Release of Ni and Co by microbial activity in New Caledonian ultramafic soils

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Amir ◽  
René Pineau
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Ultramafic Soils ◽  
Metal Release ◽  
Release Process ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Ultramafic Soil ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Native Microflora ◽  
Amended Soil

A high positive correlation was found between extractable Ni and Co contents and microbial activity of 40 ultramafic soil samples from New Caledonia, suggesting a possible role of microorganisms in the release of these two metals. A saprolite (ultramafic subsoil) and a hypermagnesian brown soil were incubated 9 months in different conditions. Ni and Co release, measured by their extractability, occurred without reduction of soil pH but did not occur when the native microflora was eliminated by heat treatment. However, when autoclaved soil was re-inoculated with a pinch of the same nonheated soil, the release of metals was recorded. The concentrations of extractable Ni and Co were much higher in soils amended with organic compounds in which microbial activity was enhanced, but only if the soil was not heat treated. The presence of Grevillea exul, a metal-tolerant plant, stimulated the metal release process, but the stimulation was less effective than it was in the compost-amended soil without plant. The influence of the plant in extractable Ni and Co contents in this amended soil was not significant. The release of the two metals therefore seemed to be induced by the activity of specialized organotrophic microorganisms.Key words: Co, Ni, metal release, microbial activity, ultramafic soils.

Relationships between extractable Ni, Co, and other metals and some microbiological characteristics of different ultramafic soils from New Caledonia

Soil Research ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Amir ◽  
René Pineau
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Ultramafic Soils ◽  
Ultramafic Soil ◽  
High Metal Content ◽  
Microbial Density ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Highly Correlated

New Caledonian ultramafic soils have relatively high metal content, which normally induces toxicity in plants and microflora. The relationships between extractable metal concentrations, especially Ni and Co, and different microbiological factors were analysed by statistical methods. For this purpose, some physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of 40 ultramafic soil samples were estimated: organic carbon, pH, extractable metals (Ni, Co, Fe, Mn and Mg), microbial density, total microbial activity and percentage of microorganisms tolerant to Ni. Total, partial, and multiple correlation analyses are reported. The release of metals (measured by their extractablity) into these soils appeared to be related to microbial activity; the link with pH was not clear. A laboratory experiment confirmed the role of the microflora in the release of Ni and Co, which were not previously known to be released by microbial processes in soil. The percentage of microorganisms tolerant to Ni was highly correlated to the extractable concentration of this metal in the soils.

Revision of Pichonia (Sapotaceae) in New Caledonia

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Swenson ◽  
Jérôme Munzinger
Keyword(s):  
New Caledonia ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Ultramafic Soils ◽  
Humid Forest ◽  
Ultramafic Soil ◽  
Canopy Tree ◽  
The North ◽  
One New Species ◽  
Small Genus

Pichonia Pierre (Sapotaceae, Chrysophylloideae) is a small genus of 10 species in Australasia, of which seven are endemic to New Caledonia. We revise the genus for New Caledonia and describe one new species (P. grandiflora), resurrect another (P. dubia) and make two new combinations because of nomenclatural priority (P. balansae, P. deplanchei). P. balansae has been known for decades as P. calomeris, a name that in fact has never been validly published. The members are mainly found in Grande Terre, the main island of New Caledonia, but two species extend to Belep Islands in the north and to Isle of Pines in the south of the archipelago. Most grow in maquis vegetation at low altitudes, on ultramafic soils, preferably serpentinite. The exceptions are P. balansana, confined to limestone areas, and P. dubia that is a large canopy tree of the humid forest on ultramafic soil. Pichonia is distinguished by a character combination of an areolate higher venation, staminodes, a single-seeded fruit, plano-convex cotyledons and absence of endosperm. Because of being restricted to ultramafic soils, they are subsequently sensitive to present and future mining activities in New Caledonia. Hence, preliminary IUCN Red List assessments for all members are provided. P. balansana, P. daenikeri and P. lecomtei are all naturally uncommon, do not occur in any protected area and are proposed the IUCN status of Vulnerable. The herein described species P. grandiflora is rare in nature, known only from the Boulinda–Paéoua–Kopéto Mountains, and is in urgent need of protection. It is therefore assigned a preliminary status of Endangered.

scholarly journals Cell membrane damage and protein interaction induced by copper containing nanoparticles—Importance of the metal release process

Toxicology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 313 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna L. Karlsson ◽  
Pontus Cronholm ◽  
Yolanda Hedberg ◽  
Malin Tornberg ◽  
Laura De Battice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Protein Interaction ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Metal Release ◽  
Release Process ◽  
Cell Membrane Damage

Determination of Thermal Inactivation Kinetics of Microorganisms with a Continuous Microflow Apparatus

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 2560-2564 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. LOSS ◽  
J. H. HOTCHKISS
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Inactivation Kinetics ◽  
Weibull Function ◽  
Stainless Steel Capillary ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Native Microflora ◽  
Kinetics Of

