scholarly journals Effect of Indigenous Microbial Consortium on Bioleaching of Arsenic from Contaminated Soil by Shewanella putrefaciens

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3286
Author(s):  
Thi Minh Tran ◽  
Hyeop-Jo Han ◽  
Ju-In Ko ◽  
Jong-Un Lee
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Microbial Consortium ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Shewanella Putrefaciens ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Indigenous Bacteria

The effects of indigenous microbial consortium on removal of As from As-contaminated soil using an Fe(III)-reducing bacterium Shewanella putrefaciens were investigated under circumneutral pH condition. Sequential extraction of As revealed that more than 30% of As was associated with Fe(III)-(oxy)hydroxides in the soil. Bioleaching experiments were conducted anaerobically with a supply of lactate as a carbon source. The highest As removal efficiency (57.5%) was obtained when S. putrefaciens and indigenous bacterial consortium coexisted in the soil. S. putrefaciens and indigenous bacteria solely removed 30.1% and 16.4% of As from the soil, respectively. The combination of S. putrefaciens and indigenous bacteria led to a higher amount of labile As after microbial dissolution of Fe(III)-(oxy)hydroxides. After microbial treatment, soil quality represented by pH and organic content appeared to be preserved. The results indicated that the ecological and physiological understanding of the indigenous microbiome might be important for the efficient application of bioleaching technology to remove As from contaminated soils.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Acid Leaching on the Removal of Heavy Metals and Soil Fertility in Contaminated Soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Yao Chu ◽  
Tzu-Hsing Ko
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Acid Leaching

Heavy metal-contaminated soils were leached with various acid reagents, and a series of treatments was assessed to understand soil fertility after acid leaching. Aqua regia digestion and a five-step sequential extraction procedure were applied to determine heavy metal distribution. The average total concentrations of Zn, Cd, Cu, and Pb for contaminated soil were 1334, 25, 263, and 525 mg·kg−1 based on the ICP/AES quantitative analysis. Other than Pb extracted by H2SO4, over 50% removal efficiency of other heavy metals was achieved. A five-step sequential extraction revealed that the bound-to-carbonate and bound-to-Fe-Mn oxides were the major forms of the heavy metals in the soil. The addition of organic manure considerably promoted soil fertility and increased soil pH after acid leaching. Seed germination experiments demonstrated that after acid leaching, the soil distinctly inhibited plant growth and the addition of manure enhanced seed germination rate from 35% to 84%. Furthermore, the procedure of soil turnover after acid leaching and manure addition greatly increased seed germination rate by 61% and shortened the initial germination time. Seed germination in untreated soil was superior to that in acid-leached soil, illustrating that the phytotoxic effect of acid leaching is more serious than that of heavy metals.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of bioremediation process in hydrocarbon - contaminated soils

2019 ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
Lilija Kalediene ◽  
Grazina Giedraityte ◽  
Rapolas Liuzinas
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Treatment Level ◽  
Bacterial Treatment

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of introduced indigenousbacterial isolates for ex situ bioremediation of fuel oil contaminated soil. For this purposethree hydrocarbon-degrading indigenous bacterial isolates were screened from petroleumoil contaminated soil and repeatedly used for inoculation of fuel oil contaminated soil.The total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) content was determined by gravimetric method,Hydrocarbon fractions (alkanes, aromatics, asphaltenes and resins) present in TPH wereobtained by silica gel column chromatography. The study showed that some introducedbacterial isolates effectively adapted to the contaminated soil. The bioaugmentation effectwas calculated to raise the numbers of bacteria by approximately one order of magnitudefrom the indigenous population at the site. Ex situ study showed that the introducedbacterial consortium effectively adapted to the local environment of the soil at thebioremediation site.Our results indicated that disappearance of TPH from inoculated soil samples dependedon the general soil impurity, term of bacterial treatment, level of TPH contamination andindividual microorganism efficacy. With application of bacterial consortium andfertilizers, the TPH level was reduced to 60 - 66% after three months.

