The role of interactions, sessile growth, and nutrient amendments on the degradative efficiency of a microbial consortium

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 331-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Wolfaardt ◽  
J. R. Lawrence ◽  
R. D. Robarts ◽  
D. E. Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Microbial Consortium ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pure Cultures

A degradative microbial consortium consisting of at least nine bacterial and one algal species was isolated from soil with diclofop methyl as the sole carbon source. In continuous flow culture, the presence of the algae increased diclofop methyl degradation and removal by 36%. Batch culture experiments with 14C-labeled diclofop methyl confirmed algal involvement in the mineralization of diclofop methyl as there was no significant difference in the amount of 14CO2 evolved by the bacterial consortium with and without the algal activity when the consortium was cultivated in the dark to inhibit algal growth, while 11% more 14CO2 was produced in the light by the algal–bacterial consortium. Pure cultures isolated from the bacterial consortium could not individually mineralize diclofop methyl as the sole carbon source. However, when supplied with an additional carbon source, two strains could mineralize diclofop methyl. Addition of either the complex growth medium, or a cell-free filtrate from the algal–bacterial consortium to batch systems containing 14C-labeled diclofop methyl resulted in a significant increase in the production of 14CO2 by the bacterial consortium, suggesting co-metabolism of diclofop methyl in the presence of a labile carbon source. Removal of diclofop methyl by the bacterial consortium was increased by 36% when a larger surface to volume ratio was provided by glass beads that allowed extensive biofilm formation. The requirement for exogenous carbon sources and the inability of isolated pure cultures to degrade diclofop methyl indicated that interspecies interactions are necessary for degradation. The positive effect of sessile growth suggested that spatial organization of cells may also be important for degradation.Key words: consortium, degradation, herbicide, microbial interactions.

scholarly journals Study of a plugging microbial consortium using crude oil as sole carbon source

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Guiwen Yan ◽  
Mingquan An ◽  
Jieli Liu ◽  
Houming Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Microbial Consortium

scholarly journals Toxicity of ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole to marine periphytic algae and bacteria

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Johansson ◽  
Lisa Janmar ◽  
Thomas Backhaus
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Static System ◽  
Utilization Pattern ◽  
Carbon Source Utilization ◽  
Swedish West Coast ◽  
Significant Difference

Ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole are two antibiotics commonly detected in the aquatic environment, but information on their toxicity towards natural microbial communities is largely absent. In particular no data are available for marine microorganisms. Aim of the current study was therefore to evaluate the chronic toxicity of ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole on natural marine biofilms (periphyton), a complex ecological community comprising a variety of bacterial and algal species. The biofilms were sampled along the Swedish west coast and subsequently exposed over 4 days in a semi-static system to a concentration series of each antibiotic. Effects on the bacterial part of the periphyton community were assessed using Biolog Ecoplates, reflecting total respiration and functional diversity of the bacterial community. Exposure to either antibiotic resulted in a clear concentration-response relationship with EC10 and EC50 values for the inhibition of total carbon source utilization of 46.1 nmol/L and 490.7 nmol/L for ciprofloxacin, respectively 56 and 1073 nmol/L for sulfamethoxazole. The NOEC for ciprofloxacin was 26 nmol/L, with a minimum significant difference of 19.24%, for sulfamethoxazole it was 140 nmol/L with a minimum significant difference of 14%. Multivariate data exploration of the whole carbon source utilization pattern confirmed these results. The data indicate that sulfamethoxazole leads to a general decrease in carbon source utilization, while ciprofloxacin exposure leads to a re-arrangement of the carbon-utilization pattern in the region of 20-50% effect. This corresponds with the higher specificity of ciprofloxacin for certain bacterial species. Effects on the algal part of the communities were evaluated by analyzing the amount and composition of photosynthetic pigments, and neither ciprofloxacin nor sulfamethoxazole caused any inhibitory effects up to the maximum tested concentration of 9 000 nmol/L. However, sulfamethoxazole exposure did lead to a significant stimulation (75% above control level) of the total pigment content of the biofilm already at the lowest tested concentration of 5 nmol/L. The stimulation then decreased with increasing concentrations to finally return to control level at 3 000 nmol/L. No shifts in the relative pigment composition were observed, indicating a generally increased algal biomass without major shifts in community composition.

