Potential for biological protection against blue stain in Populustremuloides with a hyphomycetous fungus, Stachybotryscylindrospora

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Hiratsuka ◽  
P. Chakravarty ◽  
S. Miao ◽  
W.A. Ayer
Keyword(s):  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Biological Protection

Interactions between a blue-stain fungus, Ophiostomacrassivaginatum (H.D. Griffin) T.C. Harrington, and a hyphomycetous fungus, Stachybotryscylindrospora C.N. Jensen, from Populustremuloides Michx. were studied. Stachybotryscylindrospora inhibited the in vitro growth of O. crassivaginatum when grown in dual culture. A culture filtrate of S. cylindrospora reduced the growth of O. crassivaginatum on both agar media and in liquid culture. Stachybotryscylindrospora, previously inoculated on P. tremuloides wood chips, prevented colonization of O. crassivaginatum on the same chips. Two known fungitoxic compounds, trichodermin and trichodermol, were isolated and identified from culture filtrates of S. cylindrospora. Both of these compounds significantly inhibited the growth of O. crassivaginatum in vitro. Stachybotryscylindrospora can be considered as a candidate for biological protection of wood chips and wood products of aspen from the stain-producing fungus, O. crassivaginatum.

Role of Sporormiellasimilis as a potential bioprotectant of Populustremuloides wood against the blue-stain fungus Ophiostomapiliferum

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2235-2239 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Chakravarty ◽  
L. Trifonov ◽  
L.J. Hutchison ◽  
Y Hiratsuka ◽  
W.A. Ayer
Keyword(s):  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Fungitoxic Effect

Interactions between Sporormiellasimilis Khan & Cain and the blue-stain fungus Ophiostomapiliferum (Fr.) H. & P. Sydow, both isolated from Populustremuloides Michx. wood, were investigated. Sporormiellasimilis significantly reduced the growth of O. piliferum in vitro when grown in dual culture, in addition to inhibiting the growth of O. piliferum on agar media and in liquid culture when treated with a culture filtrate of S. similis. Ophiostomapiliferum failed to colonize P. tremuloides wood chips when they were preinoculated with S. similis. Ten known compounds were isolated and identified from the culture filtrate of S. similis. These compounds showed varied fungitoxic effect against O. piliferum at concentrations of 1 to 1000 μg/mL. The potential for S. similis as a biological control agent against O. piliferum on P. tremuloides is discussed.

scholarly journals Potensi Cendawan Endofit Asal Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) untuk Mengendalikan Cendawan Patogen Candida albicans In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Mulya Sari ◽  
Nampiah Sukarno ◽  
Irmanida Batubara ◽  
Rohani Cinta Badia Br Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Red Ginger ◽  
Chemical Groups

Endophytic fungi isolated from red ginger (Zingiber officinale) can inhibit growth of Fusarium oxysporum, but the ability of the fungi to control Candida albicans  as human pathogen has not been reported. The aims of this research were to study the mechanism of ten endophytic fungi isolates derived from red ginger to control C. albicans in vitro using dual culture methode and fungal extract, and to determine fungal bioactive chemical groups produced by the fungi. Three out of ten isolates tested, Talaromyces assiutensis JMa 7, T. assiutensis JMbt 3, and Curvularia affinis JMbt 9 inhibited growth of C. albicans with inhibition zones were 4.0 mm, 4.9 mm, and 11.3 mm, respectively. The cultures of the three potential endophytic fungi were extracted by maceration method using 3 solvents i.e ethyl acetate, n-hexane and ethanol. The three isolates were grown in PDB separately for 21 days incubation. At harvest, the culture filtrate was extracted by ethyl acetate and n-hexane, while fungal mycelia were extracted by all the three solvents. Ethyl acetate extracts obtained from culture filtrate of all the three fungal isolates consistently inhibited C. albicans with inhibition zones were 2.0-3.8 mm. For n-hexane extract, however, only Talaromyces assiutensis JMbt 3 that had positive effect with inhibition zone was 2.0 mm. All extracts from mycelia did not have any effects on C. albicans. The ethyl acetate extract of T. assiutensis JMbt 3 was analysed to determine its chemical groups using visible color on thin layer chromatography (TLC). The results showed that the bioactive compounds was terpenoids, and antioxidant.

