Evaluation of Water Quality Impact Caused by Common Hazardous Waste Landfill Facility in Gummidipoondi, Tamilnadu- India

The aim of the study was to evaluate the water quality impact caused due to the operations of common hazardous waste landfill facility (CHWLF) in Gummidipoondi industrial estate, Tiruvallur district, Tamilnadu, India. The watershed area of the hazardous waste landfill facility was delineated using Arc-GIS tools and prediction of ground water flow direction was carried out using three-dimensional ground water flow model using VISUAL MODFLOW software. The water quality analysis was performed in the upstream and downstream directions of the project site and the results showed that all the tested parameters were within the BIS 10500:2012 drinking water limits, except pH which showed slightly acidic characteristics in certain locations. The tested water samples mostly belonged to the Ca + Mg-HCO3’ type as classified using the multivariate analysis method using piper diagram. Co-relation between the water quality parameters were determined using statistical analysis of Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) values.

Simulation of the ground water flow in Karbala Governorate, Iraq

The investigation region is found in the central part of Iraq within the of Karbala Governorate, where it is located in the western part of the Governorate and Lake Razaza in the north of the region, while in the western and southern part of the region is Anbar Governorate and geographically (43° 10′ 25.7″, 43° 39″ 0.3″) longitude and (32° 10′ 25.7″, 32° 36′ 25.7″) latitude. The area of study is about 2400 Km2. The groundwater modeling system (GMS) v10.3 program was used for the modeling of ground water in the area containing about 22 wells distributed throughout the study area and the discharge of these wells ranges from 7 to 100 l/s and the rate of discharge of these wells up to 36 l/s. The model was initially operated within a steady state and after obtaining a match between the models results with the initial values of groundwater levels, the results of this case were adopted as inputs to run the model within the unsteady state. The model was worked within the sight of the above wells for 3 years and the results of the operation indicate a decrease in groundwater levels ranging from 2 to 21 m distributed uniformly throughout the study area.

Water Provenance at the Old River Bed Inland Delta and Ground Water Flow from the Sevier Basin of Central Utah during the Pleistocene-Holocene Transition

To ascertain the provenance of water reaching wetlands in an area sustaining a population of Pleistocene–Holocene foragers, 87-strontium/86-strontium isotopic ratios (87Sr/86Sr) of mollusks from channels of the Old River Bed inland delta of central Utah were measured. Potential provenances examined included overflow from Pleistocene–Holocene Lake Gunnison, ground water flow from the Sevier basin, ground water discharge from piedmont aquifers infiltrated by Lake Bonneville, and ground waters from local regional aquifers. Old River Bed inland delta channels active from ~13.2 cal ka BP until ~11.2 cal ka BP have 87Sr/86Sr values of 0.70930–0.71049 that are consistent with water sourced from Lake Gunnison in the Sevier basin. Inland delta channels active from ~11.2 cal ka BP until shortly after ~9.3 cal ka BP have 87Sr/86Sr values of 0.70977–0.71033, suggesting ground water flowed from the Sevier basin during the early Holocene. Ratios of 87Sr/86Sr did not match known values for Lake Bonneville, but the youngest Old River Bed inland delta channel system has an 87Sr/86Sr ratio consistent with a local ground water source, perhaps Government Creek. Consistent ground water discharge may explain the persistence of foragers in the region despite the increasingly arid climate of the Great Basin.

A Numerical Investigation of Transient Groundwater Flows with a Phreatic Surface Along Complex Hillslopes

Most of the existing models for analyzing unconfined flows in hillslope aquifers are based on the Boussinesq (1877) equation. In the development of these models, the assumption of negligible bed-normal velocity was employed, thus restricting their application to shallow groundwater-flow situations. On the basis of a non-hydrostatic pressure approach, a ground-water-flow model that considers the effects of the vertical curvature of the flow streamlines and the three-dimensional geometry of the underlying bedrock was proposed. A dissipative two-four finite-difference scheme was utilized to discretize and solve the model equation. The applicability of the model was assessed by conducting numerical experiments on transient unconfined flows in convergent- and divergent-type hillslope aquifers with non-uniform bedrock slopes. The numerical results for the phreatic-surface profiles and outflow discharges were compared to the experimental data, and a good agreement was obtained. The results of the comparison attested that the dynamics of the hillslope drainage processes were accurately portrayed by the proposed model. This study highlights the necessity of considering the effects of the plan shape and the profile curvature of complex hillslopes in order to improve the overall performance of the computational model.