Corrigendum: Sapflow and water use of freshwater wetland trees exposed to saltwater incursion in a tidally influenced South Carolina watershed

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 660-660
Author(s):  
Ken W. Krauss ◽  
Jamie A. Duberstein
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Freshwater Wetland

Sapflow and water use of freshwater wetland trees exposed to saltwater incursion in a tidally influenced South Carolina watershed

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken W. Krauss ◽  
Jamie A. Duberstein
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Forested Wetlands ◽  
Site Effect ◽  
Freshwater Wetland ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Osmotic Balance ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
A Site

Sea-level rise and anthropogenic activity promote salinity incursion into many tidal freshwater forested wetlands. Interestingly, individual trees can persist for decades after salt impact. To understand why, we documented sapflow (Js), reduction in Jswith sapwood depth, and water use (F) of baldcypress ( Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.) trees undergoing exposure to salinity. The mean Jsof individual trees was reduced by 2.8 g H2O·m–2·s–1(or by 18%) in the outer sapwood on a saline site versus a freshwater site; however, the smallest trees, present only on the saline site, also registered the lowest Js. Hence, tree size significantly influenced the overall site effect on Js. Trees undergoing perennial exposure to salt used greater relative amounts of water in outer sapwood than in inner sapwood depths, which identifies a potentially different strategy for baldcypress trees coping with saline site conditions over decades. Overall, individual trees used 100 kg H2O·day–1on a site that remained relatively fresh versus 23.9 kg H2O·day–1on the saline site. We surmise that perennial salinization of coastal freshwater forests forces shifts in individual-tree osmotic balance and water-use strategy to extend survival time on suboptimal sites, which further influences growth and morphology.

Examination of the potential to reduce water application rates in pine wet decks

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 672-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
HEATH RAYBON ◽  
LAURENCE SCHIMLECK ◽  
KIM LOVE-MYERS ◽  
FINTO ANTONY ◽  
JOE SANDERS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Wet Storage ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Do So

Wet storage of logs under sprinklers is a common method for maintaining log quality and consistent fiber supply to wood production facilities. Because of increased concerns regarding water use, mills in the southeastern United States are interested in refining water application strategies. To do so, we need to examine how log moisture varies with time and in response to differing water application rates. We used time domain reflectometry (TDR) to examine variation in log moisture of southern pine logs in response to nominal water application (100 mm/day) and a 30% reduction in water use at two woodyards (Santee in South Carolina and Dry Creek in Alabama) over a 15-month period. Initially significant differences between treatments were observed, but differences only existed for a short period, indicating that a 30% reduction in the amount of water applied results in little change in log moisture or quality.

scholarly journals Differences in Biomass Production and Water Use Efficiency among Seven Different Cover Crops in the Wet Winter Seasons of 2016/17 and 2018 in South Carolina

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 463
Author(s):  
Ricardo St Aime ◽  
Geoffrey W. Zehnder ◽  
Christopher Talley ◽  
Sruthi Narayanan
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Species Mixture ◽  
Use Efficiency

Cover crops can protect soil health and increase climate resilience of crop production systems. Agronomic crop producers in the southern USA often demand information on the best cover crops for their locality and cropping system and on the potential impacts of cover crops on stored soil water. The present research evaluated biomass production and water use efficiency (WUE) of single species and multispecies winter cover crops in South Carolina. Overall, a five-species mixture of Austrian winter pea, rye, crimson clover, hairy vetch, and oats and a single species of rye had the greatest biomass production (4600–6480 kg ha−1) at the end of the season (19 April 2017 in season-1 and 10 May 2018 in season-2). The five-species mixture also had the greatest WUE (2184–2232 g m−3). None of the cover crops depleted soil water (in 60 cm depth) greater than a weed-free fallow maintained through herbicide application and a weedy fallow (no herbicide application). Since both the seasons, in which the present study was conducted, received greater than normal rainfall, further studies should verify the applicability of the results in dry years.

scholarly journals Water Users’ Perspectives: Summary of Withdrawal Survey Responses and Commentary

2018 ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Alex Pellett ◽  
Thomas Walker
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Qualitative Review ◽  
Water Users ◽  
State Water ◽  
Current Water ◽  
Survey Responses

The state of South Carolina is currently in a multiyear process of updating the State Water Plan, and water demand projections are an important component of that work. Predictions of water demand are inherently uncertain, but perhaps they can benefit from input by a diverse and robust sample of water users. A brief survey regarding water use was distributed to 780 permitted and registered water users in the state, including all water suppliers, industries, and irrigators withdrawing more than 3 million gallons in a month or more than 100,000 gallons in a day. There are 316 responses to 10 quantitative survey items that are summarized, presented, and discussed. Results indicate that most respondents plan to maintain their current levels of water use, consider their withdrawal reports to be accurate within 10%, and believe their current water supplies to be critical to their enterprise. A qualitative review of comments noted on survey responses includes a variety of potential drivers of water demand. The results motivate a discussion of recommendations for future research.

