Nutritional requirements of some non-pathogenic Neisseria grown in simple synthetic media

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1198-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. McDonald ◽  
K. G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Ferrous Sulfate ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Pantothenate ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Synthetic Media

Ten species of non-pathogenic Neisseria were grown in simple defined liquid media containing amino acids, biotin, nicotinic acid, calcium pantothenate, ferrous sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and potassium phosphate. Two of these Neisseria were induced to grow with glutamic acid as the carbon and nitrogen source. The remaining eight Neisseria grew in glutamic acid medium supplemented with from one to four additional amino acids, lactate, or lactate and glucose. A strain of N. flavescens grew in the absence of added growth factors whereas the remaining nine species of Neisseria required either biotin or nicotinic acid; pantothenate was required by two and was stimulatory for three of these species. Use of carbohydrates by the non-pathogenic Neisseria in synthetic medium was tested. Two strains failed to use any of the 14 carbohydrates tested; one strain used only glucose; the remaining seven strains used fructose, glucose, maltose, and sucrose to varying degrees.

scholarly journals On the Nitrogen Nutrition of Silage Strains of Lactic Acid Bacteria

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
CJ Brady
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Synthetic Media ◽  
Time Of Harvest

Consideration is given to the adequacy of the free amino acids in plant juices at the time of harvest as nitrogen substrate for strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from silage. The requirements of several strains of the bacteria for free amino acids in synthetic media were compared with the concentration of these acids in the liquid phase of plants at the time of harvest; this comparison suggested that several amino acids, and particulady lysine, may at times be rate.limiting. Ethanolic extracts of plants, sampled before and after a period of post-harvest wilting, were assayed as nitrogen substrates for the bacteria. A marked response to additions of lysine, some response to arginine, and evidence of deficiency of other acids were noted. The importance of post-harvest proteolysis to the amino acid nutrition of the bacteria in the silage environment is discussed. Certain fractions of the plant extracts were found to promote early growth of the bacteria in the synthetic medium, and the distribution of this activity in different fractions is described.

PROTEINASE PRODUCTION IN RELATION TO GROWTH OF A MICROCOCCUS SPECIES

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Proteinase Production ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Stimulation Of

Production of proteinase(s) by a Micrococcus sp. (A.T.C.C. No. 407) in general was related to the amount of growth. However, addition of 2% sodium chloride to tryptone yeast extract broth resulted in an apparent stimulation of proteinase production without an increase in growth. The salt apparently protected the enzyme since it was found that proteinase preparations were inactivated less rapidly in the presence than in the absence of salt. Although the organism did not require carbohydrate for growth, it utilized maltose but not glucose or other carbohydrates. In the presence of maltose, growth and proteinase production were stimulated. The organism produced proteinase on a minimal synthetic medium containing glutamic acid as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen.

GLUTAMIC AND ASPARTIC ACIDS AND SUCROSE IN THE DIET OF THE FLOUR BEETLE, TRIBOLIUM CONFUSUM (TENEBRIONIDAE)

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1127-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred F. Naylor
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Synthetic Media

The effects of three factors on larval development were studied in synthetic media based on a mixture of the 10 essential amino acids. Replacement of one third of the cornstarch with sucrose as carbohydrate source increased time to pupation and decreased larval survival. Including glutamic acid, even as partial replacement for essential amino acids, accelerated larval development and increased survivorship. Aspartic acid also decreased time to pupation and is apparently equivalent to glutamic acid in this respect. However, no evidence for mortality decrease through aspartic acid addition was observed; in fact, statistical analysis resulted in computation of a non-significant semilethal effect of this factor.

Growth and production of microsclerotia of two Cylindrocladium species with various carbon and nitrogen sources

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 1665-1668 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Optimum Growth ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Cylindrocladium Floridanum ◽  
Slight Growth

Galactose, glucose, maltose, and mannose supported optimum growth of Cylindrocladium scoparium in buffered liquid media. Growth of C. floridanum was maximum on cellobiose, sorbose, and xylose, but growth was only slight on maltose and galactose. Both fungi used several amino acids and grew well on peptone, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, and urea. Cylindrocladium floridanum grew well on sodium nitrite, but C. scoparium made only slight growth on this nitrogen source. Ammonium and nitrite compounds inhibited production of microsclerotia by both fungi. The fungi grew between pH 4.1 and 7.5 with optimum growth at pH 6.5. Numbers of microsclerotia produced were generally directly related to the amount of growth.

