Early summer frost hardiness in Picea abies seedlings in response to photoperiod treatment

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 2966-2973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halvor Rostad ◽  
Aksel Granhus ◽  
Inger Sundheim Fløistad ◽  
Svein Morgenlie
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Frost Hardiness ◽  
Freezing Injury ◽  
Spring Frost

According to previous studies, short-day (SD) treatment may increase frost hardiness in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings during shoot elongation the next year. The purpose of this study was to examine how timing of the SD treatment affects spring frost hardiness. The following four treatments were applied in the first growth period: natural photoperiod (Nat), or SD treatment (8 h light : 16 h dark) either 14–28 July (SD1), 28 July – 11 August (SD2), or 11–20 August (SD3). After 125 days in cold storage (October–January), the seedlings were transferred to forcing conditions (20–25 °C, 24 h light) followed by freezing tests at –3, –5, –7, and –9 °C when most seedlings had reached bud break stage 7 (Krutzsch index). Seedling height measurements and analyses of carbohydrate status, nitrogen concentration, and dry mass of needles after cold storage were done to examine the treatments' impact on seedling quality. SD treatment reduced visual freezing injury to current- and first-year shoots. Mortality occurred at –7 and –9 °C and was significantly higher in the Nat and SD1 treatments (43% in both) than in the SD2 (23%) and SD3 (15%) treatments. Seedlings from the late SD treatments also showed better height growth and developed more shoots from dormant buds after freezing to –3 and –5 °C. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the importance of proper timing of the SD treatment in relation to the seedlings' natural growth rhythm.

Bud break and spring frost hardiness in Picea abies seedlings in response to photoperiod and temperature treatments

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 968-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger Sundheim Fløistad ◽  
Aksel Granhus
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Frost Hardiness ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
First Year ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Contrasting Effect

Spring frost may result in detrimental damage in newly planted Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings if their growth rhythm is not sufficiently adapted to the climatic conditions on the forest site. The aims of this study were to evaluate how bud break and spring frost hardiness were influenced by short-day (SD) treatments with different timing and different temperature regimes during bud formation. Following winter storage, frost hardiness was tested after 1, 3 and 5 weeks in forcing conditions. The SD treatment advanced bud break compared with the control seedlings. In comparison, the effects of timing and the different temperatures on bud break were small. The SD treatment improved frost hardiness in first-year needles during dehardening. The early SD treatment resulted in improved frost hardiness in first-year needles and greater root collar diameter compared with later SD treatment. To avoid a second bud flush, it is important that a critical night length is attained when the SD treatment terminates. Low temperatures following the SD treatment resulted in increased hardiness of the needles and decreased hardiness of the stems. The contrasting effect of temperature in different plant tissues demonstrates the importance of examining different tissues following freezing tests.

Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Water Contents During Grain Development and Maturation in Wheat

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 799 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Sofield ◽  
IF Wardlaw ◽  
LT Evans ◽  
SY Zee
Keyword(s):  
Grain Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Entry ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Steady Rate

Plants of five cultivars of wheat were grown under controlled-environmental conditions in order to analyse the effect of cultivar and of temperature and illuminance after anthesis on the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus by grains in relation to dry matter. The water relations of the grain during maturation were also examined, using calcium content as an index of water entry. The nitrogen and phosphorus contents of grains increased linearly throughout the grain growth period. The percentage of nitrogen and phosphorus in grains fell sharply during the first few days after anthesis but rose progressively thereafter. The higher the temperature, and the lower the illuminance, the higher was the percentage of nitrogen in the grain of all cultivars. Such conditions also reduce final grain size, but their effects on nitrogen concentration in the grain were apparent early in grain development. No evidence was found of a flush of nitrogen or phosphorus into the grain late in its development. Water entry into the grain continued at a steady rate until maximum grain dry weight was reached, then ceased suddenly. No evidence was found of an increased rate of water loss by the grain at that stage, and the rapid fall in water content at the cessation of grain growth may have been due to blockage of the chalazal zone of entry into the grain by the deposition of lipids. Accumulation of dry matter, nitrogen and phosphorus and entry of water into the grain all ceased at the time of lipid deposition in the chalazal zone.

scholarly journals Nitrogen for growth of stock plants and production of strawberry runner tips

Bragantia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djeimi Isabel Janisch ◽  
Jerônimo Luiz Andriolo ◽  
Vinícius Toso ◽  
Kamila Gabriele Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Jéssica Maronez de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Camino Real ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Crown Roots

The objective of this research was to determine growth and dry matter partitioning among organs of strawberry stock plants under five Nitrogen concentrations in the nutrient solution and its effects on emission and growth of runner tips. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions, from September 2010 to March 2011, in a soilless system with Oso Grande and Camino Real cultivars. Nitrogen concentrations of 5.12, 7.6, 10.12 (control), 12.62 and 15.12 mmol L-1 in the nutrient solution were studied in a 5x2 factorial randomised experimental design. All runner tips bearing at least one expanded leaf (patent requested) were collected weekly and counted during the growth period. The number of leaves, dry matter (DM) of leaves, crown and root, specific leaf area and leaf area index (LAI) was determined at the final harvest. Increasing N concentration in the nutrient solution from 5.12 to 15.12 mmol L-1 reduces growth of crown, roots and LAI of strawberry stock plants but did not affect emission and growth of runner tips. It was concluded that for the commercial production of plug plants the optimal nitrogen concentration in the nutrient solution should be 5.12 mmol L-1.

