scholarly journals THE CONDUCTANCES OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF LITHIUM CHLORATE AT 25.00 °C. AND AT 131.8 °C.

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1004-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Campbell ◽  
W. G. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Relative Viscosity ◽  
Specific Conductance ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Equivalent Conductance ◽  
Versus Concentration

The conductances, densities, and viscosities of aqueous solutions of lithium chlorate have been obtained over the complete range of concentration at 131.8 °C. and up to saturation (and somewhat beyond) at 25.00 °C. The curve of specific conductance versus concentration passes through a maximum which does not shift noticeably in composition with change in temperature. There are no minima on the curves of equivalent conductance versus concentration. The relative viscosity of the solutions decreases with rise in temperature; this is the reverse of the effect usually observed.The experimental results have been compared with the calculated results, obtained by the use of the equations of Wishaw and Stokes and of Falkenhagen.

Properties of Concentrated Solutions of Indium Chloride

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1761-1764
Author(s):  
Alan N. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Molar Volume ◽  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Ionization Constant ◽  
Relative Viscosity ◽  
Specific Conductance ◽  
Concentrated Solutions ◽  
Degree Of Ionization ◽  
Indium Chloride ◽  
Solvent Water ◽  
Equivalent Conductance

Certain properties of concentrated solutions of indium trichloride, ranging in strength from 9.889 to 0.4070 m, have been investigated. These properties are: density, molar volume, specific and equivalent conductance, degree of ionization, ionization constant, relative viscosity, activities, and activity coefficients of solvent water and of solute. Two interesting results emerge, viz., the specific conductance passes through a maximum at 3.5 m, and, if the ionization of indium chloride is treated as that of a binary electrolyte, the expression α2c/(1 − α) is constant within 10% over the range 6.267 to 0.7363 m (13.90 to 2.122 N).

Shear degradation resistance of star poly(ethyleneimine) - polyacrylamides during elongational flow

e-Polymers ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Duan ◽  
Shenwen Fang ◽  
Liehui Zhang ◽  
Fuxiao Wang ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Rate ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Relative Viscosity ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Elongational Flow ◽  
Exponential Dependence ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Shear Stability ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Shear Degradation

AbstractAn experimental study of the flow-induced scission behaviour of four star hydrolyzed polyacrylamides (HPMA) with different arms during planar elongational flow in a cross-slot flow cell is described. The results showed that the shear stability of linear HPAM in distilled water was not essentially different from star HPAM. Polymer scission was not observed in either system in a shear rate range from 20,000 to 100,000s-1, which can be attributed to the strong polyelectrolyte behaviour of HPAM in distilled water. However, at the same shear rate, the star HPAMs exhibited superior shear stability in comparison to the linear HPAMs in aqueous solutions containing NaCl (CNaCl=0.2-1.0%wt) and, in particular, the initial reduction rate of relative viscosity (R) decreased with the degree of branching of the HPAMs. In addition, it was found that the R of five HPAMs in NaCl aqueous solutions exhibited an exponential dependence on shear rate, in which the coefficient C1 can be used to quantitatively evaluate shear stability. In star HPAM NaCl aqueous solutions, the increase of R with shear rate is very likely due to the decrease of the hydrodynamic radius (Rh) of these HPAMs, while the increase of R with NaCl concentrations can be attributed to the relatively low viscosity of these polymers at high NaCl concentrations.

scholarly journals The Investigation of Effects of Temperature and Nanoparticles Volume Fraction on the Viscosity of Copper Oxide-ethylene Glycol Nanofluids

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hemmat Esfe
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Relative Viscosity ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Nanoparticles Volume Fraction ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Nanofluid Viscosity ◽  
Experimental Values

In the present article, the effects of temperature and nanoparticles volume fraction on the viscosity of copper oxide-ethylene glycol nanofluid have been investigated experimentally. The experiments have been conducted in volume fractions of 0 to 1.5 % and temperatures from 27.5 to 50 °C. The shear stress computed by experimental values of viscosity and shear rate for volume fraction of 1% and in different temperatures show that this nanofluid has Newtonian behaviour. The experimental results reveal that in a given volume fraction when temperature increases, viscosity decreases, but relative viscosity varies. Also, in a specific temperature, nanofluid viscosity and relative viscosity increase when volume fraction increases. The maximum amount of increase in relative viscosity is 82.46% that occurs in volume fraction of 1.5% and temperature of 50 °C. Some models of computing nanofluid viscosity have been suggested. The greatest difference between the results obtained from these models and experimental results was down of 4 percent that shows that there is a very good agreement between experimental results and the results obtained from these models.

scholarly journals Photoreduction of Cr(VI) Ions in Aqueous Solutions by UV/ Photocatalytic Processes

