Isolation of an Aureobasidium pullulans polysaccharide that promotes adhesion of blastospores to water-borne paints

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 954-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stig L Bardage ◽  
Jonny Bjurman
Keyword(s):  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Liquid Cultures ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Culture Extract ◽  
Water Borne

A polysaccharide composed of maltotriose units was isolated from a liquid culture of Aureobasidium pullulans (De Bary) Arnaud blastospores incubated for 4 h, by precipitation with tetrahydrofuran on solvent-resistant membranes. The concentration of polysaccharide obtained from the liquid cultures after incubation of approximately 106 spores/mL was estimated to be 2 μg/mL of culture filtrate. This polysaccharide seems to be pullulan, as judged by degradation with pullulanase. Newly harvested blastospores resuspended in water did not adhere to the surface of painted wood. However, suspensions of purified culture extract enhanced the adhesion of newly harvested blastospores to the surface of painted wood. It is therefore concluded that pullulan is released by blastospores and contributes to the adhesion of blastospores to surfaces.Key words: adhesion, spores, polysaccharide, pullulan, coatings, blue stain.

Role of Sporormiellasimilis as a potential bioprotectant of Populustremuloides wood against the blue-stain fungus Ophiostomapiliferum

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2235-2239 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Chakravarty ◽  
L. Trifonov ◽  
L.J. Hutchison ◽  
Y Hiratsuka ◽  
W.A. Ayer
Keyword(s):  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Fungitoxic Effect

Interactions between Sporormiellasimilis Khan & Cain and the blue-stain fungus Ophiostomapiliferum (Fr.) H. & P. Sydow, both isolated from Populustremuloides Michx. wood, were investigated. Sporormiellasimilis significantly reduced the growth of O. piliferum in vitro when grown in dual culture, in addition to inhibiting the growth of O. piliferum on agar media and in liquid culture when treated with a culture filtrate of S. similis. Ophiostomapiliferum failed to colonize P. tremuloides wood chips when they were preinoculated with S. similis. Ten known compounds were isolated and identified from the culture filtrate of S. similis. These compounds showed varied fungitoxic effect against O. piliferum at concentrations of 1 to 1000 μg/mL. The potential for S. similis as a biological control agent against O. piliferum on P. tremuloides is discussed.

Potential for biological protection against blue stain in Populustremuloides with a hyphomycetous fungus, Stachybotryscylindrospora

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Hiratsuka ◽  
P. Chakravarty ◽  
S. Miao ◽  
W.A. Ayer
Keyword(s):  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Biological Protection

Interactions between a blue-stain fungus, Ophiostomacrassivaginatum (H.D. Griffin) T.C. Harrington, and a hyphomycetous fungus, Stachybotryscylindrospora C.N. Jensen, from Populustremuloides Michx. were studied. Stachybotryscylindrospora inhibited the in vitro growth of O. crassivaginatum when grown in dual culture. A culture filtrate of S. cylindrospora reduced the growth of O. crassivaginatum on both agar media and in liquid culture. Stachybotryscylindrospora, previously inoculated on P. tremuloides wood chips, prevented colonization of O. crassivaginatum on the same chips. Two known fungitoxic compounds, trichodermin and trichodermol, were isolated and identified from culture filtrates of S. cylindrospora. Both of these compounds significantly inhibited the growth of O. crassivaginatum in vitro. Stachybotryscylindrospora can be considered as a candidate for biological protection of wood chips and wood products of aspen from the stain-producing fungus, O. crassivaginatum.

Chemical improvement of surfaces. Part 3: Covalent modification of Scots pine sapwood with substituted benzoates providing resistance to Aureobasidium pullulans staining fungi

Holzforschung ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 595-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan C. Namyslo ◽  
Dieter E. Kaufmann ◽  
Carsten Mai ◽  
Holger Militz
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽  
Covalent Modification ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Covalently Bonded ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Natural Wood ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Modified Wood

Abstract The development of appropriate chemical precursors that can covalently functionalize natural wood aims at efficient restriction of deterioration. Biological staining experiments were performed with veneer pieces made of sapwood of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) that had previously been chemically modified with substituted benzoates. Based on the recently published protocol on esterification of wood by means of 1H-benzotriazole activation, the quantity of covalently bonded organomaterials (QCOs), a recently defined advantageous value considering the individual molecular weight of the functionalizing organochemical groups, was obtained in the range of 0.9–1.5 mmol g-1. The modified wood was analyzed by attenuated total reflection IR spectroscopy. Modification with three electronically different benzoates clearly reduced the colonization of the specimen’s surfaces by the blue stain fungus Aureobasidium pullulans but did not fully prevent it. The degree of colonization appeared to decrease with increasing QCO values of the modification agents but apparently did not strongly depend on the additional functionality of the benzoate.

