ETHANOL PRODUCED BY AUREOBASIDIUM PULLULANS AND ITS EFFECT ON THE GROWTH OF ARMILLARIA MELLEA

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1631-1639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gertrude D. Pentland
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Armillaria Mellea ◽  
Ethanol Ethanol ◽  
Cell Free Filtrate

The cell-free filtrate of a liquid culture of Aureobasidium pullulans (de Bary) Arnaud contained a substance which stimulated the growth of Armillaria niellea (Fr.) Quél. This stimulatory effect was apparent when either rhizomorph tips or undifferentiated mycelium on water agar discs were used as inoculum, indicating an effect on both rhizomorph initiation and elongation. The cell-free filtrate was shown by gas chromatography to contain ethanol. Ethanol had an effect on the growth of A. mellea similar to that of the cell-free filtrate.Growth of A. mellea was stimulated by the presence of ethanol in the medium and the degree of stimulation was shown to be dependent on the total amount of ethanol available at a concentration of 500 p.p.m. Ethanol added at regular intervals as lower concentrations in the medium stimulated the growth of A. mellea as much as one higher initial concentration. A concentration of ethanol as low as 50 p.p.m. added daily for 14 days was more effective than an initial concentration of 700 p.p.m. in stimulating rhizomorph development of A. mellea.

scholarly journals A Single Pulse Shock Tube Study on the Pyrolysis of 2,5-Dimethylfuran

2015 ◽  
Vol 229 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik F. Schuler ◽  
Clemens Naumann ◽  
Marina Braun-Unkhoff ◽  
Uwe Riedel ◽  
Friedhelm Zabel
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Shock Tube ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Single Pulse ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Chemical Kinetic ◽  
Kinetic Reaction ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Product Species ◽  
Tube Study

AbstractThe pyrolysis of 2,5-dimethylfuran has been studied in a single pulse shock tube equipped with fast probing device at temperatures between 1175 K and 1450 K and pressures of 8.0±0.5 bar. The initial concentration of 2,5-dimethylfuran diluted in argon (500 ppm) was much lower than in previous studies reported in the literature. Sixteen different product species were quantified by gas chromatography. The product distribution pattern was compared with the prediction of two comprehensive chemical kinetic reaction mechanisms taken from the literature. In general, the predictions of the mechanisms fit the results of the experiments; however, the comparison reveals some differences between the two mechanisms as well as between simulations and experiments.

Study on Degradation Performances of Klebsiella Spp. For Cyclohexane

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 479-483
Author(s):  
Wen Jie Jin ◽  
Chun Yan Lei ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Qi Qi Xing
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Culture Temperature ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Culture Time ◽  
Liquid Culture Medium ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Degradation performances of Klebsiella spp. for Cyclohexane was studied by using the method of single factor in the paper. The influences of temperature, pH, initial concentration of Cyclohexane, oxygen supply, culture time etc. were studied and the optimum conditions were determined. The results show that the activated strains of Klebsiella spp. are inoculated in the liquid culture medium of 100 ml which contained cyclohexane, the initial concentration of cyclohexane is 2490 mg/L, the culture temperature is at 28°C, pH is 6, the number of Klebsiella spp. is about 9×105ml-1in the liquid culture medium, the speed of rotary shaker is 120 r/min, and the degradation rate of Cyclohexane reaches 70.1% in 96 hr. The results could provide the theoretical basis in the field of pollution treatment of petroleum hydrocarbons.

STIMULATION OF RHIZOMORPH DEVELOPMENT OF ARMILLARIA MELLEA BY AUREOBASIDIUM PULLULANS IN ARTIFICIAL CULTURE

1965 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gertrude D. Pentland
Keyword(s):  
Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Malt Agar ◽  
Artificial Culture ◽  
Armillaria Mellea ◽  
Stimulation Of

In artificial culture, Aureobasidium pullulans (de Bary) Arnaud produced a stimulatory effect on rhizomorph development of Armillaria mellea (Fr.) Quél. Tests were carried out on malt agar, potato dextrose agar, and a chemically defined synthetic medium. The stimulatory substance (or substances) produced by A. pullulans was extracellular, diffusible in the medium and volatile. Tests indicated that the stimulation was caused by something other than ethanol or indoleacetic acid.

scholarly journals Homogenity of oil and sugar components of flour amaranth investigated by GC-MS

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-1) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Djordje Psodorov ◽  
Marijana Acanski ◽  
Djura Vujic ◽  
Jovana Brkljaca ◽  
Dragan Psodorov
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Ethanol Ethanol

Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for performing a qualitative analysis of liposoluble and hydrosoluble flour extracts of three genotypes of Amaranthus sp. All three samples were first defatted with hexane. Hexane extracts were used for the analysis of fatty acids of lipid components. TMSH (Trimethylsulfonium hydroxide, 0.2M in methanol) was used as the transesterification reagent. With transesterification reaction, fatty acids were esterified from acilglycerol to methyl-esters. Defatted flour samples were dried in the air and then extracted with ethanol. Ethanol extracts were used for the analysis of soluble carbohydrates. TMSI (trimethylsilylimidazole) was used as a reagent for the derivatization of carbohydrates into trimethylsilylethers. The results show that the dominant methyl-esters of fatty acids are very similar in all the three samples. Such a similarity was not detected in the analysis of soluble sugars. The following test cluster analysis was used for the comparison of liposoluble and hydrosoluble flour extracts of three genotypes of Amaranthus sp.