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih Ming Ma ◽  
Yung Shuen Shen ◽  
Po Hsiang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Photocatalytic Processes ◽  
Order Kinetic Equation

This study discussed the photoreduction of Cr(VI) ions in aqueous solutions by UV/TiO2photocatalytic processes under various operational factors. Experimental results showed that the removal rate of Cr(VI) increased with decreasing solution pH values and with increasing dosages of organic compounds, indicating that the recombination rate of electrons and h+can be retarded in the reaction systems by the addition of the scavenger, thus raising the reaction rate of Cr(VI). The relationship of the chemical reaction rate of Cr(VI), TiO2dosage, and changes of Cr(VI) concentration was expressed by the pseudo-first-order kinetic equation. Comparing the experimental results of two different doping metals in modified TiO2photoreduction systems, the removal rate of Cr(VI) by the Ag/TiO2process is larger, possibly because the electron transferring ability of Ag is superior to that of Cu. However, the photoreduction rates of Cr(VI) by modified UV/TiO2processes are worse than those by a nonmodified commercial UV/TiO2process.

scholarly journals Acoustic, thermal and optical properties of organic based disodium tartrate salt

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 012-027
Author(s):  
M. Sathish ◽  
K. Venkataramanan ◽  
R. Padmanaban ◽  
Helan Ruth ◽  
K. Vadivel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Ultrasonic Velocity ◽  
Relative Viscosity ◽  
Adiabatic Compressibility ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Wada’S Constant ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Solvent Molecules

In this work, acoustic, thermal, and optical properties were tested on the different concentrations of the Disodium Tartrate solutions. First, the viscosity studies were analyzed for the Disodium tartrate in the concentration range from 2% to 20% with different temperatures 303K, 308K, 313K, and 318K. It was noted that the relative viscosity and the activation energy of the prepared compound increase with increases in concentration and decreases with temperature increases. The properties like density and ultrasonic velocity are varied when increases the concentration of the aqueous solutions of Disodium Tartrate. In this study, the values of adiabatic compressibility show an inverse behavior when compared with ultrasonic velocity due to the interaction between solute and solvent molecules. Also observed that the inter-molecular free length is maximum for a lower percentage. The free volume for the compound is maximum at 2% and a minimum of 20%, since it reduces when the internal pressure increases. It was revealed that the classical absorption coefficient and relaxation time for Disodium Tartrate is minimum for lower percentage and minimum for a higher percentage. The interactions between the solute and solvent are confirmed through the property like specific Acoustical impedance. It was noted that the increase in internal pressure increases the concentration of the compound. The ion-solvent interaction was discussed by the relative association study, thus the values of relative association increases with an increase in concentration. The Rao’s and Wada’s constant increases linearly in aqueous solutions of Disodium Tartrate for the entire system.

Adsorption of Methylene Blue on Modified Bentonite

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 2380-2383
Author(s):  
Li Xia Li ◽  
Xin Dong Zhai
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Adsorption Kinetics ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Batch Process ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Modified Bentonite ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

Modified bentonite was used as adsorbent for the methylene blue adsorption in a batch process. Experimental results show that the adsorption kinetics is well described by pseudo-second-order model and the equilibrium data was better represented by the Freundlich isotherm model. The results revealed that the modified bentonite has the potential to be used as a good adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions.

Chemistry of rhenium as an analogue of technetium: Experimental studies of the dissolution of rhenium oxides in aqueous solutions

2003 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kim ◽  
J. Boulègue
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Thermodynamic Data ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Radioactive Element ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Dissolution Behavior ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Very High ◽  
Chemical Analogue

SummaryThe migration of fissiogenic Tc into the environment can be predicted by studying the dissolution behavior of Re, a chemical analogue of Tc, avoiding the use of a radioactive element at high concentration. We developed a series of experimental studies of the solubility of Re oxides under various oxidation states (+VII, +IV, and +III), in oxidizing and anoxic media, so as to verify the validity of the available thermodynamic data concerning Re. The experimental results confirm that the predictable solubility of Re, under the conditions found in radioactive wastes storage, is very high when in the form of {ReO

DIFFUSION IN MULTICOMPONENT AQUEOUS SYSTEMS

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Lane ◽  
J. S. Kirkaldy
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Relative Viscosity ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Aqueous Systems ◽  
Vacancy Model ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Substitutional Alloys ◽  
Good Agreement

A vacancy model, originally developed for the description of diffusion in substitutional alloys, is modified for application to aqueous solutions, including those containing ionic species. The results obtained with this model are similar to those of two recently published methods for estimating L-coefficients in dilute multicomponent liquid systems.Agreement with experimental L-coefficients at relatively high concentrations can be improved for this model by assuming that the jump probability of a diffusing species is inversely proportional to the relative viscosity of the mixture. Good agreement is then found for some systems up to combined solute concentrations of 3 M.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document