The participation of common and species-"specific" antigens of mycobacteria in the tuberculin skin reaction

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 774-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Turcotte
Keyword(s):  
Skin Reaction ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Cutaneous Reaction ◽  
Tuberculin Reaction ◽  
Cross Absorption ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Antigens ◽  
Species Specific

Protoplasmic extracts isolated from four different species of mycobacteria contained common and species-specific antigens. Both the common and the specific antigens were involved in the elicitation of the tuberculin reaction in sensitized guinea pigs. The elimination of the common antigens from the extracts by means of cross absorption with heterologous mycobacterial antibodies led to preparations which, at the doses used in this study, elicited a cutaneous reaction in animals sensitized with the corresponding strains only. Moreover, the tuberculin activity of the common antigens was about the same in animals sensitized either with homologous or heterologous strains.

scholarly journals Fertilization in brown algae. IV. Appearance of sperm-specific antigens on fertilized eggs

1983 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
H.I. Vithanage ◽  
J.W. Catt ◽  
J.A. Callow ◽  
M.E. Callow ◽  
L.V. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Cell Wall Material ◽  
Fucus Serratus ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Antigens ◽  
Fertilized Egg

Flagella antigens from sperm of Fucus serratus have been used to raise antibodies in rabbits. The immunoglobulin G fraction inhibits fertilization with some degree of species specificity. The antigens detected on sperm are not present on unfertilized egg membranes, but appear after fertilization. The common antigens on the fertilized egg can be distinguished from the cell wall material that is also released on fertilization.

The Effects of Homologous Testicular and Brain and Heterologous Testicular Homogenates combined with Adjuvant upon the Testes of Guinea-Pigs

Development ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-104
Author(s):  
Seymour Katsh ◽  
David W. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Antibody Production ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Common Antigens ◽  
Heterologous Sperm ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Sperm Immobilization ◽  
Ram Sperm

Numerous efforts have demonstrated antibody production after injection of spermatozoa into animals of the same species. For example, Metalnikoff (1900) and Kennedy (1924) reported anti-guinea-pig sperm ‘toxins’ in guinea-pigs; McCartney (1923) noted anti-rat sperm ‘toxins’ in rats; Pfeiffer (1905), Dittler (1920), and Pommerenke (1928) demonstrated anti-rabbit ‘spermatotoxins’ in rabbits. Antibody production against heterologous sperm has also been disclosed: Mudd & Mudd (1929) injected human, guinea-pig, bull, and ram sperm into rabbits and reported that the resultant antibodies were species specific. The absoluteness of specificity, both organ and species, however, has been qualified by the study of Lewis (1934), who found that brain and testicles possess common antigens, and Henle (1938) has extended Mudd & Mudd's (1929) observations on cross-reaction between sperm of closely related species. In the above-mentioned studies the methods for determining antisperm activity of antisera included complement-fixation, sperm-immobilization, agglutination, and precipitin tests.

SOME SEROLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCES EXTRACTED FROM STAPHYLOCOCCI AND A HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS

1960 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 661-672
Author(s):  
Anne M. Collins ◽  
I. B. R. Duncan ◽  
Elisabeth M. Neelin ◽  
R. Znamirowski ◽  
T. E. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Formation ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Fixation Technique ◽  
Hemolytic Streptococcus ◽  
Cross Reactions ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
The Common ◽  
Species Specific

Polysaccharide-type extracts prepared from a coagulase-positive staphylococcus, a coagulase-negative staphylococcus, and a type 12 hemolytic streptococcus were investigated by means of the hemagglutination technique to determine whether the extract of Staphylococcus pyogenes contained antigens that could detect species-specific antibodies in antisera. The sera used were prepared by inoculating rabbits with vaccines, extract-sensitized erythrocytes, or extract alone. The extracts themselves elicited poor antibody formation unless adsorbed on erythrocytes. Marked serological cross reactions were found among the preparations from all three organisms, and mirror absorption tests failed to yield clear evidence of species-specific factors in the extracts or in the antisera. The latex fixation technique demonstrated similar cross reactions to those found by hemagglutination. The common antigen or complex of antigens found in the extracts of all three organisms were not identified as the non-specific antigens described by Rantz and others. Chemical analyses of the extracts showed that, as prepared, they were complex mixtures of substances to which the term "polysaccharide" could not properly be applied.

