Growth of the haploid and diploid phases of Physarum flavicomum in the same partially defined media

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 967-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry R. Henney Jr. ◽  
Mortaza Asgari ◽  
Mary R. Henney
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Phase Cell ◽  
Shake Culture ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Stationary Culture ◽  
Defined Media ◽  
Culture Growth

The haploid phase (myxamoebae-swarm cells) of the myxomycete Physarum flavicomum variety 1 grows readily in partially defined liquid media, which were developed for the culture of the diploid plasmodial phase. Cell yields of between 2 × 107 and 4 × 107 cells/ml are obtained in these media in aerobic shake culture. Growth rates are more rapid in shake culture than in stationary culture but growth does not occur in anaerobic conditions. The simpler of the two media contains salts, glucose, biotin, thiamine, hematin, and casein hydrolysate. Haploid cells consume about half as much oxygen per milligram protein per hour as the diploid microplasmodia growing in the same medium.

SOME EFFECTS OF MEDIUM COMPOSITION AND METABOLIC INTERMEDIATES ON BIOTIN INHIBITION IN A STRAIN OF RHIZOBIUM JAPONICUM

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald H. Elkan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Rhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Metabolic Intermediates ◽  
Defined Media ◽  
Organic Nitrogen Source ◽  
Culture Growth

Growth of Rhizobium japonicum No. 508 in a mineral salts – mannitol medium with 0.01 M NH4Cl and 0.2 g/l casein hydrolysate as nitrogen sources was inhibited by as little as 0.001 μg/l biotin. When 0.01 M NH4Cl and 0.2 g/l glutamic acid were the nitrogen sources, biotin inhibited growth at a concentration of 0.1 μg/l. Growth inhibition by biotin was observed in various defined media. When vitamin-free casein hydrolysate was the organic nitrogen source, there was slightly less inhibition. However, the degree of inhibition remained independent of the casein concentration. Additions of amino acids did not affect the inhibition. The effect was minimal when the organism was grown in medium containing undefined yeast extract even in the presence of added biotin. In such medium, growth was stimulated by the addition of avidin. When biotin was added to an actively growing culture, no inhibition occurred. If the biotin was removed from an inhibited culture, growth was reestablished. In media containing α-ketoglutarate, biotin did not inhibit growth of the organism, and with succinate, biotin was slightly stimulatory.

Preparation of 14C-Labeled Penicillic Acid with High Specific Activity and Yield

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOUGLAS L. PARK ◽  
PHILIP B. MISLIVEC ◽  
JAMES L. HEATH
Keyword(s):  
Acid Production ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
High Specific Activity ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Penicillic Acid ◽  
Stationary Culture ◽  
Radioactive Compound ◽  
Growth Substrates ◽  
Label Incorporation

14C-Labeled penicillic acid was produced by stationary culture incubation of Penicillium cyclopium (NRRL 1888) on a modified Raulin-Thom broth medium containing 14C-labeled acetate. Approximately 1.2 g of radioactive compound, with a specific activity of 23.0 μCi/mmole, was produced in 9 days in 1500 ml of the broth. Incorporation of the isotope into penicillic acid was 11. 9%. Production of the radiolabeled compound with high specific activity was achieved by correlating the monitoring of expired 14C-CO2 with production of penicillic acid during the fermentation. The effects of various growth substrates, pH, and incubation times on production of non-labeled penicillic acid also were investigated. Results show that sterile rice is an excellent substrate, that among liquid media examined, higher yields were obtained in stationary rather than in shake cultures, and that higher yields of penicillic acid were obtained at pH 3.5 or lower. Simultaneous monitoring of penicillic acid production and 14C-label incorporation is essential to detect and isolate a high yield of labeled compound with high specific activity.

scholarly journals Klebsiella pneumoniae—A Useful Pathogenic Strain for Biotechnological Purposes: Diols Biosynthesis under Controlled and Uncontrolled pH Levels

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Mitrea ◽  
Dan Cristian Vodnar
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Cell Factory ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Microbial Cell Factory ◽  
Substrate Consumption ◽  
Main Carbon Source ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
Main Carbon

