Bud break and spring frost hardiness in Picea abies seedlings in response to photoperiod and temperature treatments

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 968-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger Sundheim Fløistad ◽  
Aksel Granhus
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Frost Hardiness ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
First Year ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Contrasting Effect

Spring frost may result in detrimental damage in newly planted Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings if their growth rhythm is not sufficiently adapted to the climatic conditions on the forest site. The aims of this study were to evaluate how bud break and spring frost hardiness were influenced by short-day (SD) treatments with different timing and different temperature regimes during bud formation. Following winter storage, frost hardiness was tested after 1, 3 and 5 weeks in forcing conditions. The SD treatment advanced bud break compared with the control seedlings. In comparison, the effects of timing and the different temperatures on bud break were small. The SD treatment improved frost hardiness in first-year needles during dehardening. The early SD treatment resulted in improved frost hardiness in first-year needles and greater root collar diameter compared with later SD treatment. To avoid a second bud flush, it is important that a critical night length is attained when the SD treatment terminates. Low temperatures following the SD treatment resulted in increased hardiness of the needles and decreased hardiness of the stems. The contrasting effect of temperature in different plant tissues demonstrates the importance of examining different tissues following freezing tests.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature Regime and Growth Stage Interaction on Pattern of Virus Presence in TSWV-Resistant Accessions of Capsicum chinense

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 1199-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvador Soler ◽  
M. José Díez ◽  
Fernando Nuez
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Wilt Virus

We studied the resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus in plant introduction accession (PI)-151225 and PI-159236 under Mediterranean climatic conditions. Two temperature regimes were utilized, corresponding to early and late cultivation cycles. Inoculations were made at 2- and 4-leaf stages to determine the effect of early infection. The existence of interaction between temperature regime and developmental stage was also studied. When plants of both PIs were maintained at 30/18°C (day/night), all plants at both growth stages when inoculated developed systemic infection. At 25/18°C, only those plants inoculated at 2-leaf stage became systematically infected; however, those inoculated at the 4-leaf stage behaved as resistant. Thus, there was an interaction between temperature regime and growth stage. There is potential for using this type of resistance in areas with mild climates, providing seedling infections are avoided.

Early summer frost hardiness in Picea abies seedlings in response to photoperiod treatment

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 2966-2973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halvor Rostad ◽  
Aksel Granhus ◽  
Inger Sundheim Fløistad ◽  
Svein Morgenlie
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Frost Hardiness ◽  
Freezing Injury ◽  
Spring Frost

According to previous studies, short-day (SD) treatment may increase frost hardiness in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings during shoot elongation the next year. The purpose of this study was to examine how timing of the SD treatment affects spring frost hardiness. The following four treatments were applied in the first growth period: natural photoperiod (Nat), or SD treatment (8 h light : 16 h dark) either 14–28 July (SD1), 28 July – 11 August (SD2), or 11–20 August (SD3). After 125 days in cold storage (October–January), the seedlings were transferred to forcing conditions (20–25 °C, 24 h light) followed by freezing tests at –3, –5, –7, and –9 °C when most seedlings had reached bud break stage 7 (Krutzsch index). Seedling height measurements and analyses of carbohydrate status, nitrogen concentration, and dry mass of needles after cold storage were done to examine the treatments' impact on seedling quality. SD treatment reduced visual freezing injury to current- and first-year shoots. Mortality occurred at –7 and –9 °C and was significantly higher in the Nat and SD1 treatments (43% in both) than in the SD2 (23%) and SD3 (15%) treatments. Seedlings from the late SD treatments also showed better height growth and developed more shoots from dormant buds after freezing to –3 and –5 °C. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the importance of proper timing of the SD treatment in relation to the seedlings' natural growth rhythm.

scholarly journals The effects of climatic conditions and forest site types on disintegration rates in Picea abies occurring at the Modrava Peat Bogs in the Šumava National Park

Dendrobiology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
František Krejcí ◽  
Stanislav Vacek ◽  
Lukáš Bílek ◽  
Miroslav Mikeska ◽  
Pavla Hejcmanová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
National Park ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Peat Bogs ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Site Types

scholarly journals Land surface model photosynthesis and parameter calibration for boreal sites with adaptive population importance sampler

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarmo Mäkelä ◽  
Jürgen Knauer ◽  
Mika Aurela ◽  
Andrew Black ◽  
Martin Heimann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Delayed Effect

Abstract. We calibrated the JSBACH model with six different stomatal conductance formulations using measurements from 10 FLUXNET coniferous evergreen sites in the Boreal zone. The parameter posterior distributions were generated by adaptive population importance sampler and the optimal values by a simple stochastic optimisation algorithm. The observations used to constrain the model are evapotranspiration (ET) and gross primary production (GPP). We identified the key parameters in the calibration process. These parameters control the soil moisture stress function and the overall rate of carbon fixation. We were able to improve the coefficient of determination and the model bias with all stomatal conductance formulations. There was no clear candidate for the best stomatal conductance model, although certain versions produced better estimates depending on the examined variable (ET, GPP) and the used metric. We were also able to significantly enhance the model behaviour during a drought event in a Finnish Scots pine forest site. The JSBACH model was also modified to use a delayed effect of temperature for photosynthetic activity. This modification enabled the model to correctly time and replicate the springtime increase in GPP (and ET) for conifers throughout the measurements sites used in this study.

scholarly journals Economic aspects and energy performance of the cooled polycrystalline solar photovoltaic technology