scholarly journals Biodecolourisation of Reactive Red 120 as a Sole Carbon Source by a Bacterial Consortium—Toxicity Assessment and Statistical Optimisation

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2424
Author(s):  
Motharasan Manogaran ◽  
Nur Adeela Yasid ◽  
Ahmad Razi Othman ◽  
Baskaran Gunasekaran ◽  
Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Substrate Availability ◽  
Reactive Red 120 ◽  
Significant Attention

The application of microorganisms in azo dye remediation has gained significant attention, leading to various published studies reporting different methods for obtaining the best dye decolouriser. This paper investigates and compares the role of methods and media used in obtaining a bacterial consortium capable of decolourising azo dye as the sole carbon source, which is extremely rare to find. It was demonstrated that a prolonged acclimation under low substrate availability successfully isolated a novel consortium capable of utilising Reactive Red 120 dye as a sole carbon source in aerobic conditions. This consortium, known as JR3, consists of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain MM01, Enterobacter sp. strain MM05 and Serratia marcescens strain MM06. Decolourised metabolites of consortium JR3 showed an improvement in mung bean’s seed germination and shoot and root length. One-factor-at-time optimisation characterisation showed maximal of 82.9% decolourisation at 0.7 g/L ammonium sulphate, pH 8, 35 °C, and RR120 concentrations of 200 ppm. Decolourisation modelling utilising response surface methodology (RSM) successfully improved decolourisation even more. RSM resulted in maximal decolourisation of 92.79% using 0.645 g/L ammonium sulphate, pH 8.29, 34.5 °C and 200 ppm RR120.

scholarly journals Toxicity of ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole to marine periphytic algae and bacteria

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Johansson ◽  
Lisa Janmar ◽  
Thomas Backhaus
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Static System ◽  
Utilization Pattern ◽  
Carbon Source Utilization ◽  
Swedish West Coast ◽  
Significant Difference

Ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole are two antibiotics commonly detected in the aquatic environment, but information on their toxicity towards natural microbial communities is largely absent. In particular no data are available for marine microorganisms. Aim of the current study was therefore to evaluate the chronic toxicity of ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole on natural marine biofilms (periphyton), a complex ecological community comprising a variety of bacterial and algal species. The biofilms were sampled along the Swedish west coast and subsequently exposed over 4 days in a semi-static system to a concentration series of each antibiotic. Effects on the bacterial part of the periphyton community were assessed using Biolog Ecoplates, reflecting total respiration and functional diversity of the bacterial community. Exposure to either antibiotic resulted in a clear concentration-response relationship with EC10 and EC50 values for the inhibition of total carbon source utilization of 46.1 nmol/L and 490.7 nmol/L for ciprofloxacin, respectively 56 and 1073 nmol/L for sulfamethoxazole. The NOEC for ciprofloxacin was 26 nmol/L, with a minimum significant difference of 19.24%, for sulfamethoxazole it was 140 nmol/L with a minimum significant difference of 14%. Multivariate data exploration of the whole carbon source utilization pattern confirmed these results. The data indicate that sulfamethoxazole leads to a general decrease in carbon source utilization, while ciprofloxacin exposure leads to a re-arrangement of the carbon-utilization pattern in the region of 20-50% effect. This corresponds with the higher specificity of ciprofloxacin for certain bacterial species. Effects on the algal part of the communities were evaluated by analyzing the amount and composition of photosynthetic pigments, and neither ciprofloxacin nor sulfamethoxazole caused any inhibitory effects up to the maximum tested concentration of 9 000 nmol/L. However, sulfamethoxazole exposure did lead to a significant stimulation (75% above control level) of the total pigment content of the biofilm already at the lowest tested concentration of 5 nmol/L. The stimulation then decreased with increasing concentrations to finally return to control level at 3 000 nmol/L. No shifts in the relative pigment composition were observed, indicating a generally increased algal biomass without major shifts in community composition.