Sexual reproduction in a greenhouse and reduced autumn frost hardiness of Picea abies progenies

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 551-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Johnsen ◽  
T. Skroppa ◽  
G. Haug ◽  
I. Apeland ◽  
G. Ostreng
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Frost Hardiness

Stem-growth response of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies to nitrogen fertilization as related to needle nitrogen concentration

Trees ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Sikström ◽  
Hans-Örjan Nohrstedt ◽  
Folke Pettersson ◽  
Staffan Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Stem Growth

Nutrient homeostasis, metabolism of reserves, and seedling vigor as affected by seed priming in coarse rice

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (8) ◽  
pp. 1196-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Farooq ◽  
S.M.A. Basra ◽  
M. Khalid ◽  
R. Tabassum ◽  
T. Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Control Seed ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Secondary Roots

The influence of seed priming on germination, seedling vigor, ion homeostasis, and starch metabolism in coarse rice was studied. Priming treatments included pregermination (a traditional soaking method being used for rice nursery preparation), hydropriming for 48 h, osmohardening with KCl or CaCl2 (ψs –1.25 MPa solution) for 24 h, ascorbate priming (10 mg·L–1) for 48 h, and hardening for 24 h. Compared with controls, all priming treatments (except pregermination) reduced the time to start germination, improved the rate of germination and synchronization, and the length of shoot and root, seedling fresh and dry mass, number of secondary roots, the concentration of reducing sugars, and α-amylase activity, although the extent of these changes was different in seeds subjected to different treatments. These seed treatments resulted in higher germination that might be due to overcoming dormancy. Osmohardening with KCl was more effective than CaCl2 for these parameters. Nitrogen concentration remained unaffected in seedlings; however, Ca2+ concentrations in both seeds and seedlings were greater in seeds osmohardenerd with CaCl2 than with all other treatments, including the control. Seed priming enhanced K+ concentration in both seeds and seedlings, leading to improved α-amylase activity. There were positive correlations between seed K+ concentration and amylase activity, and the concentration of reducing sugars with amylase activity, seedling dry mass, or number of secondary roots. Osmohardening with KCl performed better than all other treatments including control. Priming improved the K+ balance that activates α-amylase, a basis for seed invigoration.

scholarly journals Isolation, Screening and Optimization of Estuary Region (Khambhat, Gujarat) Microalgae for Lipid/Oil Production

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahendraperumal Guruvaiah ◽  
Madhuri Narra ◽  
Garima Dixit ◽  
Punit Karawadia ◽  
Deval Shah
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Solvent Extraction Method ◽  
Cyanobacterial Species ◽  
Water And Soil Samples ◽  
Unialgal Culture ◽  
Mass Basis

Water and soil samples were collected from gulf of Khambhat region, Gujarat. The cations and anions like calcium, chloride, fluoride, magnesium, sulphate and total hardness as calcium carbonate were analyzed. Collected estuarine samples were cultured in three different media under standard laboratory conditions. These enrichments were then used to isolate pure unialgal culture by conventional method. Thirty four isolates belonging to twelve species of Cyanobacteria, twenty species of Chlorophyta and two taxa of Bacillariophyta were identified and are maintained at SPRERI centre. The Chlorophyta were found better accumulators of lipids than the cyanobacterial species. Five promising strains (SBC 7, SBC 9, SBC 17, SBC 18 and SBC 19) have been selected. In-house isolates SBC19 and SBC 17 showed highest acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) of 55.2 (U/ml) and 51.2 (U/ml) respectively, with 0.375 g l-1 nitrogen concentration in 24 days. Biomass production was highest for 2.4 g/l, (SBC 19) and 2.7 g/l (SBC 17) with 1.5 g l-1 nitrogen concentration. The highest lipid content was 52% and 48% in SBC19 and SBC 17, respectively, with 0.375 g l-1 nitrogen concentration of solvent extraction method. Lipid accumulation was found enhanced by more than 50% on dry mass basis under nitrogen starvation.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(2): 197-201 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.12534 

Carbohydrate reserves and root growth potential in Douglas-fir seedlings before and after cold storage

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 905-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Frost Hardiness ◽  
Root Growth Potential ◽  
Carbohydrate Reserves ◽  
Before And After

Carbohydrate reserves and root growth potential (RGP) of 2 + 0 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were monitored through a lifting season and during dark, cold storage. Concentrations of total nonstructural carbohydrate and extractable sugars in root and stem tissues remained relatively constant through winter, while foliar sugars showed a sharp midwinter peak at about 195 mg•g−1 dry weight. RGP was lowest in November and March and peaked in January. During storage at +2 and −1 °C, carbohydrates were depleted in all tissues through respiratory consumption. In contrast, RGP increased during the first 6 months in storage and then fell rapidly. The results do not support the view that changes in RGP are driven by changes in carbohydrate concentrations. Storage may affect frost hardiness and drought resistance through its effect on sugar concentrations.

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