scholarly journals Dietary Reconstruction of the Okhotsk Culture of Hokkaido, Japan, Based on Nitrogen Composition of Amino Acids: Implications for Correction of 14C Marine Reservoir Effects on Human Bones

Radiocarbon ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 671-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichi I Naito ◽  
Yoshito Chikaraishi ◽  
Naohiko Ohkouchi ◽  
Hitoshi Mukai ◽  
Yasuyuki Shibata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Bone Collagen ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Radiocarbon Age ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Fur Seal ◽  
Nitrogen Isotopic Composition

The relative contribution of marine-derived carbon in the ancient diet is essential for correcting the marine reservoir effect on the radiocarbon age of archaeological human remains. In this study, we evaluated the marine protein consumption of 3 human populations from the Okhotsk culture (about AD 550–1200) in Hokkaido, Japan, based on stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions in bulk bone collagen as well as the nitrogen isotopic composition of glutamic acid and phenylalanine. Despite the similarity of carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of bulk collagens, nitrogen isotopic composition of their constituent amino acids suggests differences in fur seal contributions among northern Hokkaido (0–24% for Kafukai 1, 0–10% for Hamanaka 2) and eastern Hokkaido (78–80% for Moyoro) populations. It suggests that nitrogen composition of glutamic acid and phenylalanine could provide a detailed picture of ancient human subsistence.

scholarly journals LATENT VIRAL INFECTION OF CELLS IN TISSUE CULTURE

1956 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 765-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl M. Johnson ◽  
Herbert R. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Virus Growth ◽  
Viral Multiplication ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Synthetic Media ◽  
Stimulation Of

When chick embryo tissues cultivated for 13 days in Hanks's balanced salt solution (BSS) were infected with psittacosis virus (6BC), they did not support active viral multiplication until synthetic medium 199 of Parker (3) was added. By testing various combinations of the substances in this and other synthetic media, it was found that the minimum number of compounds required to effectively stimulate virus growth in the presence of BSS comprised the amino acids and water-soluble vitamins found in medium 199. Addition of either amino acids or water-soluble vitamins alone to BSS resulted in only slight stimulation of viral proliferation. Many constituents of the synthetic media were found not to be essential to the stimulation of viral multiplication. The following substances added to a medium containing amino acids and water-soluble vitamins in BSS failed to increase the quantity of virus produced: diphosphopyridine nucleotide (DPN), triphosphopyridine nucleotide (TPN), coenzyme A, the fat-soluble vitamins, ribose sugars, and three biological reducing agents: cysteine, glutathione, and ascorbic acid. Among other substances that proved to be not essential a group of purines and pyrimidines present in medium 199 were found to be probably toxic to cells in the concentrations used, since virus titers were lower in media containing these compounds than in those from which they were absent. A change in the nutritional status of these cells involving amino acids and water-soluble vitamins has thus permitted to transform a latent, undetectable viral infection to an inactive infection in vitro.

ENERGY AND NITROGEN REQUIREMENTS OF MICROCOCCUS ROSEUS

1963 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Eisenberg ◽  
James B. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Species Recognition ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Excellent Growth ◽  
Micrococcus Roseus ◽  
Do So

A collection of pink-pigmented micrococci has been studied and found to be a relatively homogeneous group that deserve species recognition as Micrococcus roseus. These organisms are salt-tolerant obligate aerobes that usually reduce nitrates and do not hydrolyze gelatin. They can utilize xylose, glucose, fructose, mannose, galactose, sucrose, acetate, pyruvate, lactate, malate, succinate, and gluconate as carbon and energy sources. Most strains also can utilize arabinose, lactose, maltose, glycerol, mannitol, sorbitol, and propionate. A synthetic basal medium has been devised that will give excellent growth of these organisms with glutamic acid as the sole source of nitrogen, carbon, and energy. Two vitamins, biotin and thiamine, are required by all strains, and are the only vitamins in the synthetic medium that was used to study interrelationships between nitrogen and carbon sources. Ammonia can serve as the sole source of nitrogen when glucose, or certain other substrates, is the sole source of carbon and energy. Not all substrates that can supply energy in a complex medium can do so in the synthetic medium with ammonia as the sole source of nitrogen. Some amino acids in addition to glutamate have a limited ability to serve as a source of both carbon and nitrogen. The ability of individual amino acids to serve as a sole source of nitrogen depends upon the nature of the substrate that is present as a carbon and energy source.

