Revision of Pichonia (Sapotaceae) in New Caledonia

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Swenson ◽  
Jérôme Munzinger
Keyword(s):  
New Caledonia ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Ultramafic Soils ◽  
Humid Forest ◽  
Ultramafic Soil ◽  
Canopy Tree ◽  
The North ◽  
One New Species ◽  
Small Genus

Pichonia Pierre (Sapotaceae, Chrysophylloideae) is a small genus of 10 species in Australasia, of which seven are endemic to New Caledonia. We revise the genus for New Caledonia and describe one new species (P. grandiflora), resurrect another (P. dubia) and make two new combinations because of nomenclatural priority (P. balansae, P. deplanchei). P. balansae has been known for decades as P. calomeris, a name that in fact has never been validly published. The members are mainly found in Grande Terre, the main island of New Caledonia, but two species extend to Belep Islands in the north and to Isle of Pines in the south of the archipelago. Most grow in maquis vegetation at low altitudes, on ultramafic soils, preferably serpentinite. The exceptions are P. balansana, confined to limestone areas, and P. dubia that is a large canopy tree of the humid forest on ultramafic soil. Pichonia is distinguished by a character combination of an areolate higher venation, staminodes, a single-seeded fruit, plano-convex cotyledons and absence of endosperm. Because of being restricted to ultramafic soils, they are subsequently sensitive to present and future mining activities in New Caledonia. Hence, preliminary IUCN Red List assessments for all members are provided. P. balansana, P. daenikeri and P. lecomtei are all naturally uncommon, do not occur in any protected area and are proposed the IUCN status of Vulnerable. The herein described species P. grandiflora is rare in nature, known only from the Boulinda–Paéoua–Kopéto Mountains, and is in urgent need of protection. It is therefore assigned a preliminary status of Endangered.

Two new species from the Ile des Pins (New Caledonia), and a not so new species from Grande Terre (New Caledonia)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 349 (3) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
ULRICH MEVE ◽  
GILDAS GÂTEBLÉ ◽  
SIGRID LIEDE-SCHUMANN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Corolla Tube ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Ultramafic Soil ◽  
Iucn Red List Assessment ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Floral Characters ◽  
One New Species

Two New Caledonian endemics of Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae, predominantly natives of the Ile des Pins, an island south of New Caledonia known for its high microendemism, are here described as new to science. One new species, Heterostemma bicanthaceum (Ceropegieae), is related to H. acuminatum Decne. but differs remarkably in a number of floral characters such as a raised central corolla tube, and a dull purple-brown and wrinkled corona with expanded lateral appendages forming coronal rail-like structures. The other species described and illustrated, Marsdenia kuniensis (Marsdenieae), is sister to Marsdenia dognyensis from the Grande Terre. Its fleshy whitish to rose corolla with the tube closely encircling the corona as well as protruding and deltoid corona lobes broader than long distinguish the new species. These two species are restricted to calcareous forests and a preliminary IUCN red list assessment is proposed. Additionally, the name Marsdenia neomicrostoma is proposed for a species whose members have hitherto mostly been listed under the name Marsdenia microstoma, a name that has to be considered as nomen dubium after its type has been lost. The species is a typical element of ultramafic soil vegetation, and therefore widespread on Grande Terre but missing on the Ile des Pins.

Revision of Pycnandra subgenus Pycnandra (Sapotaceae), a genus endemic to New Caledonia

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Swenson ◽  
Jérôme Munzinger
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Ultramafic Soils ◽  
Humid Forest ◽  
Main Island ◽  
New Subgenus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Conservation Assessments