Pigmentation phenotype instability in Myxococcus xanthus

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1657-1662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Burchard ◽  
Ann C. Burchard ◽  
J. H. Parish
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Maximum ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Myxococcus Xanthus ◽  
Cell Contact ◽  
Uv Resistance ◽  
Liquid Cultures ◽  
Phenethyl Alcohol ◽  
Fluctuation Test ◽  
Pigmentation Phenotype

Cells of Myxococcus xanthus FB2 produce tan or yellow colonies. Subcultures of tan colonies yielded tan and yellow colonies and subcultures of most yellow colonies yielded only yellow colonies. Strain FB2 variants in which the color type is more stable were obtained. Yellow cells were distinguishable from tan by the presence of a pigment(s) with an absorption maximum at 379 nm. Fluctuation Test experiments and the presence of this pigment(s) in liquid cultures of FB2 indicated that tan phenotype cells spontaneously became or segregated yellow cells in liquid culture. The frequency of appearance of yellow cells was increased in low density cultures (<106/ml). The increase cannot be explained by differences in growth rates of the two phenotypes. No evidence that cell–cell contact or culture medium constituents affect the appearance of the yellow phenotype was found. Ultraviolet irradiation of FB2 resulted in an increased proportion of cells producing yellow colonies among the survivors. Greater UV resistance of yellow cells and UV-induced conversion of tan to yellow accounts for this increase. Low level photoreactivation of viability and of the tan phenotype occurred. Incubation of FB2 in medium containing mitomycin C, nalidixic acid, phenethyl alcohol, or at 36.5 °C also resulted in conversion of tan to yellow cells.

ETHANOL PRODUCED BY AUREOBASIDIUM PULLULANS AND ITS EFFECT ON THE GROWTH OF ARMILLARIA MELLEA

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1631-1639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gertrude D. Pentland
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Armillaria Mellea ◽  
Ethanol Ethanol ◽  
Cell Free Filtrate

The cell-free filtrate of a liquid culture of Aureobasidium pullulans (de Bary) Arnaud contained a substance which stimulated the growth of Armillaria niellea (Fr.) Quél. This stimulatory effect was apparent when either rhizomorph tips or undifferentiated mycelium on water agar discs were used as inoculum, indicating an effect on both rhizomorph initiation and elongation. The cell-free filtrate was shown by gas chromatography to contain ethanol. Ethanol had an effect on the growth of A. mellea similar to that of the cell-free filtrate.Growth of A. mellea was stimulated by the presence of ethanol in the medium and the degree of stimulation was shown to be dependent on the total amount of ethanol available at a concentration of 500 p.p.m. Ethanol added at regular intervals as lower concentrations in the medium stimulated the growth of A. mellea as much as one higher initial concentration. A concentration of ethanol as low as 50 p.p.m. added daily for 14 days was more effective than an initial concentration of 700 p.p.m. in stimulating rhizomorph development of A. mellea.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterisation of ΦcrAss002, a crAss-like phage from the human gut that infects Bacteroides xylanisolvens

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Guerin ◽  
Andrey N. Shkoporov ◽  
Stephen R. Stockdale ◽  
Joan Colom Comas ◽  
Ekaterina V. Khokhlova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pure Culture ◽  
Faecal Sample ◽  
Healthy Donor ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Liquid Cultures ◽  
Very High

Abstract Background The gut phageome comprises a complex phage community of thousands of individual strains, with a few highly abundant bacteriophages. CrAss-like phages, which infect bacteria of the order Bacteroidales, are the most abundant bacteriophage family in the human gut and make an important contribution to an individual’s core virome. Based on metagenomic data, crAss-like phages form a family, with four sub-families and ten candidate genera. To date, only three representatives isolated in pure culture have been reported: ΦcrAss001 and two closely related phages DAC15 and DAC17; all are members of the less abundant candidate genus VI. The persistence at high levels of both crAss-like phage and their Bacteroidales hosts in the human gut has not been explained mechanistically, and this phage-host relationship can only be properly studied with isolated phage-host pairs from as many genera as possible. Results Faeces from a healthy donor with high levels of crAss-like phage was used to initiate a faecal fermentation in a chemostat, with selected antibiotics chosen to inhibit rapidly growing bacteria and selectively enrich for Gram-negative Bacteroidales. This had the objective of promoting the simultaneous expansion of crAss-like phages on their native hosts. The levels of seven different crAss-like phages expanded during the fermentation, indicating that their hosts were also present in the fermenter. The enriched supernatant was then tested against individual Bacteroidales strains isolated from the same faecal sample. This resulted in the isolation of a previously uncharacterised crAss-like phage of candidate genus IV of the proposed Alphacrassvirinae sub-family, ΦcrAss002, that infects the gut commensal Bacteroides xylanisolvens. ΦcrAss002 does not form plaques or spots on lawns of sensitive cells, nor does it lyse liquid cultures, even at high titres. In keeping with the co-abundance of phage and host in the human gut, ΦcrAss002 and Bacteroides xylanisolvens can also co-exist at high levels when co-cultured in laboratory media. Conclusions We report the isolation and characterisation of ΦcrAss002, the first representative of the proposed Alphacrassvirinae sub-family of crAss-like phages. ΦcrAss002 cannot form plaques or spots on bacterial lawns but can co-exist with its host, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, at very high levels in liquid culture without impacting on bacterial numbers.