PROTEINASE BIOSYNTHESIS BY STREPTOCOCCUS LIQUEFACIENS: I. THE EFFECT OF CARBON AND NITROGEN SOURCES, pH, AND INHIBITORS

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 747-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Rabin ◽  
Leonard N. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

Some nutritive aspects of proteinase biosynthesis by non-proliferating cells of Streptococcus liquefaciens, strain 31, were investigated by substituting constituents in a basal medium containing casein, lactose, purines, pyrimidines, vitamins, and salts. The casein of the medium could be replaced by a mixture of 12 "essential" amino acids (glutamic acid, histidine, valine, serine, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, arginine, cystine, lysine, tryptophane, and threonine), thus demonstrating that proteinase synthesis can occur in a medium devoid of protein. Proteinase biosynthesis appeared to depend upon an inordinately high concentration of arginine, required a fermentable carbohydrate, and occurred optimally at pH 6.3. Sodium fluoride and iodoacetate did not inhibit the proteinase activity but radically curbed its synthesis.

ANALYSIS OF FACTORS GOVERNING IN VITRO ACCUMULATION OF ZOOSPORES OF PYTHIUM APHANIDERMATUM ON ROOTS: II. SUBSTANCES CAUSING RESPONSE

1964 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Royle ◽  
C. J. Hickman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Root Exudate ◽  
Pythium Aphanidermatum ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Weak Base ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Related Compounds

Pythium aphanidermatum zoospores in distilled water suspension showed differential responses towards a range of single compounds, and mixtures, diffusing from the ends of capillary tubes containing these materials in agar. All substances caused an initial disorientation of zoospore movement followed, according to the substance under test, by indifference, repulsion, attraction, trapping, and encystment, or, at extreme pH, by loss of motility and death. Of a wide range of substances and mixtures tested, including sugars, amino acids, inorganic salts, organic acids, auxins, and vitamins, only glutamic acid, after weak base adjustment, and mixtures of sugars combined with mixtures of amino acids, induced the pattern of response observed with roots and root materials. Comparison of the activity of glutamate and structurally related compounds indicated that the effectiveness of glutamate was dependent on the presence of several moieties of the glutamate ion.Short photographic exposures allowed counts to be made of zoospores and cysts around the capillary mouth and provided a method for comparing, quantitatively, the accumulation of zoospores in response to different substances over a period of time.The substances inducing activity were readily detected in pea root exudate and extract and are, in fact, of general occurrence in roots. The effectiveness of the active principle(s) in root exudate and extract was roughly proportional to the concentration of these root materials in terms of their content of carbon and nitrogen but no such relation could be established for glutamic acid and a joint mixture of amino acids and sugars, suggesting the existence in root materials of additional factor(s).

Growth of Aphanomyces cochlioides in synthetic media as affected by carbon, nitrogen, methionine, and trace elements

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 2495-2503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard J. Herr
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Aphanomyces Cochlioides ◽  
N Source ◽  
Trace Element Nutrition ◽  
Methionine Concentration ◽  
Synthetic Media

Aspects of the nutrition of Aphanomyces cochlioides were investigated using a synthetic medium containing the major elements (ME) C, N, S, Ca, K, Mg, P; with or without the trace elements (TE) Fe, Zn, Cu, B, Mn, Mo. Primary C, N, and S sources were D-glucose, L-asparagine or DL-glutamic acid, and DL-methionine. In the presence or absence of individual trace elements, growth increased with Fe, decreased with Cu, and was unaffected by the remaining trace elements. Combining Fe with Cu eliminated the toxicity of Cu. C, N, and methionine concentration level effects were studied in relation to trace element nutrition and N sources in a series of factorial experiments. Trace elements strongly affected growth (maximum yield minus TE = 21.0 mg; maximum yield plus TE = 139.7 mg). As a source of C, glucose supported greater growth (83 mg) than sucrose (18 mg), while growth without added C was poor (7 mg). L-Asparagine was superior to DL-glutamic acid as a source of N at high C levels and the effect of methionine concentrations on growth differed with the N source. D-Asparagine was not utilized as a source of N. Growth in the synthetic medium approached that obtained in a complex medium.

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