Pycnandra Benth. is a member of the pantropical family Sapotaceae (Chrysophylloideae) and the Niemeyera complex, a group that is found in Australia and New Caledonia. Generic limits in the complex have been problematic and Pycnandra is here given a circumscription to include the entire clade that is restricted to New Caledonia. Several lineages are therefore relegated to the subgeneric level that will subsequently be revised. In a first step, we revise P. subgenus Pycnandra with 12 recognised species, of which seven (P. atrofusca, P. cylindricarpa, P. glaberrima, P. linearifolia, P. longipetiolata, P. paucinervia and P. viridiflora) are described as new. Subgenus Pycnandra is endemic to Grande Terre, the main island of New Caledonia. The members grow in a wide range of habitats from dry maquis vegetation to moist humid forest, from sea level to the higher massif, and on ultramafic soils to schist and greywacke. Diagnostic characters for Pycnandra include absence of staminodes, a single-seeded fruit, plano-convex cotyledons and lack of endosperm. A glabrous ovary is a useful character distinguishing P. subgenus Pycnandra from the congeners, although there are two exceptions. P. viridiflora is included in the subgenus even though it has a pubescent ovary and Ochrothallus wagapensis is excluded despite a glabrous ovary. Because of past and present mining and logging activities in New Caledonia, conservation assessments are urgently needed. Preliminary IUCN Red List assessments are here provided for all members of the subgenus Pycnandra. Three species (P. longipetiolata, P. paniensis and P. paucinervia) are proposed the IUCN status Endangered and another (P. viridiflora) is proposed to be Critically Endangered.

Taxonomic revision of Pycnandra subgenus Trouettia (Sapotaceae), with six new species from New Caledonia

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Swenson ◽  
Jérôme Munzinger
Keyword(s):  
New Caledonia ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Ultramafic Soils ◽  
Humid Forest ◽  
Main Island ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Conservation Assessments

Pycnandra (Sapotaceae, Chrysophylloideae) is endemic to New Caledonia, with ~60 species, and is subdivided into five (or six) subgenera. Here, we revise P. subg. Trouettia and recognise 17 species of which six (P. bourailensis, P. caeruleilatex, P. confusa, P. elliptica, P. pubiflora and P. sessiliflora) are described as new and provide 10 new combinations. The subgenus is found only in Grande Terre, the main island of New Caledonia. The members occur in a wide range of habitats, from dry maquis vegetation to moist humid forest, from sea level to the higher massif, and all species except P. bourailensis and P. sarlinii are restricted to ultramafic soils. Pycnandra is characterised by the absence of staminodes, a single-seeded fruit, plano-convex cotyledons and the absence of endosperm. Pycnandra subg. Trouettia is distinguished on a character combination of several homoplastic features such as alternate and tomentulose leaves, pubescent ovary and a broad seed scar. The corolla is tomentulose on the outer surface of six species, a character shared with one species in P. subg. Achradotypus. Because of past and present mining activities in New Caledonia and because these species are restricted to habitats on ultramafic soils, conservation assessments are urgently needed. Preliminary IUCN Red List assessments are provided for all members of subg. Trouettia. Six taxa (P. deplanchei subsp. deplanchei, P. deplanchei subsp. floribunda, P. intermedia, P. obscurinerva, P. sarlinii, P. sessiliflora) are proposed the IUCN status of Vulnerable; P. caeruleilatex, P. elliptica and P. schmidii are considered to be Endangered, and the two species P. bourailensis and P. confusa are proposed to be listed as Critically Endangered.

Revision of Pycnandra subgenus Achradotypus (Sapotaceae), with five new species from New Caledonia

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Swenson ◽  
Jérôme Munzinger
Keyword(s):  
New Caledonia ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Corolla Lobe ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
New Members ◽  
Infrageneric Classification ◽  
Humid Forest ◽  
Leaf Venation ◽  
Wide Range

