The antibiotic activity of cultures from fungal spores collected by a spore trap on permanent pasture

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 721-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brewer ◽  
A. Taylor ◽  
M. M. Hoehn
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Fungal Population ◽  
Fungal Flora ◽  
Spore Trap ◽  
Permanent Pasture ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Growth Of Bacteria

The air and herbage fungal flora of permanent pasture at Nappan, Nova Scotia, has been sampled by means of a mobile spore trap during the spring, summer, and fall of 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, and 1972. In 1968 and 1972 a random sample of the isolates collected was grown in the laboratory and the cultures obtained screened for their ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria, fungi, and algae. In 1967, 1968, and 1972 about 25% of the isolates tested produced metabolites that were inhibitory to growth. The summer efflorescence observed in all 5 years was not accompanied by a corresponding surge of antibiotic-producing organisms, except in the early summer and fall. Five of the six most commonly found species, when collected in the fall, were more likely to produce antibiotics than the same species isolated in the spring and early summer. This changing faculty of this fungal population to produce antibiotics as the season advances was observed whether bacteria, fungi, or algae were used as test organisms. The results appear to provide experimental evidence for the utility of antibiotic production for survival.

Ovine ill-thrift in Nova Scotia:II. The production of antibiotics by fungi isolated from forest and marshland soil

1972 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brewer ◽  
A. Taylor ◽  
M. M. Hoehn
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Tidal Marsh ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Mixed Conifer ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Fungal Population ◽  
Permanent Pasture ◽  
Fungal Populations

SUMMARYThree hundred and seventy-six isolates, or about 9% of the cultures collected in 1967 and 1968 from soil of permanent pasture, that, prior to 1883, supported mixed conifer and deciduous forest, were cultivated in the laboratory. Antibiotic production was detected in 27% of the cultures. Similarly, 329 isolates, or 9% of those collected in the same period from soil of permanent pasture reclaimed from tidal marsh, were grown in the laboratory and antibiotics detected in 30%. The forest soil, because it was already known to have a denser fungal population, thus had a greater antibiotic production potential than the marshland soil. There was a small increase in the number of isolates from the forest soil that produced antibiotics when those obtained in the spring were compared to those collected in the autumn. The opposite relationship was found when the marshland isolates from the two seasons were similarly compared. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the fungal populations of these soils are a parameter in the aetiology of the ill-thrift that is found in ruminants at Nappan, Nova Scotia.

Ovine ill-thrift in Nova Scotia:I. The possible regulation of the rumen flora in sheep by the fungal flora of permanent pasture

1971 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brewer ◽  
F. W. Calder ◽  
T. M. MacIntyre ◽  
A. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Tidal Marsh ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Mixed Conifer ◽  
Fungal Population ◽  
Fungal Flora ◽  
Permanent Pasture ◽  
Ewe Lambs

SUMMARYThe growth of ewe lambs of the Shropshire breed declined and in some cases ceased at the end of July, when they grazed permanent pastures at the Experimental Farm, Nappan, Nova Scotia. This decline in growth coincided with a decrease of about three orders of magnitude in the numbers of viable rumen bacteria. At the end of July an increase of one to two orders of magnitude was observed in the numbers of viable fungi collected from the pastures. Lambs grazing pastures developed from tidal marsh of the Bay of Fundy had a better growth performance than lambs grazing adjacent pastures developed from mixed conifer-deciduous forest. The forest soils supported a greater fungal population than the marshland soil, and several species were found predominantly on the forest soil.

scholarly journals Proliferation of Antibiotic-Producing Bacteria and Concomitant Antibiotic Production as the Basis for the Antibiotic Activity of Jordan's Red Soils

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 2735-2741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph O. Falkinham ◽  
Thomas E. Wall ◽  
Justin R. Tanner ◽  
Khaled Tawaha ◽  
Feras Q. Alali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
High Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Red Soils

