THE VOLATILIZATION OF PLUTONIUM FROM NEUTRON-IRRADIATED URANIUM

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Langmuir Equation ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Ideal Solution ◽  
Raoult’S Law ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Raoult's Law

The volatilization of plutonium from neutron-irradiated uranium has been examined at 1540°, 1650°, and 1769 °C. The observed rates of evaporation of plutonium have been compared with calculated rates based on the Langmuir equation and Raoult’s law. Experimental and calculated results agree within the precision of the experimental measurements, indicating that the plutonium in neutron-irradiated uranium follows the ideal solution laws.

THE SYSTEM NAPHTHALENE–p-NITROPHENOL: AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF ALL THE VARIABLES IN AN EQUATION OF THE FREEZING POINT CURVE

1941 ◽  
Vol 19b (3) ◽  
pp. 73-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Campbell ◽  
A. J. R. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Heat Of Fusion ◽  
Heat Of Mixing ◽  
Raoult’S Law ◽  
Compound Formation ◽  
Point Curve ◽  
Freezing Curve ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Raoult's Law

With the object of determining the factors responsible for the inapplicability of the ideal equation of the freezing curve,[Formula: see text]a number of experimental determinations have been carried out on the system naphthalene–p-nitrophenol. These were: (i) specific heat, (ii) heat of fusion, (iii) heat of mixing, (iv) vapour pressure, (v) vapour composition, (vi) density, (vii) surface tension, (viii) viscosity.The conclusion is arrived at that the discrepancy is due principally to the invalidity of Raoult's law in this case. Since the deviation is positive with respect to both components, it cannot be ascribed to compound formation in solution. Apart from the deviation from Raoult's law, the solution does not exhibit marked abnormality.The data obtained also permit of the complete, or almost complete, construction of the p–t–x model for this system.

THE SYSTEM NAPHTHALENE-BENZENE CONSIDERED AS AN IDEAL SOLUTION

1941 ◽  
Vol 19b (6) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Dipole Moments ◽  
Ideal Solution ◽  
Electric Moment ◽  
Raoult’S Law ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Ideal System ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Raoult's Law

An experimental study of the vapour pressure, and other physical properties, of an ideal system is described. Raoult's law is followed closely by benzene up to high concentrations of naphthalene. Such behaviour may be connected with the smallness of the dipole moments, although that of naphthalene is far from zero. Other physical properties investigated, viz., density, viscosity, and surface tension, show fairly close, but not exact, additive behaviour. In this respect, the behaviour is very similar to that of a system previously investigated, naphthalene–p-nitrophenol, where, however, the partial pressures show marked deviation from Raoult's law: this is in harmony with the (presumed) high electric moment of p-nitrophenol. It appears, in so far as the two systems studied are concerned, that marked deviation from Raoult's law may be associated with high dipole moment, but that this deviation does not necessarily cause any marked deviation from additivity in other physical properties not dependent on vapour pressure.

scholarly journals Malmquist Productivity Index by Extended VIKOR Method Using Interval Numbers

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Fallah ◽  
Amir Mohajeri ◽  
Esmaeil Najafi
Keyword(s):  
Multicriteria Decision Making ◽  
Malmquist Productivity Index ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Ideal Solution ◽  
Vikor Method ◽  
Decision Matrix ◽  
Interval Numbers ◽  
Productivity Rate ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Ideal

The VIKOR method was developed for multicriteria optimization of complex systems. It determines the compromise ranking list and the compromise solution obtained with the given weights. This method focuses on ranking and selecting from a set of alternatives in the presence of conflicting criteria. Here, the VIKOR method is used for two timestandt+1. In order to calculate the progress or regression via Malmquist productivity index, the positive and negative ideals at timestandt+1are calculated first. Then we introduce the multi-criteria ranking index based on the particular measure of “closeness” to the ideal solution and calculate the separation of each alternative from the ideal solution at timestandt+1. Then we use the Malmquist productivity index to calculate the progress or regression of all alternatives. In this paper, productivity of alternatives available in decision matrix with interval numbers and their improvement or deterioration is researched. To achieve this practical goal, use of extended VIKOR is made to calculate Malmquist productivity index for multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) problem with interval numbers, and by applying Malmquist productivity index, productivity rate of growth for alternatives is calculated. Finally, a numerical example illustrates and clarifies the main results developed in this paper.

The entropy of liquid mixtures: I. The theory of Raoult's Law

1941 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Staverman ◽  
J. H. van Santen
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Raoult’S Law ◽  
Raoult's Law

Fuzzy multicriteria decision-making-based optimal Zn–Al alloy selection in corrosive environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (11) ◽  
pp. 953-963
Author(s):  
Ankur V. Bansod ◽  
Awanikumar P. Patil ◽  
Kanak Kalita ◽  
B. D. Deshmukh ◽  
Nilay Khobragade
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Multicriteria Decision Making ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Ideal Solution ◽  
Corrosive Environment ◽  
Multicriteria Decision ◽  
Al Content ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract Suitable material selection with emphasis on a specific property or application is an indispensable part of engineering sciences. It is a complex process that involves multiple criteria and often multiple decision makers. The tendency of decision makers to specify their preference in terms of imprecise qualitative statements like ‘good’, ‘bad’ etc. poses a further challenge. Thus, in this research, a comprehensive multicriteria decision-making study was conducted to select the optimal Zn-Al alloy based on performance in a corrosive environment. Four variants of technique for order of preference by similarity to the ideal solution were used to perform the multicriteria decision-making analysis. Group decision and imprecise decision making is handled by incorporating the fuzzy theory concept in a technique for order of preference by similarity to the ideal solution. The effect of addition of aluminium to zinc was studied by examination of microstructure, hardness, and corrosion behaviour. The result indicates that an increase in Al content increases the formation of dendrites. The dendrites were rich in the α phase, which results in an increase in hardness. An increase in Al content in Zn (Zn-22Al and Zn-55Al) results in the uniform distribution of the a phase in the microstructure and reduction of non-equilibrium phases. The potentiodynamic polarisation test revealed that an increase in Al in the alloy decreases the corrosion current density. The weight loss test carried out to validate the potentiodynamic test findings exhibited higher weight loss in pure Zn and lowest in Zn-55Al. Similar results were observed in the salt spray test. The multicriteria decision-making analysis revealed that Zn-55Al is the most suitable alloy in a corrosive environment among the tested alloys.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document