Phyto-Availability of Potentially Toxic Metals in Curcubita ficifolia Grown on Contaminated and Non-Contaminated Soils

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Conrad K. Enenebeaku ◽  
Chidozie N. Anyanwu ◽  
Nnaemeka J. Okorocha ◽  
Uchechi E. Enenebeaku ◽  
Emmanuel Nzediegwu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Potentially Toxic Metals ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Before And After

In order to estimate plant available fraction of metals in two soil samples-contaminated soil (A) and non-contaminated soil (B), a vegetable crop,Curcubita ficifoliawas grown on both soil samples. The matured leaf was harvested and analyzed for its metal concentration after three (3) months of growth. The soil samples were collected before and after planting, digested with acid and analyzed to determine the pseudo total metal concentration and quantification was done using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). To correlate metal accumulation by the vegetable with potential bioavailability of metals in soils, sequential extraction (SE) using the modified BCR technique was performed on the soils. Soil sample B was used for quality control. It was observed that each metal differed considerably in uptake. And theC. ficifoliacultivated on soil sample A had tissue concentrations of Zn, Mn and Cu as follows: 39.6mgkg-1, 18.3mgkg-1and 26.3mgkg-1respectively. Also,C. ficifoliacultivated on soil sample B had a lower absorption of Zn, Mn and Cu with concentrations of 10.21mgkg-1, 9.11mgkg-1, and 7.6mgkg-1respectively. Results of sequential extraction showed that Zn for soil sample A, and Fe for sample B were mostly present in the acid exchangeable and reducible fractions where these metals were mostly taken up.

scholarly journals Removal of Phenol in Batch Culture by Pseudomonas putida AP11, AP9, AP6 and AP7 Isolated from the Aromatic Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. I. Khan ◽  
A. N. M. Fakhruddin ◽  
S. A. Jame ◽  
M.S. Sultana ◽  
M. K. Alam
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Freely Suspended

Phenol widely used in industries, are of growing concern owing to their toxicity and wide distribution in industrial wastes.  The aims of the study were to characterize some of the locally isolated bacteria and to develop suitable methods for the degradation of phenol using them. Locally isolated AP11, AP9, AP6 and AP7 were identified as Pseudomonas putida using the classical methods. Pseudomonas putida AP11 and AP9 were able to remove 600 ppm phenol completely, but Pseudomonas putida AP6 and AP7 were able to remove 400 ppm phenol completely. The maximum degradation rates for freely suspended culture of Pseudomonas putida AP11, AP9, AP6, AP7 were 10.83, 10.42, 8.33, and 8.33 (ppm/h) respectively. The isolates AP11, AP9, AP6 and AP7 can be used to wastewater containing phenol in effluent treatment systems.  Keywords: Aromatic hydrocarbon; Carbon source; Contaminated soil; Phenol; Pseudomonas.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i2.6339                J. Sci. Res. 3 (2), 367-374 (2011)

scholarly journals Biodecolorization of Azo Dye Mixture (Remazol Brilliant Violet 5r and Reactive Red 120) by Indigenous Bacterial Consortium Obtained From Dye Contaminated Soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Rajendran ◽  
S Kiruthika ◽  
P Saranya ◽  
Arunkumar Mohan ◽  
C V Vaishali
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Reactive Red 120 ◽  
Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R

Abstract Discharge of the untreated wastewater containing dyestuff into the surrounding aquatic environment is of significant environmental concern. These dying effluents not only change the color of water bodies but also has many unfavorable conditions and release toxic by-products, which are mutagenic, carcinogenic, and hazardous to different life forms. The present study investigated the biodegradation and removal of dye mixture (Remazol Brilliant violet 5R and Reactive Red 120) using a new bacterial consortium isolated from dye contaminated soil. Among the total 15 isolates screened, the two most efficient bacterial species (SS07 and SS09) were selected and identified as Enterobacter cloacae (MT573884) and Achromobacter pulmonis (MT573885) through biochemical assays and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The removal efficiency of dye mixture by Enterobacter cloacae and Achromobacter pulmonis at an initial concentration of 100 mg L− 1 was 82.78 and 84.96%, discretely. The bacterial consortium was developed using selected isolates, and the optimum conditions for the removal of dyes were investigated by studying the effects of pH, temperature, carbon and nitrogen sources, dye concentration, and inoculum size. The maximum decolorization efficiency was achieved at pH, 7; temperature, 37°C; dye concentration, 100 ppm; and initial inoculum concentration, 0.5 ml, respectively. Mannitol and Ammonium sulfate was identified as the most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources for better bacterial growth and decolorization. The maximum removal efficiency of 91.3% achieved at the optimal conditions after 72 h of incubation. Decolorization of azo dyestuff by the developed microbial consortia conforms to the zero-order reaction kinetics model. Consortia of Enterobacter cloacae and Achromobacter pulmonis was established as an effective decolorizer for the Remazol Brilliant violet 5R and Reactive Red 120 dye mixture with > 90% color removal.