ABSTRACT Anecdotes, both historical and recent, recount the curing of skin infections, including diaper rash, by using red soils from the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Following inoculation of red soils isolated from geographically separate areas of Jordan, Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus were rapidly killed. Over the 3-week incubation period, the number of specific types of antibiotic-producing bacteria increased, and high antimicrobial activity (MIC, ∼10 μg/ml) was observed in methanol extracts of the inoculated red soils. Antibiotic-producing microorganisms whose numbers increased during incubation included actinomycetes, Lysobacter spp., and Bacillus spp. The actinomycetes produced actinomycin C2 and actinomycin C3. No myxobacteria or lytic bacteriophages with activity against either M. luteus or S. aureus were detected in either soil before or after inoculation and incubation. Although protozoa and amoebae were detected in the soils, the numbers were low and did not increase over the incubation period. These results suggest that the antibiotic activity of Jordan's red soils is due to the proliferation of antibiotic-producing bacteria.

scholarly journals Multiple strain analysis of Streptomyces species from Philippine marine sediments reveals intraspecies heterogeneity in antibiotic activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuckcris P. Tenebro ◽  
Dana Joanne Von L. Trono ◽  
Carmela Vannette B. Vicera ◽  
Edna M. Sabido ◽  
Jovito A. Ysulat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Marine Sediment ◽  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Strain Analysis ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Streptomyces Species

AbstractThe marine ecosystem has become the hotspot for finding antibiotic-producing actinomycetes across the globe. Although marine-derived actinomycetes display strain-level genomic and chemodiversity, it is unclear whether functional traits, i.e., antibiotic activity, vary in near-identical Streptomyces species. Here, we report culture-dependent isolation, antibiotic activity, phylogeny, biodiversity, abundance, and distribution of Streptomyces isolated from marine sediments across the west-central Philippines. Out of 2212 marine sediment-derived actinomycete strains isolated from 11 geographical sites, 92 strains exhibited antibacterial activities against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. The 16S rRNA and rpoB gene sequence analyses confirmed that antibiotic-producing strains belong to the genus Streptomyces, highlighting Streptomyces parvulus as the most dominant species and three possible new species. Antibiotic-producing Streptomyces strains were highly diverse in Southern Antique, and species diversity increase with marine sediment depth. Multiple strains with near-identical 16S rRNA and rpoB gene sequences displayed varying strength of antibiotic activities. The genotyping of PKS and NRPS genes revealed that closely related antibiotic-producing strains have similar BGC domains supported by their close phylogenetic proximity. These findings collectively suggest Streptomyces' intraspecies adaptive characteristics in distinct ecological niches that resulted in outcompeting other bacteria through differential antibiotic production.

THE ANTIBIOTIC ACTIVITY OF SOIL MICROORGANISMS AS RELATED TO BACTERIAL PLANT PATHOGENS

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 705-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. A. Patrick
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Species ◽  
Xanthomonas Species ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Antibiotic Reactions

In an attempted evaluation of the importance of soil antagonisms as a possible factor in the different survival capabilities of some bacterial plant pathogens in the soil environment, a comparison was made of the numbers of antagonists detected when different plant pathogenic species were used as test organisms in determining the "antibiotic potential" of nine "virgin" soils. It was found that there are present among the soil flora a great abundance of microorganisms intrinsically capable of antagonizing most of the bacterial pathogens tested and only for a few species are such antagonists relatively rare. There were great differences in the number of isolates antagonistic to the different pathogenic species, even in the same genus, and there seemed to be a correlation between the numbers of antagonists, as found here, and the capability of a species to maintain itself for long periods in the soil. For the most part the Xanthomonas species appeared to be most sensitive to the antagonistic soil microflora while the soft-rot-causing Erwinia species were most resistant.A comparative study of the antibiotic activity of 120 of the most active antagonistic isolates tested against 28 bacterial plant pathogens showed that each antagonist was characterized by a specific antibacterial spectrum and those antagonists having the most intense antibiotic activity usually inhibited the greatest number of bacterial species. Many antagonists were highly specific, affecting only certain groups or even certain species. The high specificity which characterized some of the antibiotic reactions was used to separate sharply, consistently, and with minimum effort such closely related species as E. carotovora and E. atroseptica or X. corylina and X. juglandis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of residual antibacterial potency in antibiotic production wastewater using a real-time quantitative method

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 1923-1929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Min Yang ◽  
Miaomiao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Wastewater Discharge ◽  
Related Substances

While antibiotic pollution has attracted considerable attention due to its potential in promoting the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment, the antibiotic activity of their related substances has been neglected, which may underestimate the environmental impacts of antibiotic wastewater discharge.