Use of a continuous microflow submerged microcoil (CSMC) apparatus was compared with the capillary tube (CT) method for measuring the thermal inactivation kinetics of Pseudomonas fluorescens at 61°C for 3 to 29 s. Inocula were continuously pumped through a microbore (≤0.0762 cm inside diameter) thin-walled stainless steel capillary tube submerged in a heated oil bath. The heating time was set by changing the flow rate, tube dimensions, or both. With the use of microthermo-couples, the time for the inocula to reach within 1°C of the set temperature was <3 s, and shorter than that with capillary tubes or vials. Inactivation curves (61°C) for P. fluorescens prepared by the CSMC method were not different from curves prepared by the CT method, as determined by analysis of variance (P > 0.05). Inactivation of Bacillus cereus spores (105°C) and native microflora found in raw milk (72°C) over heating times of 3 to 42 s were determined by CSMC. CSMC can measure thermal inactivation kinetics of microorganisms efficiently and simply at high temperatures and in short times. Survivors can be enumerated in 1-ml volumes of heat-treated samples, making it useful for determining inactivation kinetics of low numbers of microorganisms, such as those found in high-quality raw milk. Inactivation kinetics were generally more accurately described by the Weibull function (R2 ≥ 0.97) than the linear kinetic model.

Influence of Poultry Litter Amendment Type and Irrigation Events on Survival and Persistence of Salmonella Newport

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 821-828
Author(s):  
JUNE TEICHMANN ◽  
PUSHPINDER KAUR LITT ◽  
MANAN SHARMA ◽  
ESMOND NYARKO ◽  
KALMIA E. KNIEL
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Salmonella Newport ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Raw Poultry ◽  
Determine Moisture Content ◽  
Amended Soil

ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Newport is a bacterial foodborne pathogen isolated from several environmental reservoirs on the Delmarva Peninsula and has been associated with several produce-related outbreaks. However, little is known about specific interactions between Salmonella Newport and soil amendments used as fertilizers. The purpose of this study was to determine Salmonella Newport persistence and resuscitation in raw poultry litter (PLR), a common biological soil amendment, and in soils containing poultry litter–based (heat-treated poultry pellets [HTPP]) or chemical fertilizer (urea [U]) amendments to provide equivalent levels of nitrogen to the soil. Inoculated samples were stored in a growth chamber and irrigated regularly over 4 weeks. Soil samples were collected every week for 4 weeks to determine moisture content and surviving Salmonella Newport populations (log CFU per gram dry weight). Data were analyzed by using a one-way analysis of variance and Student's t test. The PLR supported significantly higher (5.07 log CFU/g dry weight [gdw]) populations of Salmonella Newport than HTPP only (1.70 log CFU/gdw). However, PLR-amended (PLRA) soil (2.5 log CFU/gdw) samples had significantly (P < 0.05) lower Salmonella Newport populations compared with HTPP-amended (4.5 log CFU/gdw) and U-amended (4.0 log CFU/gdw) soil samples. The effect of irrigation on Salmonella Newport population levels in PLRA soils was significant, and in a comparative study, the overall increase in the pathogen levels in U-amended soil (mean = 1.12 log CFU/gdw) was significantly greater than that in PLRA soil (mean = 0.54 log CFU/gdw), whereas that in HTPP-amended soil (0.80 log CFU/gdw) was not significantly different from PLRA soil. HIGHLIGHTS

The flora of ultramafic soils in the Australia–Pacific Region: state of knowledge and research priorities

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony van der Ent ◽  
Tanguy Jaffré ◽  
Laurent L'Huillier ◽  
Neil Gibson ◽  
Roger D. Reeves
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Ultramafic Soils ◽  
High Concentration

In the Australia–Pacific Region ultramafic outcrops are both widespread and extensive, covering thousands of km2. Soils derived from ultramafic bedrock impose edaphic challenges and are widely known to host highly distinctive floras with high levels of endemism. In the Australia–Pacific Region, the ultramafics of the island of New Caledonia are famed for harbouring 2150 species of vascular plants of which 83% are endemic. Although the ultramafic outcrops in Western Australia are also extensive and harbour 1355 taxa, only 14 species are known to be endemic or have distributions centred on ultramafics. The ultramafic outcrops in New Zealand and Tasmania are small and relatively species-poor. The ultramafic outcrops in Queensland are much larger and host 553 species of which 18 (or possibly 21) species are endemic. Although New Caledonia has a high concentration of Ni hyperaccumulator species (65), only one species from Western Australia and two species from Queensland have so far been found. No Ni hyperaccumulator species are known from Tasmania and New Zealand. Habitat destruction due to forest clearing, uncontrolled fires and nickel mining in New Caledonia impacts on the plant species restricted to ultramafic soils there. In comparison with the nearby floras of New Guinea and South-east Asia, the flora of the Australia–Pacific Region is relatively well studied through the collection of a large number of herbarium specimens. However, there is a need for studies on the evolution of plant lineages on ultramafic soils especially regarding their distinctive morphological characteristics and in relation to hyperaccumulation.