Biocontrol Delivery System of Trichoderma harzianum Formulated in Graphite and Silica Nano Particles to Control Rhizoctonia solani on Tomato Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 1044 ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
Hersanti ◽  
Lilian Rizkie ◽  
Santi Suryani ◽  
Luciana Djaya ◽  
I Made Joni
Keyword(s):  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
In Vitro Treatment

This paper reports the performance of a graphite and silica nanoparticles-based delivery system for T. harzianum in controlling the in vitro growth of R. solani and damping-off disease on tomato plants. The in vitro and in vivo experiments were arranged in the randomized complete block design. The in vitro treatment was a dual culture of R. solani and T. harzianum in the various components of formulation on PDA, i.e., T. harzianum + 5 wt.% graphite, T. harzianum + 1wt.% silica NPs., T. harzianum + 5 wt.% graphite + 1 wt.% silica nanoparticles, T. harzianum, 5 wt.% graphite, 1 wt.% silica nanoparticles, fungicide (mancozeb), and a control. The in vivo treatment included the application of T. harzianum in the same compositions as the in vitro treatment, except that there were two controls i.e., inoculated and noninoculated tomato plants with R. solani. T. harzianum by soaking tomato seeds in the formulation suspensions before planting. The results showed that all formulation compositions were able to inhibit the in vitro growth of R. solani. The inhibitions of the colony growth of R. solani caused by formulated and non-formulated T. harzianum were the same. This proved that graphite and silica NPs did not resist to the ability of T. harzianum in controlling R. solani, indicated that the formulation was promising to develop. However, the inhibition of damping-off disease incidence on tomato plants caused by formulated T. harzianum was the same as the non-formulated one only on day 7 after treatments. On days 14, 21, and 28, the inhibitions were lower than the non-formulated ones. It was suggested to reapply the formulation of T. harzianum in the soil at planting and several days after.

TWO MACHINES FOR IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF PLANTS IN LIQUID MEDIA

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT E. HARRIS ◽  
EDWIN B. B. MASON
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Wide Mouth ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Two Machines

Two machines are described, one to tilt 400 50-mL or 320 125-mL Erlenmeyer flasks, and the other to rock 120 455-mL or 70 910-mL square wide-mouth Mason jars, or combinations of the different container sizes. In grapes, explants transferred to liquid media on the machines after 28 days on agar produced seven times as many shoots in 90 days as explants maintained on agar media. Similar increases were obtained with Arctostaphylos uva ursi, Fuchsia hybrida ’Swingtime,’ Amelanchier alnifolia, and Nicotiana tabacum ’Xanthi-nc.’ The liquid culture method also reduces cost by using less media and agar.Key words: Machines, in vitro, propagation, liquid-media

Isolation of an Aureobasidium pullulans polysaccharide that promotes adhesion of blastospores to water-borne paints

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 954-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stig L Bardage ◽  
Jonny Bjurman
Keyword(s):  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Liquid Cultures ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Culture Extract ◽  
Water Borne

A polysaccharide composed of maltotriose units was isolated from a liquid culture of Aureobasidium pullulans (De Bary) Arnaud blastospores incubated for 4 h, by precipitation with tetrahydrofuran on solvent-resistant membranes. The concentration of polysaccharide obtained from the liquid cultures after incubation of approximately 106 spores/mL was estimated to be 2 μg/mL of culture filtrate. This polysaccharide seems to be pullulan, as judged by degradation with pullulanase. Newly harvested blastospores resuspended in water did not adhere to the surface of painted wood. However, suspensions of purified culture extract enhanced the adhesion of newly harvested blastospores to the surface of painted wood. It is therefore concluded that pullulan is released by blastospores and contributes to the adhesion of blastospores to surfaces.Key words: adhesion, spores, polysaccharide, pullulan, coatings, blue stain.

Behavior in tissue culture of nitrogen-fixing root nodules of Ceanothus integerrimus

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 1121-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
George S. Ellmore ◽  
Ruth Strand ◽  
W. M. Laetsch
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Root Nodule ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Cell Cytoplasm ◽  
Host Cell Cytoplasm ◽  
Agar Media

This study documents the in vitro growth of N2-fixing root nodules from the dicotyledonous shrub Ceanothus integerrimus (Rhamnaceae). Root nodule lobes were removed from cultivated plants, surface sterilized, and cultured on agar media containing varied amounts of nitrogen (N). Uninfected cells inside the cultured nodules divide and form a callus which is visible after 7 days of growth. Cells infected by the N2-fixing actinomycete do not divide, but rather degenerate. Host cell cytoplasm disappears and organelles and the plasma membrane are no longer seen under the electron microscope. Endophyte structure also deteriorates. Nucleoid areas within the terminal vesicles become diffuse. Cross walls separating vesicles from the hyphae disappear and cytoplasm of the hyphae withdraws from the actinomycete wall. Ceanothus nodules readily form callus in tissue culture. Callus proliferates from uninfected cortical parenchyma outside the infection zone. The callus is free of living endophyte and is incapable of fixing N2 as measured by acetylene reduction. Nodule tissue growth in vitro is more vigorous on media with high N than on N-deficient media.

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