Effects ofPinus sylvestrisroot growth and mycorrhizosphere development on bacterial carbon source utilization and hydrocarbon oxidation in forest and petroleum-contaminated soils

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 451-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jussi Heinonsalo ◽  
Kirsten S Jørgensen ◽  
Kielo Haahtela ◽  
Robin Sen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Carbon Source Utilization ◽  
Forest Humus

The hypothesis that Pinus sylvestris L. root and mycorrhizosphere development positively influences bacterial community-linked carbon source utilization, and drives a concomitant reduction in mineral oil levels in a petroleum hydrocarbon- (PHC-) contaminated soil was confirmed in a forest ecosystem-based phytoremediation simulation. Seedlings were grown for 9 months in large petri dish microcosms containing either forest humus or humus amended with cores of PHC-contaminated soil. Except for increased root biomass in the humus/PHC treatment, there were no other significant treatment-related differences in plant growth and needle C and N status. Total cell and culturable bacterial (CFU) densities significantly increased in both rhizospheres and mycorrhizospheres that actively developed in the humus and PHC-contaminated soil. Mycorrhizospheres (mycorrhizas and extramatrical mycelium) supported the highest numbers of bacteria. Multivariate analyses of bacterial community carbon source utilization profiles (Biolog GN microplate) from different rhizosphere, mycorrhizosphere, and bulk soil compartments, involving principal component and correspondence analysis, highlighted three main niche-related groupings. The respective clusters identified contained bacterial communities from (i) unplanted bulk soils, (ii) planted bulk PHC and rhizospheres in PHC-contaminated soils, and (iii) planted bulk humus and rhizosphere/mycorrhizosphere-influenced humus, and mycorrhizosphere-influenced PHC contaminated soil. Correspondence analysis allowed further identification of amino acid preferences and increased carboxylic/organic acid preferences in rhizosphere and mycorrhizosphere compartments. Decreased levels of mineral oil (non-polar hydrocarbons) were detected in the PHC-contaminated soil colonized by pine roots and mycorrhizal fungi. These data further support our view that mycorrhizosphere development and function plays a central role in controlling associated bacterial communities and their degradative activities in lignin-rich forest humus and PHC-contaminated soils.Key words: Scots pine, mycorrhizosphere, bacterial community, Biolog, carbon source utilization, non-polar hydrocarbons, phytoremediation.

scholarly journals Remediation of Smelter Contaminated Soil by Sequential Washing Using Biosurfactants

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 12875
Author(s):  
Zygmunt Mariusz Gusiatin ◽  
Jurate Kumpiene ◽  
Ivan Carabante ◽  
Maja Radziemska ◽  
Martin Brtnicky
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Lead Removal ◽  
Bcr Sequential Extraction ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
The Stability