Despite being a well-known human pathogen, Klebsiella pneumoniae plays a significant role in the biotechnology field, being considered as a microbial cell factory in terms of valuable chemical biosynthesis. In this work, Klebsiella pneumoniae DSMZ 2026 was investigated for its potential to biosynthesize 1,3-propanediol (PDO) and 2,3-butanediol (BDO) during batch fermentation under controlled and uncontrolled pH levels. The bacterial strain was cultivated at a bioreactor level, and it was inoculated in 2 L of specific mineral broth containing 50 g/L of glycerol as the main carbon source. The process was conducted under anaerobic conditions at 37 °C and 180 RPM (rotations per minute) for 24 h. The effect of pH oscillation on the biosynthesis of PDO and BDO was investigated. Samples were taken every 3 h and specific tests were performed: pH measurement, main substrate consumption, PDO and BDO production. The cell morphology was analyzed on both solid and liquid media. After 24 h of cultivation, the maximum concentrations of PDO and BDO were 28.63 ± 2.20 g/L and 18.10 ± 1.10 g/L when the pH value was maintained at 7. Decreased concentrations of PDO and BDO were achieved (11.08 ± 0.14 g/L and 7.35 ± 0.00 g/L, respectively) when the pH level was not maintained at constant values. Moreover, it was identified the presence of other metabolites (lactic, citric, and succinic acids) in the cultivation media at the beginning of the process, after 12 h and 24 h of cultivation.

Acidobacteria from oligotrophic soil from the Cerrado can grow in a wide range of carbon source concentrations

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 746-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virgilio Hipólito Lemos de Castro ◽  
Luis Felipe Schroeder ◽  
Betania Ferraz Quirino ◽  
Ricardo Henrique Kruger ◽  
Cristine Chaves Barreto
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Colloidal Chitin ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Wide Range

Soils from the Brazilian Cerrado are nutrient-poor, acidic, and aluminum-rich. A previous study revealed that members of the phylum Acidobacteria were predominant in these oligotrophic soils. Five acidobacteria from Cerrado soil were isolated on VL-55 medium containing 0.05% of xylan as carbon source. All isolates belong to the Acidobacteria subdivision 1, and their 16S rRNA showed similarities of 94.2%–96% with Acidobacterium capsulatum or 98.6% with Edaphobacter aggregans. All isolates were able to sustain growth in a wide range of carbon source concentrations. Growth occurred in all concentrations of arabinose, dextrose, and xylose; only one isolate did not grow on fructose. Isolates grew poorly on N-acetyl-d-glucosamine at all concentrations tested. In general, increasing concentrations of these monosaccharides did not inhibit growth rates. Isolates exhibited growth on solid medium containing xylan, carboxymethyl cellulose, and colloidal chitin; however, growth was observed on solid medium that did not contain these polysaccharides. These isolates may be able to use the solidifying agents tested (gellan gum or agar) as carbon source. This interpretation is supported by the absence of growth in liquid media containing chitin or carboxymethyl cellulose at 0.05% as sole carbon source, whereas growth in the same conditions using xylan was confirmed.

Urease activity related to the growth and differentiation of swarmer cells of Proteus mirabilis

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianru Jin ◽  
R. G. E. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Urease Activity ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Maximum Proportion ◽  
The Media ◽  
Urease Production ◽  
Different Strains

Urease activity was measured using whole cells of both long (swarming) and short (nonswarming) populations of Proteus mirabilis from casein hydrolysate agar (CHA) and broth (CHB) cultures, and from brain heart infusion broth (BHIB) cultures. Urease is a constitutive enzyme for both long and short cells, but its activity was tremendously increased when urea was incorporated into the media. Urease production was also affected by culture age and media used. Before exponential phase, urease activity was very low, and it increased to its highest point after about 4 h in BHIB and 8 h in both CHA and CHB cultures at 37 °C. Long cells had higher urease activity than did short cells when grown on CHA, and was also expressed by two different strains cultured in BHIB. Strain PM23, in BHIB, was able to form long cells (swarming cells) to a maximum proportion after about 4 h, but strain IM47 could not differentiate in any of the liquid media. The former had more urease when swarming differentiation was initiated. PM23 grew relatively faster than IM47 when the former began to differentiate, but this fast growth could not be observed when nutrient broth or minimal medium was used. These observations suggest that long or swarming cells are "faster growing" rather than "nongrowing bactera."