Study of the antigenic relationships between strains of Bacteroides. intermedius, B. melaninogenicus, B. corporis, and B. denticola revealed by immunoblotting with rabbit antisera

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 637-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Bowden ◽  
N. Nolette
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Western Blotting ◽  
Homology Groups ◽  
Homologous Strain ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Common Antigens ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Humoral Responses ◽  
Antigenic Relationships

Antigen profiles of saccharolytic oral black-pigmented Bacteroides have been developed by Western blotting. Visual comparisons indicated extensive cross-reactions between B. intermedius, B. melaninogenicus, B. denticola, and B. corporis. Porphyromonas gingivalis, P. asaccharolyticus, and B. buccae showed less cross-reaction. Quantitation of antigenic similarity was made from densitometric scans. Calculation of the Jackard coefficient gave results of 33–72% similarity among the saccharolytic pigmented species, with the two homology groups of B. intermedius separated at 53%. Species were separated below 70%. Subtraction of the profile of a cross-reacting strain from that of the homologous strain also allowed quantitation of similarities. These similarities were lower; the range between species was 4–62%, although the two homology groups of B. intermedius still separated at 50 and 58%. Species were separated below 63%. Sera absorbed with a cross-reacting strain gave reduced reactions with the homologous strain and cross-reacting strains, indicating several common antigens among the four species. The species-specific antigens demonstrated by sera absorbed with cells of cross-reacting species were relatively few (3–6) compared with cross-reacting antigens detected by non-absorbed sera (18–28). The method appears useful to quantitate antigenic similarities among Bacteroides species and strains and allows analysis and quantitation of individual humoral responses in animals to these bacteria. Key words: oral Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, antigenic similarities, immunoblotting.

scholarly journals Trehalose-containing lipooligosaccharides. A new class of species-specific antigens from Mycobacterium.

1983 ◽  
Vol 258 (17) ◽  
pp. 10481-10487 ◽  
Author(s):  
S W Hunter ◽  
R C Murphy ◽  
K Clay ◽  
M B Goren ◽  
P J Brennan
Keyword(s):  
New Class ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Species Specific

Prevention of Tuberculosis and Reversal of Tuberculin Reaction in Guinea Pigs.

1965 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Brosbe ◽  
P. T. Sugihara ◽  
J. M. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Tuberculin Reaction

scholarly journals Importance of serological cross-reactivity amongToxoplasma gondii, Hammondiaspp.,Neosporaspp.,Sarcocystisspp. andBesnoitia besnoiti

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 144 (7) ◽  
pp. 851-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUÍS F. P. GONDIM ◽  
JOSÉ R. MINEO ◽  
GEREON SCHARES
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Besnoitia Besnoiti ◽  
Cross Reactions ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Species Specific

SUMMARYToxoplasma gondii, Neosporaspp.,Sarcocystisspp.,Hammondiaspp. andBesnoitia besnoitiare genetically related cyst-forming coccidia. Serology is frequently used for the identification ofT. gondii, Neosporaspp. andB. besnoiti-exposed individuals. Serologic cross-reactions occur in different tests among animals infected withT. gondiiandH. hammondi,as well as among animals infected byT. gondiiandN. caninum. Infections caused byN. caninumandN. hughesiare almost indistinguishable by serology.Neospora caninum, B. besnoitiandSarcocystisspp. infections in cattle show some degree of serologic cross-reactivity. Antibody cross-reactivity betweenNeosporaspp. andH. heydorni-infected animals is suspected, but not proven to occur. We review serologic cross-reactivity among animals and/or humans infected withT. gondii, Neosporaspp.,Sarcocystisspp.,Hammondiaspp. andB. besnoiti. Emphasis is laid upon antigens and serological methods forN. caninumdiagnosis which were tested for cross-reactivity with related protozoa. Species-specific antigens, as well as stage-specific proteins have been identified in some of these parasites and have promising use for diagnosis and epidemiological surveys.

scholarly journals Comparing the folding landscapes of evolutionarily divergent procaspase-3

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqi Yao ◽  
Clay Clark
Keyword(s):  
Conformational Change ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Folding Pathway ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Folding Intermediates ◽  
Effector Caspases ◽  
The Common ◽  
Ph Dependent ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Dimeric Intermediate

All caspases evolved from a common ancestor and subsequently developed into two general classes, inflammatory or apoptotic caspases. The caspase-hemoglobinase fold has been conserved throughout nearly one billion years of evolution and is utilized for both the monomeric and dimeric subfamilies of apoptotic caspases, called initiator and effector caspases, respectively. We compared the folding and assembly of procaspase-3b from zebrafish to that of human effector procaspases in order to examine the conservation of the folding landscape. Urea-induced equilibrium folding/unfolding of procaspase-3b showed a minimum three-state folding pathway, where the native dimer isomerizes to a partially folded dimeric intermediate, which then unfolds. A partially folded monomeric intermediate observed in the folding landscape of human procaspase-3 is not well-populated in zebrafish procaspase-3b. By comparing effector caspases from different species, we show that the effector procaspase dimer undergoes a pH-dependent conformational change, and that the conformational species in the folding landscape exhibit similar free energies. Together, the data show that the landscape for the caspase-hemoglobinase fold is conserved, yet it provides flexibility for species-specific stabilization or destabilization of folding intermediates resulting in changes in stability. The common pH-dependent conformational change in the native dimer, which yields an enzymatically inactive species, may provide an additional, albeit reversible, mechanism for controlling caspase activity in the cell.

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