scholarly journals Xylose and Arabinose Fermentation to Produce Ethanol by Isolated Yeasts from Durian (Durio zibethinus L.) Fruit

Molekul ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermansyah Hermansyah ◽  
Fachrijal Fachrijal ◽  
Miksusanti Miksusanti ◽  
Fatma Fatma ◽  
Getari Kasmiarti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Candida Guilliermondii ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Yeast Peptone Dextrose ◽  
Durio Zibethinus ◽  
Ethanol Content ◽  
Candida Famata ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Pentose Sugars ◽  
Arabinose Fermentation

Xylose and arabinose are pentosesugars that present in hemicellulose, part of lignocellulose biomass.These pentose sugars can be fermented by yeast into ethanol.The aim of this research was to utilize yeast isolated from durian fruit (DuriozibethinusL.) in fermentation of xylose and arabinose to produce bioethanol.Phenotypic test of isolates was conducted by growingthe isolates in various agar media, i.e.YPD (Yeast Peptone Dextrose), YPA (Yeast Peptone Arabinose), and YPX (Yeast Peptone Xylose) containing dextrose, arabinose, xylose, respectively, assole carbon source to see cell growth.  The yeast isolates were further identified using API AOC 20C kit method. Yeast isolates were applied for fermentation of glucose, arabinose, and xylosein incubated cultures.  Ethanol production in the fermentation was analyzed bygaschromatography. Yeast isolates were identified as Kodamaea ohmeri, Candida famata, Candida guilliermondii, and Crytococcuc laurentii. Based on gas chromatography data, it was found that ethanol produced in the fermentation for three days, the highest ethanol content on xylose substrate was fermented by Candida famata-Awhich is0.021% (v/v) ethanol resulted from initial concentration of 5% xylose (w/v).  While on arabinose substrate, the highest ethanol content was fermented by Crytococcus laurentii-Bwhich is 0.0034% (v/v) ethanol resulted from initial concentration of 5% arabinose (w/v).

Isolation of an Aureobasidium pullulans polysaccharide that promotes adhesion of blastospores to water-borne paints

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 954-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stig L Bardage ◽  
Jonny Bjurman
Keyword(s):  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Liquid Cultures ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Culture Extract ◽  
Water Borne

A polysaccharide composed of maltotriose units was isolated from a liquid culture of Aureobasidium pullulans (De Bary) Arnaud blastospores incubated for 4 h, by precipitation with tetrahydrofuran on solvent-resistant membranes. The concentration of polysaccharide obtained from the liquid cultures after incubation of approximately 106 spores/mL was estimated to be 2 μg/mL of culture filtrate. This polysaccharide seems to be pullulan, as judged by degradation with pullulanase. Newly harvested blastospores resuspended in water did not adhere to the surface of painted wood. However, suspensions of purified culture extract enhanced the adhesion of newly harvested blastospores to the surface of painted wood. It is therefore concluded that pullulan is released by blastospores and contributes to the adhesion of blastospores to surfaces.Key words: adhesion, spores, polysaccharide, pullulan, coatings, blue stain.

Metabolism of the Phytoalexin Rishitin by Gibberella pulicaris Is Highly Reduced in Liquid Culture

1998 ◽  
Vol 53 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 806-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus-M. Weltring ◽  
Martin Altenburger
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Gibberella Pulicaris ◽  
Potato Dry Rot ◽  
Maximal Reduction

Gibberella pulicaris is a causal agent of potato dry rot. The fungus is able to metabolize the potato phytoalexin rishitin, a trait which is possibly associated with virulence against potato tubers. Metabolism of the plant defence compound on agar medium is completed within 24 h. In contrast, incubations in various liquid media and buffers highly reduced degradation of rishitin with a maximal reduction of substrate down to 30% of the initial concentration within five days. The structurally related sesquiterpene lubimin was degraded completely within 12 hr in all tested liquid media. Our data suggest that rishitin metabolism is under an unusual genetic control requiring growth on a solid surface for efficient metabolism.

scholarly journals Determining a Bioventing Scale-Up Factor

SURG Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
Michael Beswick ◽  
Richard G Zytner
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Clayey Soils ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Initial Concentration

Bioventing is an increasingly popular means of removing hazardous petroleum products from sites contaminated by industry and underground gasoline storage tanks. A mesoscale bioventing reactor system was used to determine the rate of bioremediation and compared to previous work completed on smaller scale reactors. Ten 4kg reactors with two different soil types were spiked with synthetic gasoline to an initial concentration of 4000mg/kg soil. Vacuum was then applied at a rate of 1mL/min, with sufficient water levels monitored and maintained to induce bioventing conditions. Gas chromatography was used to determine concentrations of synthetic gasoline in soil every two days for each soil type. Results indicate a smaller scale up factor for sandy soils (Delhi), than for clayey soils (Elora). Furthermore it was observed that slower decay rates exist as reactor size increases, suggesting that conservative estimates are needed when transferring lab results to the field.

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