Pycnandra is a genus of Sapotaceae (Chrysophylloideae), restricted to New Caledonia, and includes ~60 species. The genus is a member of the monophyletic Niemeyera complex of Australia and New Caledonia and it is characterised by the lack of staminodes and a fruit containing a single seed, plano-convex cotyledons and absence of endosperm. In New Caledonia, several segregate genera have been recognised, but weak cladistic support for these groups and homoplasious morphology renders a narrow generic concept untenable. Instead, a broad generic circumscription of Pycnandra with an infrageneric classification recognising the subgenera Achradotypus, Leptostylis, Pycnandra, Sebertia and Trouettia results in a stable nomenclature. Here we revise Pycnandra subg. Achradotypus that includes 14 species, of which five (P. belepensis, P. blaffartii, P. bracteolata, P. glabella, and P. ouaiemensis) are described as new. Members of subg. Achradotypus are distinguished from other subgenera on the basis of a character combination of two stamens opposite each corolla lobe (except P. litseiflora), glabrous leaves (except P. belepensis and P. decandra), a distinctive reticulate tertiary leaf venation (except P. comptonii), and sepal-like bracts that often are borne along the pedicel. All species are restricted to Grande Terre except for P. decandra, whose distribution also extends to nearby Art Island (Belep Islands), and P. belepensis, which is endemic to that same island. The members grow in a wide range of vegetation types from dry maquis to humid forest, from sea level to the highest mountain massif, and on ultramafic soils to schist and greywacke (not limestone). Because of past and present threats such as mining, logging and fire, preliminary IUCN Red List assessments are provided for all species. Five taxa (P. chartacea, P. decandra subsp. decandra, P. glabella, P. litseiflora, and P. neocaledonica) are proposed the IUCN status Endangered, and P. belepensis and P. ouaiemensis are proposed to be Critically Endangered. We suggest that some locations where these species occur should be given protection in the form of nature reserves.

A New Micro-Endemic Species of Alectryon (Sapindaceae) from Koghis Forest, New Caledonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-162
Author(s):  
Jérôme Munzinger ◽  
Porter P. Lowry ◽  
Martin W. Callmander ◽  
Sven Buerki
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Pacific Island ◽  
Humid Forest ◽  
Iucn Red List Categories ◽  
Red List Categories

Abstract—The new species Alectryon hirsutus is described from New Caledonia. It is distinguished from the only other member of the genus occurring on this southwest Pacific island, A. carinatus, by its uniformly densely hirsute indumentum (vs. glabrous or with short, appressed trichomes) as well as features of its leaves [(2‐)3‐5 pairs of leaflets vs. 1‐2]) and fruits (9‐16 × 16‐28 mm vs. 5.6‐13 × 5.7‐10.6 mm), along with its presence in dense humid forest (vs. sclerophyllous or lowland dry forest). A preliminary conservation status of Critically Endangered [CR] is suggested following IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.

Revision of Pycnandra subgenus Leptostylis and description of subgenus Wagapensia (Sapotaceae), a genus endemic to New Caledonia

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Munzinger ◽  
Ulf Swenson
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Ultramafic Soil ◽  
Leafy Shoots ◽  
Sclerophyllous Forests

The genus Pycnandra Benth. (Sapotaceae, Chrysophylloideae) is endemic to New Caledonia with 66 known species and is subdivided in six subgenera. We have earlier revised four of these subgenera and here continue with P. subgenus Leptostylis and describe P. subgenus Wagapensia. Subgenus Leptostylis is distinguished mainly by its opposite leaves and four sepals, and includes eight species, of which two are described as new (P. amplexicaulis and P. sclerophylla). Two species, P. longiflora and P. micrantha, are assumed extinct because extensive fieldwork has not been able to relocate the plants. Variation in leaf morphology was observed in Leptostylis gatopensis, which is by consequence considered as synonym of Pycnandra filipes. Two additional taxa belong to this subgenus, but cannot presently be described because sufficient fertile material is unavailable. Subgenus Wagapensia is monotypic and readily distinguished on the basis of its subverticillate leaves and leafy shoots usually borne beneath apical clusters of leaves, a character common in Sapotaceae but unique in Pycnandra. The members of P. subgenus Leptostylis occur mainly in maquis vegetation or sclerophyllous forests on ultramafic soil, but three taxa are confined to calcareous areas. Mining activities in New Caledonian ultramafic areas are extensive and because some of these species are naturally rare, IUCN Red List assessments are provided to all species. Pycnandra grandifolia and P. wagapensis are assigned the IUCN status Vulnerable, P. amplexicaulis and P. sclerophylla are considered Endangered, P. filipes subspecies multiflora and P. goroensis are considered to be Critically Endangered, whereas P. micrantha and P. longiflora appear to be extinct.