scholarly journals Inability to accumulate Ni in a genus of hyperaccumulators: the paradox of Odontarrhena sibirica (Brassicaceae)

Planta ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 252 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Bettarini ◽  
Ilaria Colzi ◽  
Cristina Gonnelli ◽  
Luigia Pazzagli ◽  
Roger D. Reeves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Ultramafic Soils ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
Ultramafic Soil ◽  
Ni Accumulation ◽  
Accumulation Ability ◽  
Response Traits

Abstract Main conclusion Odontarrhena is a highly diverse genus of Ni-hyperaccumulators. Here, we demonstrate substantial inability to accumulate Ni in the facultative serpentinophyte O. sibirica, which seems a unique case among the numerous species of the genus that grow on ultramafic soils. Abstract Odontarrhena is the most diverse genus of Ni-accumulating plants in W Eurasia, with most taxa growing obligatorily or facultatively on ultramafic soils. A notable exception may be O. sibirica, a facultative serpentinophyte from the E Mediterranean and W Asia in which accumulation ability is still enigmatic. We addressed this issue using observational and experimental methods. Atomic Absorption Analysis of 33 herbarium specimens and plant and soil samples from seven ultramafic and non-ultramafic sites in Greece revealed shoot Ni values always much lower than 1000 µg g−1, non-significant differences between plants from the two soil types and no relationship with soil pH. Only two Turkish specimens from waste mines had shoot Ni concentration > 1000 µg g−1. The reasons for this deviating result remain obscure, but may be associated with inherent peculiarities of the local populations. When cultivated together with congeneric Ni-accumulating species on the same natural ultramafic soil, only O. sibirica was unable to accumulate the metal. Although plant growth was stimulated in hydroponics at relatively low NiSO4 levels (50–150 µM), as typical for hyperaccumulators, Ni-accumulation occurred only at higher concentrations which had a toxic effect. This peculiar combination of Ni-response traits could be the result of a partial evolutionary loss of ability with respect to all other Ni-accumulating congeneric species. For this, O. sibirica could represent a unique model system for further studies on the evolutionary dynamics, physiological mechanisms and genetic control of metal accumulation and homeostasis.

Survival and Growth of Wild-Type and rpoS-Deficient Salmonella Newport Strains in Soil Extracts Prepared with Heat-Treated Poultry Pellets

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
MANOJ K. SHAH ◽  
RHODEL BRADSHAW ◽  
ESMOND NYARKO ◽  
PATRICIA D. MILLNER ◽  
DEBORAH NEHER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Type ◽  
Soil Extracts ◽  
Nonsterile Soil ◽  
Unamended Soil ◽  
Salmonella Newport ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Maximum Cell ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Cell Densities ◽  
Amended Soil

ABSTRACT Manure runoff can transfer pathogens to farmlands or to water sources, leading to subsequent contamination of produce. Untreated biological soil amendments, like manure, can be contaminated with foodborne pathogens, such as Salmonella Newport, which may lead to transfer of the pathogen to fruits or vegetables. Studies have reported the occurrence and survival of Salmonella in manure or manure slurries. However, data on the survival and growth of Salmonella Newport is lacking in matrices simulating runoff. We quantified the survival and growth of wild-type (WT) Salmonella Newport and rpoS-deficient (ΔrpoS) strains in sterile and nonsterile soil extracts prepared with (amended) or without (unamended) heat-treated poultry pellets at 25°C. Salmonella Newport WT and ΔrpoS populations reached a maximum cell density of 6 to 8 log CFU/mL in 24 to 30 h in amended and unamended soil extracts and remained in stationary phase for up to 4 days. Salmonella Newport in amended soil extracts exhibited a decreased lag phase (λ, 2.87 ± 1.01 h) and greater maximum cell densities (Nmax, 6.84 ± 1.25 CFU/mL) compared with λ (20.10 ± 9.53 h) and Nmax (5.22 ± 0.82 CFU/mL) in unamended soil extracts. In amended soil extract, the ΔrpoS strain had no measurable λ, similar growth rates (μmax) compared with WT, and a lower Nmax compared with the WT strain. Unamended, nonsterile soil extracts did not support the growth of Salmonella Newport WT and led to a decline in populations for the ΔrpoS strain. Salmonella Newport had lower cell densities in nonsterile soil extracts (5.94 ± 0.95 CFU/mL) than it did in sterile soil extracts (6.66 ± 1.50 CFU/mL), potentially indicating competition for nutrients between indigenous microbes and Salmonella Newport. The most favorable growth conditions were provided by amended sterile and nonsterile soil extracts, followed by sterile, unamended soil extracts for both Salmonella Newport strains. Salmonella Newport may grow to greater densities in amended extracts, providing a route for increased Salmonella levels in the growing environments of produce.

scholarly journals Ultramafic soils and species sorting in the flora of New Caledonia

2010 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 1108-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohan Pillon ◽  
Jérôme Munzinger ◽  
Hamid Amir ◽  
Michel Lebrun
Keyword(s):  
New Caledonia ◽  
Ultramafic Soils ◽  
Species Sorting
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