Effect of starvation on survival of three bacterial isolates from an arctic soil

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 1460-1467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise M. Nelson ◽  
D. Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Starvation Period ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Starvation Stress ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Devon Island ◽  
Endogenous Metabolism ◽  
Arctic Soil ◽  
Endogenous Substrates

Three isolates, a Pseudomonas sp., a Bacillus sp. and an Arthrobacter sp., which had been isolated from a meadow soil at Devon Island, Canada, were subjected to starvation under varying conditions. The viabilities of the three isolates during starvation for 30 days in a carbon-free medium was assessed after the organisms had been grown continuously at varying rates in carbon- and nitrogen-limited media at 5 and 15 °C. Pseudomonas M216 was the most resistant to starvation stress. Bacillus M153 the least, and Arthrobacter M51 was intermediate in its response. Cells grown and starved at 5 °C survived longer than those at 15 °C. Carbon-limited Bacillus and Arthrobacter cells grown at high rates prior to starvation survived longer than those grown slowly, while in nitrogen-limited Arthrobacter the reverse was observed. The pattern of endogenous metabolism of the three isolates during starvation at 15 °C for 10 days was similar to that observed in other organisms. Levels of endogenous substrates such as carbohydrate and protein showed a rapid decrease in the initial 20 h of starvation, followed by a gradual decline over the remainder of the starvation period. The rates of endogenous metabolism of the isolates were positively correlated with their survival rates during starvation.

Effect of freezing and thawing on survival of three bacterial isolates from an arctic soil

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 1468-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise M. Nelson ◽  
D. Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Storage Time ◽  
Soil Extract ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Meadow Soil ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Devon Island ◽  
Arctic Soil

Three isolates, a Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., and Arthrobacter sp., which had been isolated from a meadow soil at Devon Island, Canada, were subjected to freezing and thawing at low rates under various conditions. When cells were frozen in sand or soil, survival was dependent on moisture level, storage time, and thaw rate. Pseudomonas M216 was most susceptible to freeze–thaw damage under these conditions. Arthrobacter M51 was the most resistant of the three isolates when frozen in sand or soil and when frozen at a high rate after growth at varing rates at 5 and 15 °C in carbon- or nitrogen-limited media. Pseudomonas M216 was more sensitive to freeze-thaw damage when NaCl was present in the freezing menstruum, even at low freezing rates. Survival of cells frozen in growth medium, water, saline, and soil extract was not affected by the freezing rate when it was less than 1 °C min−1. Soil extract did not protect cells from freeze–thaw damage any more than water and for Arthrobacter M51 survival was decreased when it was frozen in soil extract.

Growth characteristics of three bacterial isolates from an arctic soil

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 909-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise M. Nelson ◽  
D. Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Tundra Soils ◽  
Devon Island ◽  
Arctic Soil ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Taxonomic Characterization ◽  
Substrate Concentrations

Three bacterial isolates, a Pseudomonas sp., a Bacillus sp., and an Arthrobacter sp., commonly isolated from a hummocky sedge–moss meadow at Devon Island, N.W.T., Canada, were selected for further taxonomic characterization and for a study of the effects of temperature and limiting carbon source on growth. Pseudomonas M216 resembled P. putida and Bacillus M 153, B. carotarum. Arthrobacter M51 had growth-factor requirements which were more complex than those of any named species of that genus. The temperature ranges of growth indicated that Pseudomonas M216 and Arthrobacter M51 were psychrotrophic while Bacillus M153 was mesophilic. Growth in batch culture at limiting glucose concentrations enabled the calculation of Ks and Y values for each isolate. These were similar to those obtained for other organisms and Pseudomonas M216 and Bacillus M153 showed a high affinity for glucose. The nutritional versatility of Arthrobacter M51 and its ability to grow at low temperatures and the high growth rates and affinity of Pseudomonas M216 for low substrate concentrations may account for their competitive abilities in the natural environment, while the inability of Bacillus M153 to grow at low temperatures may limit its activity in tundra soils.

scholarly journals Peroxisomal β-oxidation from endogenous substrates. Demonstration through H2O2 production in the unanaesthetized mouse

1984 ◽  
Vol 218 (3) ◽  
pp. 697-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Van den Branden ◽  
I Kerckaert ◽  
F Roels
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Starvation Period ◽  
Beta Oxidation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Endogenous Substrates

A system was developed in which it is possible to detect in vivo changes in hepatic H2O2 production, using a combination of the catalase inhibitor, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole and methanol. In mice, starvation significantly increases hepatic H2O2 production and plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations. Short-term refeeding after a 24 h starvation period brings H2O2 production and plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentration back to normal in 3h. Administration of insulin 24 h after the onset of starvation normalizes H2O2 production in less than 2h and decreases non-esterified fatty acid concentration below normal values. The suppression by insulin of H2O2 production, as well as its coherence with plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentration, indicate that increased H2O2 production in starved mice reflects peroxisomal beta-oxidation.