This paper presents experimental results from the use of biosurfactants in the remediation of a soil from a smelter in Poland. In the soil, concentrations of Cu (1659.1 mg/kg) and Pb (290.8 mg/kg) exceeded the limit values. Triple batch washing was tested as a soil treatment. Three main variants were used, each starting with a different plant-derived (saponin, S; tannic acid, T) or microbial (rhamnolipids, R) biosurfactant solution in the first washing, followed by 9 different sequences using combinations of the tested biosurfactants (27 in total). The efficiency of the washing was determined based on the concentration of metal removed after each washing (CR), the cumulative removal efficiency (Ecumulative) and metal stability (calculated as the reduced partition index, Ir, based on the metal fractions from BCR sequential extraction). The type of biosurfactant sequence influenced the CR values. The variants that began with S and R had the highest average Ecumulative for Cu and Pb, respectively. The Ecumulative value correlated very strongly (r > 0.8) with the stability of the residual metals in the soil. The average Ecumulative and stability of Cu were the highest, 87.4% and 0.40, respectively, with the S-S-S, S-S-T, S-S-R and S-R-T sequences. Lead removal and stability were the highest, 64–73% and 0.36–0.41, respectively, with the R-R-R, R-R-S, R-S-R and R-S-S sequences. Although the loss of biosurfactants was below 10% after each washing, sequential washing with biosurfactants enriched the soil with external organic carbon by an average of 27-fold (S-first variant), 24-fold (R first) or 19-fold (T first). With regard to environmental limit values, metal stability and organic carbon resources, sequential washing with different biosurfactants is a beneficial strategy for the remediation of smelter-contaminated soil with given properties.

scholarly journals Physical Separation of Contaminated Soil Using a Washing Ejector Based on Hydrodynamic Cavitation

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Kanghee Cho ◽  
Hyunsoo Kim ◽  
Oyunbileg Purev ◽  
Nagchoul Choi ◽  
Jaewon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Hydrodynamic Cavitation ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Physical Separation

A washing ejector is a pre-treatment technology used to remediate contaminated soil by separating fine particles. The washing ejector developed in this study is a device that utilizes fast liquid jets to disperse soil aggregates by cavitation flow. The cavitation phenomenon is affected by the Bernoulli principle, and the liquid pressure decreases with the increase in kinetic energy. The cavitating flow of the fluid through the Ventrui nozzle can remove surface functional groups and discrete particles. The main methodology involves the removal of small particles bound to coarse particles and the dispersion of soil aggregates. Particle collisions occur on the surface soil, such as the metal phase that is weakly bound to silicate minerals. It was observed that the dispersed soil affected the binding of toxic heavy metals and the mineralogical characteristics of the soil. The quantity of oxides, organic matter, and clay minerals affected the properties of the soil. An almost 40–60% removal efficiency of total metals (As, Zn, and Pb) was obtained from the contaminated soils. After treatment by a washing ejector, the volume of fine particles was reduced by 28–47%. When the contaminants are associated with particulates, separation using a washing ejector can be more effective. Therefore, physical separation improves the removal efficiency of heavy metals from soil aggregates.

scholarly journals Relationship between Cadmium Fractions Obtained by Sequential Extraction of Soil and the Soil Properties in Contaminated and Uncontaminated Paddy Soils

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshimitsu Honma ◽  
Hirotomo Ohba ◽  
Tomoyuki Makino ◽  
Takuji Ohyama
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Total N ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Soil Cd

The method for the sequential extraction of cadmium from soil was adapted to investigate the relationship between different chemical forms of cadmium in soils and the soil properties of Cd-contaminated and uncontaminated paddy soils. Air-dried soil samples from each field site were sequentially fractionated into five forms: exchangeable Cd, inorganically bound Cd, organically bound Cd, oxide-occluded fraction, and residual Cd. The average and range of soil properties such as pH, total C, total N, CEC, exchangeable Ca, Mg, K, base saturation, available phosphate, particle size distribution, free iron oxide, oxalate extractable Al, and Fe were somewhat similar between uncontaminated and contaminated soils. The average total Cd in uncontaminated and contaminated soils was 0.26 and 0.65 mg kg−1, respectively. The proportions of soil Cd fractions did not differ between the uncontaminated and contaminated soils, although the Cd concentration of several fractions in contaminated soils was statistically higher than those in uncontaminated soils except for residual fraction. The proportion of exchangeable Cd was correlated with the CEC and phosphate absorption coefficient in contaminated soil but not in uncontaminated soil. Thus, soil properties appear to affect the proportions of soil Cd fractions in contaminated soil and should be considered when evaluating soil Cd mobility.

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