Growth responses of race 222 of Puccinia graminis tritici in defined media

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 486-492
Author(s):  
Hardev Singh ◽  
Inderjeet Sethi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Puccinia Graminis Tritici ◽  
Defined Media

Aseptically produced uredospores of race 222 of Puccinia graminis tritici were seeded on defined liquid media containing Czapek's minerals, sucrose or glucose, and various combinations and concentrations of 19 amino acids and a tripeptide, glutathione. The cultures were incubated in the dark at 16–17 °C. A medium containing a high concentration of aspartic acid (5988 ppm), cysteine (557 ppm), and glutathione (1014 ppm) supported a profuse growth of the fungus in the form of floating white, fluffy, and vegetative colonies. A sulphur-containing amino acid appears to be essential for the axenic culture of the fungus.

Effect of time and temperature on ochratoxin A production by Aspergillus ochraceus

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1259-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald A. Sansing ◽  
Norman D. Davis ◽  
Urban L. Diener
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Shake Culture ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Stationary Culture ◽  
Ph Values

Peak ochratoxin A production by Aspergillus ochraceus occurred at 25C after 10 and 12 days incubation on a nutrient solution of 4% sucrose and 2% yeast extract. Optimal mycelial production was at 20 and 25C at 6, 8, and 10 days incubation. High pH values of 7.6–8.2 coincided with high ochratoxin production at 25C at 8-14 days incubation. Maximal amounts of ochratoxin A were produced by A. ochraceus in 25 ml of medium/125-ml flask and 75 ml of medium/500-ml flask at 25C in stationary culture in 8 days. Ochratoxin A was not produced in this medium in shake culture.

Effect of chilling on the survival of Bacteroides fragilis

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 432-436
Author(s):  
J C Hagen ◽  
W S Wood ◽  
T Hashimoto
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic Conditions

Factors affecting the susceptibility of Bacteroides fragilis subsp. fragilis to low temperature were examined. Predetermined numbers of cells were spread on agar media or suspended in enriched Trypticase soy broth and exposed to low temperature under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Exposure of 18-h growth of a freshly isolated B. fragilis strain to 4 degrees C aerobically or anaerobically resulted in a loss of at least 50% viability after 12 h. B. fragilis cells in early growth (6 h) were more tolerant to exposure at 4 degrees C than older cells (18 h). When the freshly isolated strain was repeatedly subcultured in the laboratory it was uniformly more cold tolerant than fresh clinical isolates. The incorporation of 1.0 M sucrose and 5 mM magnesium chloride into liquid media partially alleviated the lethal effects of cold temperature on B. fragilis subsp. fragilis.

scholarly journals Some observations on the influence of the micro-environment on loss of M substance in strains of Streptococcus pyogenes

1956 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
P. J. Wormald
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Nutrient Value ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Apparently Healthy

1. An M-producing strain of Streptococcus pyogenes type-12 was shown to be carried on the surface of apparently healthy tonsils for at least 3 years.2. Loss of M substance in a strain of type-3 in a tonsillar carrier was shown to be by gradual replacement of matt forms by glossy variants. This pair of naturally occurring variants showed very different growth rates as mixtures in liquid media.3. Under suitable conditions, glossy variants regularly appeared and replaced the M-producing strain from which they were derived in these and all other strains of type-3 and type-12 tested from a wide variety of sources.4. It is suggested that the selection of variants by the differential nutrient value of the micro-environment is the deciding factor in carrier strains showing loss of M substance.

Genetics of Cronartium ribicola. I. Axenic culture of haploid clones

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohun B. Kinloch Jr. ◽  
Gayle E. Dupper
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Defined Media ◽  
Sugar Pine ◽  
Pure Lines

Genetically pure lines of the mononucleate (haploid) stage of Cronartium ribicola can be grown by isolating mycelium from single spots on infected white pine needles or by culturing single basidiospores on defined media preconditioned by cell-free diffusates of massed germinating basidiospores. Although growth is initially slow, cultures can be increased rapidly by alternately subculturing from solid to liquid media and back again indefinitely. The ability to culture pure haploid clones has important implications for studying the genetic structure and sexual behavior of rust populations and the nature of virulence. Keywords: white pine blister rust, sugar pine, virulence.

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