THE EFFECT OF FARM AND GREEN MANURES ON THE FERTILITY OF BLACKEARTH-MEADOW CLAY SOILS

1957 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Poyser ◽  
R. A. Hedlin ◽  
A. O. Ridley
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
First Year ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Green Manure Crops

Green manure crops were ploughed down in the fallow year of a fallow, wheat, corn, wheat rotation to determine their effect on total organic carbon and nitrogen in the soil and on crop yields.An average decrease of 27.9 per cent of the organic carbon and 15.9 per cent of the nitrogen in the soil occurred over a 25-year period. Under sweet clover and farm manure the levels of organic carbon and nitrogen were significantly higher than the levels of these constituents under fallow treatment. The levels of organic carbon and nitrogen were not significantly affected by weeds, buckwheat, corn, rye, peas and red clover green crop treatments.There was little crop yield response to nitrogen-supplying green crops the first year after fallow. However, during recent years there was a gradual increase in yield response to nitrogen-supplying treatments in the second and third crops after fallow. This increased response to nitrogen probably reflected the gradual decline in the ability of the soil to supply nitrogen as total soil organic matter declined.

Endogenous metabolism of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria in response to short-term anaerobic and anoxic starvation stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 ◽  
pp. 1233-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Ma ◽  
Yayi Wang ◽  
Shuai Zhou ◽  
Yuan Yan ◽  
Ximao Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Starvation Stress ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Endogenous Metabolism

scholarly journals Optimization of Growing Medium and Preservation Methods for Plant Beneficial Bacteria, and Formulating a Microbial Biopreparation for Raspberry Naturalization

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2521
Author(s):  
Michał Pylak ◽  
Karolina Oszust ◽  
Magdalena Frąc
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Preservation Methods ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Bacterial Inoculum

The current study focuses on the optimization of bacterial growing medium composition, including the carbon and nitrogen source in different concentrations, the pH value of the medium and the temperature. Optimization was performed for four environmental bacterial isolates belonging to the genera Arthrobacter, Pseudomonas and Rhodococcus, which were previously obtained from wild raspberries. These bacteria proved to be potent antagonists against certain fungal and fungal-like plant pathogens. Furthermore, three preservation methods and three sample preparation techniques were evaluated. In addition, a prebiotic supplementary blend based on previous research was tested. The research included a pot experiment to estimate the influence of bacterial cultures on the growth of plant shoots and roots, on the soil enzymatic activity and the content of macronutrients, minerals and nitrogen in the soil depending on the naturalization strategy. The best carbon and nitrogen source were chosen. The addition of a supplementary blend resulted in the increased growth of two bacterial isolates. Bacterial inoculum applied to the roots and watering resulted in increased shoot mass in objects infected with plant pathogens, although in plants without the pathogen infection, bacterial inoculum resulted in the decreased mass of plants. Naturalization strategy should be matched to the pathogens present at plantations.

Effect of temperature, growth rate, and nutrient limitation on the yield and composition of three bacterial isolates from an arctic soil grown in continuous culture

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 1452-1459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise M. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Nutrient Limitation ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Carbon Limitation ◽  
Endogenous Respiration ◽  
Substrate Affinity ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Temperature Growth ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Cell Composition

Three bacterial isolates from an arctic meadow soil, Pseudomonas M216, Bacillus M153, and Arthrobacter M51, were grown continuously in carbon-and nitrogen-limiting media at 15 and 5 °C at three dilution rates from 0.04 to 0.01 h−1. Measurements of yield, viability, endogenous oxygen-uptake rate, and cell composition indicated that in general, these isolates were well adapted for growth at low rates and low temperature under nutrient limitation. Changes in cell composition with temperature, growth rate, and nutrient limitation followed patterns similar to those observed in organisms studied in other laboratories. Yields were higher at 15 than at 5 °C in Pseudomonas M216 and Arthrobacter M51 and the endogenous respiration rate tended to decrease with decreasing dilution rate. Substrate affinity (Ks) and μmax varied with temperature, and Pseudomonas M216 exhibited the lowest Ks for carbon and nitrogen and highest μmax under the growth conditions studied, except at 15 °C under carbon limitation where Arthrobacter M51 exhibited the lowest Ks. Only Bacillus M153 exhibited a significant loss in viability at low dilution rates and a detectable specific maintenance rate (0.0077 h−1), factors which may contribute to the low isolation frequency of the genus at the meadow site.

Soil Enrichment Studies with Trifluralin

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Carter ◽  
N. D. Camper
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Degradation Product ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Enrichment ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Herbicide Control

Soil enrichment studies were conducted with trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) with and without exogenous carbon and nitrogen. From 72 bacterial isolates obtained, eight representative ones were tentatively identified as members of the genusPseudomonasbased on size, shape, Gram reaction, and reaction on fluorescent and motility agar. Two of these eight isolates exhibited a significant increase in numbers of viable cells when grown in a medium with trifluralin as the only exogenous carbon and nitrogen source. Chromatographic analysis of culture medium extracts revealed the presence of a degradation product which was not present in the herbicide control. The concentration of this unknown was greatest at the 50 mg/L level of trifluralin which also supported the greatest bacterial growth.

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