Release of Ni and Co by microbial activity in New Caledonian ultramafic soils

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Amir ◽  
René Pineau
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Ultramafic Soils ◽  
Metal Release ◽  
Release Process ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Ultramafic Soil ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Native Microflora ◽  
Amended Soil

A high positive correlation was found between extractable Ni and Co contents and microbial activity of 40 ultramafic soil samples from New Caledonia, suggesting a possible role of microorganisms in the release of these two metals. A saprolite (ultramafic subsoil) and a hypermagnesian brown soil were incubated 9 months in different conditions. Ni and Co release, measured by their extractability, occurred without reduction of soil pH but did not occur when the native microflora was eliminated by heat treatment. However, when autoclaved soil was re-inoculated with a pinch of the same nonheated soil, the release of metals was recorded. The concentrations of extractable Ni and Co were much higher in soils amended with organic compounds in which microbial activity was enhanced, but only if the soil was not heat treated. The presence of Grevillea exul, a metal-tolerant plant, stimulated the metal release process, but the stimulation was less effective than it was in the compost-amended soil without plant. The influence of the plant in extractable Ni and Co contents in this amended soil was not significant. The release of the two metals therefore seemed to be induced by the activity of specialized organotrophic microorganisms.Key words: Co, Ni, metal release, microbial activity, ultramafic soils.

Conservation status of New Caledonia palms

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-C. Pintaud ◽  
T. Jaffré ◽  
J.-M. Veillon
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Iucn Red List Categories ◽  
Area Of Occupancy ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
Red List Categories ◽  
Herbarium Collections

An assessment of the conservation status of the palm species occuring in New Caledonia is provided, based on the new IUCN Red List categories. To determine the conservation status of each species, their extent of occurrence was determined using locality data on herbarium collections. Area of occupancy, number of adults, regeneration, and threats were evaluated on 62 localities throughout the Territory, including all types of palm habitats and all localities of species occurring at less than five sites. Among the 37 palm species known in New Caledonia, all are endemic and 13 are in a threatened category, including four critically endangered, one endangered, and eight vulnerable. Only four of the threatened species are represented in a reserve. Six species are listed as LRcd since they are adequately protected in a reserve despite an acute restriction of their range. Recommendations are given to improve the network of protected areas to include more threatened species.

A revision and recircumscription of Begonia Section Pilderia including one new species

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 307 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. MOONLIGHT ◽  
A. JARA-MUÑOZ
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Amazonas State ◽  
One New Species ◽  
A New Species

Novel phylogenetic data is used to show that the poorly-known species Begonia glandulifera and Begonia mariannensis form a clade with Begonia buddleiifolia, the type species of Begonia section Pilderia. A unique combination of characters is identified in this group and used to re-circumscribe the section to include these species, and two morphologically similar species: Begonia jenmanii, and Begonia humilliana. A new species is described herein as Begonia tepuiensis sp. nov. from a single tepui in the Amazonas State of Venezuela. A full taxonomic revision and key to the species of Begonia section Pilderia is presented and we assign all species to IUCN Red List categories.ResumenSe usaron nuevos datos filogenéticos para mostrar que las especies pobremente conocidas: Begonia glandulifera y Begonia mariannensis forman un clado con Begonia buddleiifolia, la especie tipo de Begonia sección Pilderia. Se identificaron una combinación única de caracteres en este grupo, que fueron usados para re-circunscribir la sección incluyendo estas especies, y dos especies morfológicamente similares: Begonia jenmanii y Begonia humilliana. Se describe una nueva especie, Begonia tepuiensis sp. nov. de un tepui en el estado Amazonas de Venezuela. Se presenta también una revisión taxonómica completa y una clave para las especies de Begonia sección Pilderia y asignamos todas las especies a categorías de la Lista Roja de la UICN. 

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