Three Sesquiterpenoids, Fascicularones E, F, and G Produced by the Fungus Hypholoma fasciculare

2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 880-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihito Shiono ◽  
Hironari Akasaka ◽  
Fuminori Hiramatsu ◽  
Kozue Sato ◽  
Tetsuya Murayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Culture Extract ◽  
Hypholoma Fasciculare

Three new sesquiterpenoids, fascicularones E, F, and G, were isolated from the liquid culture extract of the fungus Hypholoma fasciculare. Their structures were established based on spectroscopic data.

scholarly journals Isolation of large numbers of enriched human megakaryocytes from liquid cultures of normal peripheral blood progenitor cells

Blood ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 1771-1782 ◽  
Author(s):  
EM Mazur ◽  
D Basilico ◽  
JL Newton ◽  
JL Cohen ◽  
C Charland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Normal Peripheral Blood ◽  
Liquid Cultures ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Normal Human

Abstract Investigations linking human megakaryocyte development and cell biology have been hindered by an inability to obtain large, relatively pure megakaryocyte cell preparations from in vitro stem cell cultures. We report here that such preparations can be generated from liquid cultures of normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by a serum source of megakaryocyte colony stimulating activity (Meg- CSA, the 0% to 60% ammonium sulfate protein fraction of aplastic canine serum). Adherent-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells are suspended at 5 x 10(5) to 10(6) cells/mL in supplemented liquid culture medium, platelet-poor human plasma 20% (vol/vol) and 1 to 2 mg/mL serum Meg-CSA protein. After 12 to 14 days of incubation, megakaryocytes constitute 3.0 +/- 2.9% (mean +/- SD, n = 8) of the unseparated cultured cell population. Megakaryocytes can be enriched by counterflow centrifugal elutriation to a purity of 58 +/- 14% (+/- SD) with a recovery of 13 +/- 7% and a viability of 67 +/- 19%. This algorithm results in the average isolation of approximately 3 x 10(5) enriched megakaryocytes from a 100-mL starting volume of peripheral blood. Cultured megakaryocytes exhibit normal light and ultrastructural morphology by Wright-Giemsa staining and electron microscopic analysis. After a 12-day culture interval, enriched megakaryocyte preparations exhibit morphologic stage distributions that are similar to normal human marrow. Stage distributions move rightward with culture duration indicating partial synchrony of megakaryocyte maturation. On cytospin preparations, megakaryocyte diameter averages 30.2 +/- 1.5 microns and increases with maturation stage. Flow cytometric analyses demonstrate the expression of platelet glycoproteins (GP) Ib and IIb/IIIa by the cultured megakaryocytes. The modal ploidy of the enriched cells at day 12 of culture is 16N and most remaining megakaryocytes are 8N or 32N. Liquid culture of serum Meg-CSA-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells represents a valuable investigative tool that should permit studies of human megakaryocyte biology that have not been possible in the past.

Effect of agitation speed on the density of bacteria Photorhabdus luminescens and the population dynamics of nematodes Heterorhabditis megidis in liquid culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Tumialis ◽  
A. Mazurkiewicz ◽  
I. Skrzecz
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Agitation Speed ◽  
Infective Juvenile ◽  
Photorhabdus Luminescens ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Liquid Cultures ◽  
Heterorhabditis Megidis ◽  
Dynamics Of Population ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Liquid culture is the most scalable technology for the industrial production of entomopathogenic nematodes. Variability of the recovery after inoculation into cultures of Photorhabdus luminescens remains a persistent problem in the mass production of Heterorhabditis sp. In order to enhance infective juvenile (IJ) recovery and improve nematode population management, we analysed the correlation between the nematode Heterorhabditis megidis (strain KV – 136) development in liquid cultures, the density of bacteria of P. luminescens and the culture agitation speed. Analyses focused on the impact of different agitation speeds (160 rpm and 200 rpm) on the dynamics of population growth of H. megidis in liquid cultures at constant biotic and abiotic parameters (initial dose of nematodes introduced to the culture 2300 IJs/ml, temperature 25°C, the number of bacterial colonies 0.3 × 107/ml). The performed experiments showed that the agitation speed of 200 rpm favourably affected the density of bacteria of P. luminescens (24.14 × 107/ml). High density of bacteria at this agitation speed resulted in an earlier (on the fifth day of the culture) maximum increase in the number of hermaphroditic individuals (1239.6 H/ml) than in the culture at an agitation speed of 160 rpm.

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