Tidal nitrogen exchanges across a freshwater wetland succession gradient in the upper Cooper River, South Carolina

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 989-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. N. McKellar ◽  
D. L. Tufford ◽  
M. C. Alford ◽  
P. Saroprayogi ◽  
B. J. Kelley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Freshwater Wetland ◽  
Wetland Succession

Balancing Fisheries Management and Water Uses for Impounded River Systems

2008 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Regulated River ◽  
Electric Power Plants ◽  
Water Uses ◽  
Operating Regimes ◽  
Hydrologic Conditions

<em>Abstract</em>.—The Catawba-Wateree river basin is a highly regulated system in North Carolina and South Carolina that includes 11 main-stem reservoirs and four regulated riverine reaches. The reservoirs support typical southeastern U.S. warmwater fisheries, while the riverine reaches support a variety of species, including trout and several diadromous fishs. The reservoirs and regulated river reaches provide multiple uses, including hydroelectric generation, drinking water, cooling water for electric power plants, recreation, and residential development. As part of the relicensing process for the hydroelectric developments, many stakeholders were convened to study and negotiate a comprehensive relicensing agreement. A computer model was used to assess the combined effects of various operating regimes, water-use amounts, and hydrologic conditions on reservoir levels, river flows, and hydroelectric generation. The model used projections of the effects of increased population growth, water use, and reservoir sedimentation for a period 50 years into the future. Model outputs were postprocessed to further understand the impacts to aquatic habitat, recreation, aesthetics, hydropower generation, and water supply. Although future demand for water resources exceeded the available supply under some conditions, an acceptable balance was reached after extensive negotiation. The objectives of this paper are to describe how the relicensing process was used to arrive at a balanced management plan for water and other resources in a large basin, describe some of the tools used to assist the decision-making process, and to list some important lessons that can assist others in designing a framework for other water allocation efforts.

Haloform formation in coastal wetlands along a salinity gradient at South Carolina, United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Jian Wang ◽  
Yi Jiao ◽  
Robert C. Rhew ◽  
Alex T. Chow
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Coastal Wetlands ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Freshwater Wetland ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Soil And Water

Environmental contextNatural haloform emissions contribute to stratospheric ozone depletion but there are major unknown or underestimated sources of these gases. This study demonstrates that soil and water at tidal wetlands are important haloform sources, and emissions peak at the forest–marsh transition zone. The low-lying forested wetlands of the south-eastern United States that are facing sea-level rise and seawater intrusion may become hotspots for haloform emission. AbstractSoil haloform emissions are sources of reactive halogens that catalytically deplete ozone in the stratosphere but there are still unknown or underestimated haloform sources. The >200000ha of low-lying tidal freshwater swamps (forests and marshes) in the south-eastern United States could be haloform (CHX3, X=Cl or Br) sources because sea-level rise and saltwater intrusion bring halides inland where they mix with terrestrial humic substances. To evaluate the spatial variation along the common forest–marsh salinity gradient (freshwater wetland, oligohaline wetland and mesohaline saltmarsh), we measured chloroform emissions from in situ chambers and from laboratory incubations of soil and water samples collected from Winyah Bay, South Carolina. The in situ and soil-core haloform emissions were both highest in the oligohaline wetland, whereas the aqueous production was highest in mesohaline saltmarsh. The predominant source shifted from sediment emission to water emission from freshwater wetland to mesohaline saltmarsh. Spreading out soil samples increased soil haloform emission, suggesting that soil pores can trap high amounts of CHCl3. Soil sterilisation did not suppress CHCl3 emission, indicating the important contribution of abiotic soil CHCl3 formation. Surface wetland water samples from eight locations along a salinity gradient with different management practices (natural v. managed) were subjected to radical-based halogenation by Fenton-like reagents. Halide availability, organic matter source, temperature and light irradiation were all found to affect the radical-based abiotic haloform formation from surface water. This study clearly indicates that soil and water from the studied coastal wetlands are both haloform sources, which however appear to have different formation mechanisms.

Small gradients in salinity have large effects on stand water use in freshwater wetland forests

2020 ◽  
Vol 473 ◽  
pp. 118308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie A. Duberstein ◽  
Ken W. Krauss ◽  
Michael J. Baldwin ◽  
Scott T. Allen ◽  
William H. Conner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Freshwater Wetland ◽  
Wetland Forests
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