Bio Hydrometallurgical Technology, Application and Process Enhancement

The review is in general try to see some of the major microorganism involved in bioleaching process and studied by different scholars, identify the mechanics and techniques employed to bioleach minerals and factor that enhance or to inhibit the leaching process of microorganism with major reaction taking while bioleaching. Here the methodology and different leaching technique presented with their respected pros and cons, which are commonly employed and reasons behind with justifiable evidences were presented. The values and bioleaching sulfide mineral (copper), precious metal (gold) and radioactive element (uranium) were discussed with some the known producers in the world and finally some highlight given on industrial application of bioleaching.

Beryllium-associated diseases from a chemist’s point of view

Beryllium has long been considered the most toxic non-radioactive element to humans. However, it is shown that the acute toxicity of beryllium ions does not exceed that of other toxic cations like Cd2+, Ba2+, Hg2+ or As3+. The physiological mechanisms liable for the development of beryllium-associated diseases are discussed. Additionally an overview over proposed low-molecular model system for the beryllium species responsible for beryllioses is presented.

TEMPERATURE, PH INDICATOR AND THE ANOMALIES OF THE NATURAL RADIOACTIVE ELEMENT RATIOS OF METASOMATITES IN PRIAMURYE

Based on the airborne geophysical data, the anomalies of the natural radioactive element (NRE) ratio values above a background level are determined for different types of metasomatites in Priamurye. Three characteristics of the anomalies of the NRE ratios and the temperature and pH indicator values are related by a differential equation. A solution of the equation is found in partial derivatives. This dependence describes mathematically the regional metasomatism processes and is graphically displayed in ellipses or degenerated hyperbolas. The established regularities are confirmed by the experimental data. It is shown that a set of the characteristic NRE ratios, and the temperature and pH indicator unambiguously, within the limits of permissible errors, define any type of metasomatites in Priamurye. The derived dependence can be used during the airborne geophysical survey for mapping the regional metasomatic systems, and ore nodes and ore fields. The application of such a technique at the initial stages of mineral prognosis allows us to dramatically increase the reliability of the results and localize perspective areas.

Thinking security through the event: Materiality, politics and publicity in the Litvinenko affair

While the turn towards materiality over the course of the last decade has enriched studies of security in a variety of ways, the security field continues to pose challenges for materially oriented thinking. This article argues that while recent materially oriented work on security has been concerned with events, working through the question of the event as a central analytical strategy is a promising way of addressing such challenges and developing broader insights. The article develops this argument by working through a particular event, the killing of the former Russian security agent Alexander Litvinenko in London in 2006 by means of the radioactive element polonium 210. Approaching the event via the archive and report of the public inquiry that subsequently took place into it, and reflecting further on the utility of Bruno Latour’s idea of dingpolitik for materially oriented work on security, the article explores transformations of materiality, politics and publicity, and draws out how polonium 210 came to figure in the killing and the inquiry as actant, trace and evidence. In conclusion, the article reflects on the conceptual value of working through events and the methodological issues raised in the analysis.