Bioproduction of Axenomycins in Batch Cultures of Streptomyces lisandri

1980 ◽  
Vol 35 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 936-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-J. Bauch ◽  
E. Leistner
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Nutritional Components ◽  
Selection For

The influence of various factors such as aeration, pH and size of the inoculum on production of axenomycin A, B, and D and on growth of Streptomyces lisandri was studied in batch cultures. An investigation of the nutritional requirements showed that growth and antibiotic production are not necessarily correlated. The yield of acenomycins was increased to 1.7 g per liter medium by repeated selection for a high producing strain. Bioautography showed that these strains produced a hitherto undescribed antibiotic and that all strains tested differed in the total amount of axenomycins produced but not in the composition of the fraction containing antibiotic activity. Addition to the medium of extra amounts of inorganic phosphate and various nitrogen sources showed that both nutritional components selectively inhibited axenomycin formation but did not inhibit growth of Streptomyces lisandri. Good growth of Streptomyces lisandri was observed in the presence of sucrose and its monomers (glucose, fructose), but whereas sucrose inhibited axenomycin formation almost completely, its monomers did not.

scholarly journals Successive Nonstatistical and Statistical Approaches for the Improved Antibiotic Activity of Rare ActinomyceteNonomuraeasp. JAJ18

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polpass Arul Jose ◽  
Solomon Robinson David Jebakumar
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Media Optimization ◽  
Burman Design ◽  
Nutritional Constituents

The selection and optimization of nutritional constituents as well as their levels for the improved production of antibiotic byNonomuraeasp. JAJ18 were carried out using combination of both nonstatistical one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method and statistical response surface methodology (RSM). Using OFAT method, starch and (NH4)2SO4were identified as suitable carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. Subsequently, starch, NaCl, and MgSO4·7H2O were recognized as the most significant media components with confidence level of above 95% using the Plackett-Burman design. The levels of the three media components were further optimized using RSM employed with Box-Behnken design. Accordingly, a second-order polynomial regression model was fitted into the experimental data. By analyzing the response surface plots as well as using numerical optimization method, the optimal levels for starch, NaCl, and MgSO4·7H2O were determined as 15.6 g/L, 0.8 g/L, and 1.98 g/L, respectively. With the optimized medium, 15.5% increase was observed in antibiotic activity of JAJ18. Results further support the use of RSM for media optimization. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of statistical media optimization for antibiotic production in rare actinomyceteNonomuraeaspecies, which will be useful for the development ofNonomuraeacultivation process for efficient antibiotic production on a large scale.

scholarly journals Optimization of an antiStaphylococcusantibiotic produced by tropical soil dwellingStreptomyces parvulus

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonashia Velho-Pereira ◽  
Nandkumar M Kamat
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Tropical Soil ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Optimization Parameters

AbstractAn antibiotic produced by strainStreptomyces parvulusshowing activity againstStaphylococcus citreuswas subjected to various optimization parameters for enhancing its production. Nutritional and physiological parameters produced byS. parvulusunder shaken flask conditions were determined. Optimization of these parameters led to 11% increase in antibiotic activity with a mean zone of inhibition of 42 mm.Highest antibiotic production was obtained at 250 rpm for 14 days with optimum temperature of 28°C and pH 7. Kuster#x2019;s modified medium containing glycerol 0.7% (v/v), casein 0.03% (w/v), NaCl 0% (w/v), phosphate 0.25% (w/v), KNO3 0.1% (w/v) and CaCO3 0.0015% (w/v) concentration was found ideal.

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