scholarly journals Effect of Indigenous Microbial Consortium on Bioleaching of Arsenic from Contaminated Soil by Shewanella putrefaciens

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3286
Author(s):  
Thi Minh Tran ◽  
Hyeop-Jo Han ◽  
Ju-In Ko ◽  
Jong-Un Lee
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Microbial Consortium ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Shewanella Putrefaciens ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Indigenous Bacteria

The effects of indigenous microbial consortium on removal of As from As-contaminated soil using an Fe(III)-reducing bacterium Shewanella putrefaciens were investigated under circumneutral pH condition. Sequential extraction of As revealed that more than 30% of As was associated with Fe(III)-(oxy)hydroxides in the soil. Bioleaching experiments were conducted anaerobically with a supply of lactate as a carbon source. The highest As removal efficiency (57.5%) was obtained when S. putrefaciens and indigenous bacterial consortium coexisted in the soil. S. putrefaciens and indigenous bacteria solely removed 30.1% and 16.4% of As from the soil, respectively. The combination of S. putrefaciens and indigenous bacteria led to a higher amount of labile As after microbial dissolution of Fe(III)-(oxy)hydroxides. After microbial treatment, soil quality represented by pH and organic content appeared to be preserved. The results indicated that the ecological and physiological understanding of the indigenous microbiome might be important for the efficient application of bioleaching technology to remove As from contaminated soils.

scholarly journals A bottom-up approach towards a bacterial consortium for the biotechnological conversion of chitin to l-lysine

2021 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 1547-1561
Author(s):  
Marina Vortmann ◽  
Anna K. Stumpf ◽  
Elvira Sgobba ◽  
Mareike E. Dirks-Hofmeister ◽  
Martin Krehenbrink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Producer Strain ◽  
Chitin Deacetylase ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Crystalline Substrate ◽  
Recombinant Chitinase

AbstractChitin is an abundant waste product from shrimp and mushroom industries and as such, an appropriate secondary feedstock for biotechnological processes. However, chitin is a crystalline substrate embedded in complex biological matrices, and, therefore, difficult to utilize, requiring an equally complex chitinolytic machinery. Following a bottom-up approach, we here describe the step-wise development of a mutualistic, non-competitive consortium in which a lysine-auxotrophic Escherichia coli substrate converter cleaves the chitin monomer N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) into glucosamine (GlcN) and acetate, but uses only acetate while leaving GlcN for growth of the lysine-secreting Corynebacterium glutamicum producer strain. We first engineered the substrate converter strain for growth on acetate but not GlcN, and the producer strain for growth on GlcN but not acetate. Growth of the two strains in co-culture in the presence of a mixture of GlcN and acetate was stabilized through lysine cross-feeding. Addition of recombinant chitinase to cleave chitin into GlcNAc2, chitin deacetylase to convert GlcNAc2 into GlcN2 and acetate, and glucosaminidase to cleave GlcN2 into GlcN supported growth of the two strains in co-culture in the presence of colloidal chitin as sole carbon source. Substrate converter strains secreting a chitinase or a β-1,4-glucosaminidase degraded chitin to GlcNAc2 or GlcN2 to GlcN, respectively, but required glucose for growth. In contrast, by cleaving GlcNAc into GlcN and acetate, a chitin deacetylase-expressing substrate converter enabled growth of the producer strain in co-culture with GlcNAc as sole carbon source, providing proof-of-principle for a fully integrated co-culture for the biotechnological utilization of chitin. Graphical abstract Key Points• A bacterial consortium was developed to use chitin as feedstock for the bioeconomy.• Substrate converter and producer strain use different chitin hydrolysis products.• Substrate converter and producer strain are mutually dependent on each other.

scholarly journals Pandrug-resistant Pseudomonas sp. expresses New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 and consumes ampicillin as sole carbon source

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Kumar Ranjan ◽  
Shriparna Mukherjee ◽  
Subarna Thakur ◽  
Krutika Gupta ◽  
Ranadhir Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp
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