accounting for greater than 10% of the mycorrhizas in one or more age classes included Piloderma fallax (Karst.) Jül. (15% overall), Piloderma byssinum (Karst.) Jül. (11%), Cenococcum geophilum L. (8%), Russula-like (8%), Suillus brevipes (Pk.) Kuntze (5%), Suillus tomentosus (Kauff.) Sing., Snell & Dick (5%), and Lactarius deliciosus (L.:Fr.) S.F. Gray (2%). Although several mycorrhizal fungi exhibited significant differences in percent relative abundance of root tips colonized, when comparing cut blocks to their controls, there was no evidence to suggest that the suite of mycorrhizal fungi colonizing roots of young lodgepole pine trees was replaced by a different suite of mycorrhizal fungi in mature stands. Extensive fruit body collections, totalling 43 species of ectomycorrhizal fungi, throughout the study sites support this contention.Key words: Pinus contorta ectomycorrhizas, clear-cutting, second-rotation forests, succession.

Vegetative and floral development in the pistillate plant of Arceuthobium americanum (lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe): an environmental scanning electron microscopy study of its phenology and shoot organization

Botany ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-346
Author(s):  
Dylan J. Ziegler ◽  
Cynthia Ross Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Arceuthobium Americanum ◽  
Female Flowers ◽  
Scanning Electron

Dwarf mistletoes (DM), genus Arceuthobium, are dioecious parasitic flowering plants having prolonged life cycles lasting six years, culminating with explosive discharge of the single seed from the fruit. Arceuthobium americanum Nutt. ex Engelm., the lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe, infects lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta subsp. latifolia (Engelm.) Critchfield) in western North America, compromising the forest economy. Highly reduced flowers appear no later than two years following shoot development, with female flowers appearing and persisting for over two years. Development of the pistillate plant, including initiation of floral growth, has not been fully explored. Here, we used environmental scanning electron microscopy to demark phenological waypoints throughout the pistillate plant’s development. As successive crops of female flowers emerged every year, up to three generations of flowers/fruit could be found on a single shoot in late summer; we used these three generations to delineate specific developmental stages. Vegetative shoots could initiate growth at any time within the growing season, could assume a terminal position, could also adopt sympodial branching, but were never whorled or adventitious. Floral branches, however, could initiate adventitiously from older nodes in a whorled pattern, and could house flowers/fruits of any generation. Vegetative and floral units were structurally homogeneous, suggesting shared developmental pathways.

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