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 162-170
Author(s):  
Henrik Zsiborács ◽  
Béla Pályi ◽  
Gábor Pintér ◽  
Nóra Hegedűsné Baranyai ◽  
Péter Szabó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Cooling Technology

In this paper the economic aspects of the water spraying cooling technology of polycrystalline solar modules with respect to the effect of temperature on performance was examined. The main purpose of this work was to explore the economic relations of the spraying cooling technology of solar modules. In the study 5 kW PV system for residential customers, 5 kW and 50 kW PV system for business customer were studied. In Hungarian climatic conditions, considering the inflation values used, the interest rate, the annual utilization of the cooling system, the expected profit and the maintenance costs show us that neither of the cooling solutions is capable of better payback time than the reference uncooled solar PV system. The further research goal is to determine the usability of the cooling system in such countries which have on the one hand more ideal climatic conditions, on the other hand more predictable green energy feed regulations.

scholarly journals The influence of meteorological conditions on major quantitative and qualitative traits of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radojka Maletic ◽  
Radosav Jevdjovic
Keyword(s):  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
First Year ◽  
Lower Mass ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Average Plant ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench ◽  
Year 2000

The results of two-year investigations of buckwheat raised in agroecological conditions of South Banat (Pancevo) and West Serbia (Gorobilje) are presented in the paper. Based on the obtained investigation data, we confirm the hypothesis that buckwheat is a plant suited to more humid regions, since we have determined higher yield of the plant on locations with higher precipitation amount. During 1999, the yield of buckwheat was higher at the location in Pancevo and the next year at the location in Gorobilje. Also, in the year 2000, values of average plant height, number of seeds per plant and seed mass per plant were higher at the location in Gorobilje, whereas in the year 1999 (first year of investigation), which from the aspect of climatic conditions could be considered as optimal, plant yield and all other investigated parameters were better in case of buckwheat originating from the location in Pancevo. In the year 2000, in regard to the seed proportionally medium fractions were more present, which is, among other things, the result of the influence of higher precipitation amount. In regard to the exploitation value of the seed, better germination was registered for seed produced in 2000 (at both locations), although it had lower mass compared to the seed produced in 1999. Blossoming (blooming) in the first study year at both locations started 5 to 7 days earlier compared to the second year of investigations and lasted 5 to 8 days longer. On the other hand, in the second year of investigations at both locations harvesting started 10 to 12 days earlier compared to the previous year.

The effect of temperature stress on grain development in wheat

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
RD Asana ◽  
RF Williams
Keyword(s):  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Synthetic Activity ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Stable Characteristic

Experiments were conducted in controlled environments to determine the effects of high temperatures on grain development and yield in wheat. Two Australian and three Indian cultivars of wheat were exposed, from a week after anthesis until maturity, to "day" temperatures of 25, 28, and 3l°C, and "night" temperatures of 9 and 12°C. There was a mean reduction in yield of 16%' for the 6° rise in day temperature, but the cultivars did not differ significantly in their response to these temperatures. There were no significant effects of night temperature on grain weight, but stem weight was less at 12°C. Senescence was hastened only slightly by high day temperature, and there were no differential effects between cultivars in this respect.In a subsidiary experiment one Indian and five Australian cultivars were subjected to three day-night temperature regimes (24/19°, 27/22°, and 30/25°C). Highly significant but complex interactions were established between temperature regime and cultivar. A growth analysis for the Australian cultivars Ridley and Diadem indicated that the developing grain of Ridley had a greater capacity for growth than that of Diadem from the earliest stage. This, together with the confirmation of grain size as a very stable characteristic for all the varieties, points to the developmental and synthetic activity of the grain as an important determinant of grain yield. The relevance of this study to the production of wheat in India is briefly discussed.

Use of crushed bark of Picea abies as a soil conditioner in organic spring wheat production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Nurmi ◽  
Päivi Kurki ◽  
Iina Haikarainen ◽  
Riitta Savikurki ◽  
Janne Kaseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
First Year ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Soil Conditioner ◽  
Positive Effects

<p>Adding organic matter in the soil is especially important for organic agriculture, which relies on good soil health for plant production. Crushed bark (CB) of Picea abies (L.) Karsten is a forestry by-product, which has been developed into a new soil conditioner for organic farming. It contains up to 80 % organic matter with C/N ratio of 78 and pH 5.7-6.0, but is rather nutrient poor.</p><p>Organic field experiments on loamy sand with moderate soil fertility took place in Mikkeli, Finland in 2017-2018 in order to test the substance. The fertilization was based on commercial organic fertilizers: chicken manure and blood meal fertilizer in the first year and meat and bone meal fertilizer in the second one. The treatments were control (only fertilization) and one- or two-year applications of CB (40 t ha<sup>-1</sup>) with or without base ash (4 t ha<sup>-1</sup>). Other half of plots were left without substances in 2018.</p><p>No differences between treatments were observed without the base ash in any of years. A one-year application of crushed bark with base ash increased both spring wheat yield quantity and quality. The statistically significant effects were found for yield, N uptake, grain protein content, 1000-seed weight and hectolitre weight compared to control in 2018, a year after application. Despite the severe drought during that growing season, the wheat yields for CB with base ash and control were 3100 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> and 2250 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The positive effects of soil amendments were not as clear in the first year as in the following. No benefits were visible after two-year successive application of CB either alone or with base ash. Spruce CB in addition with base ash may be beneficial in terms of yield and quality when it is applied only once in large amounts. In our study the effects were overall greater in the following year after the application.</p>

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