scholarly journals Optimization of an antiStaphylococcusantibiotic produced by tropical soil dwellingStreptomyces parvulus

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonashia Velho-Pereira ◽  
Nandkumar M Kamat
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Tropical Soil ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Optimization Parameters

AbstractAn antibiotic produced by strainStreptomyces parvulusshowing activity againstStaphylococcus citreuswas subjected to various optimization parameters for enhancing its production. Nutritional and physiological parameters produced byS. parvulusunder shaken flask conditions were determined. Optimization of these parameters led to 11% increase in antibiotic activity with a mean zone of inhibition of 42 mm.Highest antibiotic production was obtained at 250 rpm for 14 days with optimum temperature of 28°C and pH 7. Kuster#x2019;s modified medium containing glycerol 0.7% (v/v), casein 0.03% (w/v), NaCl 0% (w/v), phosphate 0.25% (w/v), KNO3 0.1% (w/v) and CaCO3 0.0015% (w/v) concentration was found ideal.

scholarly journals Proliferation of Antibiotic-Producing Bacteria and Concomitant Antibiotic Production as the Basis for the Antibiotic Activity of Jordan's Red Soils

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 2735-2741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph O. Falkinham ◽  
Thomas E. Wall ◽  
Justin R. Tanner ◽  
Khaled Tawaha ◽  
Feras Q. Alali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
High Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Red Soils

ABSTRACT Anecdotes, both historical and recent, recount the curing of skin infections, including diaper rash, by using red soils from the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Following inoculation of red soils isolated from geographically separate areas of Jordan, Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus were rapidly killed. Over the 3-week incubation period, the number of specific types of antibiotic-producing bacteria increased, and high antimicrobial activity (MIC, ∼10 μg/ml) was observed in methanol extracts of the inoculated red soils. Antibiotic-producing microorganisms whose numbers increased during incubation included actinomycetes, Lysobacter spp., and Bacillus spp. The actinomycetes produced actinomycin C2 and actinomycin C3. No myxobacteria or lytic bacteriophages with activity against either M. luteus or S. aureus were detected in either soil before or after inoculation and incubation. Although protozoa and amoebae were detected in the soils, the numbers were low and did not increase over the incubation period. These results suggest that the antibiotic activity of Jordan's red soils is due to the proliferation of antibiotic-producing bacteria.

scholarly journals Multiple strain analysis of Streptomyces species from Philippine marine sediments reveals intraspecies heterogeneity in antibiotic activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuckcris P. Tenebro ◽  
Dana Joanne Von L. Trono ◽  
Carmela Vannette B. Vicera ◽  
Edna M. Sabido ◽  
Jovito A. Ysulat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Marine Sediment ◽  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Strain Analysis ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Streptomyces Species

AbstractThe marine ecosystem has become the hotspot for finding antibiotic-producing actinomycetes across the globe. Although marine-derived actinomycetes display strain-level genomic and chemodiversity, it is unclear whether functional traits, i.e., antibiotic activity, vary in near-identical Streptomyces species. Here, we report culture-dependent isolation, antibiotic activity, phylogeny, biodiversity, abundance, and distribution of Streptomyces isolated from marine sediments across the west-central Philippines. Out of 2212 marine sediment-derived actinomycete strains isolated from 11 geographical sites, 92 strains exhibited antibacterial activities against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. The 16S rRNA and rpoB gene sequence analyses confirmed that antibiotic-producing strains belong to the genus Streptomyces, highlighting Streptomyces parvulus as the most dominant species and three possible new species. Antibiotic-producing Streptomyces strains were highly diverse in Southern Antique, and species diversity increase with marine sediment depth. Multiple strains with near-identical 16S rRNA and rpoB gene sequences displayed varying strength of antibiotic activities. The genotyping of PKS and NRPS genes revealed that closely related antibiotic-producing strains have similar BGC domains supported by their close phylogenetic proximity. These findings collectively suggest Streptomyces' intraspecies adaptive characteristics in distinct ecological niches that resulted in outcompeting other bacteria through differential antibiotic production.

scholarly journals Evaluation of residual antibacterial potency in antibiotic production wastewater using a real-time quantitative method

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 1923-1929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Min Yang ◽  
Miaomiao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Wastewater Discharge ◽  
Related Substances

While antibiotic pollution has attracted considerable attention due to its potential in promoting the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment, the antibiotic activity of their related substances has been neglected, which may underestimate the environmental impacts of antibiotic wastewater discharge.

Bioproduction of Axenomycins in Batch Cultures of Streptomyces lisandri

1980 ◽  
Vol 35 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 936-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-J. Bauch ◽  
E. Leistner
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Nutritional Components ◽  
Selection For

The influence of various factors such as aeration, pH and size of the inoculum on production of axenomycin A, B, and D and on growth of Streptomyces lisandri was studied in batch cultures. An investigation of the nutritional requirements showed that growth and antibiotic production are not necessarily correlated. The yield of acenomycins was increased to 1.7 g per liter medium by repeated selection for a high producing strain. Bioautography showed that these strains produced a hitherto undescribed antibiotic and that all strains tested differed in the total amount of axenomycins produced but not in the composition of the fraction containing antibiotic activity. Addition to the medium of extra amounts of inorganic phosphate and various nitrogen sources showed that both nutritional components selectively inhibited axenomycin formation but did not inhibit growth of Streptomyces lisandri. Good growth of Streptomyces lisandri was observed in the presence of sucrose and its monomers (glucose, fructose), but whereas sucrose inhibited axenomycin formation almost completely, its monomers did not.

scholarly journals Successive Nonstatistical and Statistical Approaches for the Improved Antibiotic Activity of Rare ActinomyceteNonomuraeasp. JAJ18

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polpass Arul Jose ◽  
Solomon Robinson David Jebakumar
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Media Optimization ◽  
Burman Design ◽  
Nutritional Constituents

The selection and optimization of nutritional constituents as well as their levels for the improved production of antibiotic byNonomuraeasp. JAJ18 were carried out using combination of both nonstatistical one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method and statistical response surface methodology (RSM). Using OFAT method, starch and (NH4)2SO4were identified as suitable carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. Subsequently, starch, NaCl, and MgSO4·7H2O were recognized as the most significant media components with confidence level of above 95% using the Plackett-Burman design. The levels of the three media components were further optimized using RSM employed with Box-Behnken design. Accordingly, a second-order polynomial regression model was fitted into the experimental data. By analyzing the response surface plots as well as using numerical optimization method, the optimal levels for starch, NaCl, and MgSO4·7H2O were determined as 15.6 g/L, 0.8 g/L, and 1.98 g/L, respectively. With the optimized medium, 15.5% increase was observed in antibiotic activity of JAJ18. Results further support the use of RSM for media optimization. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of statistical media optimization for antibiotic production in rare actinomyceteNonomuraeaspecies, which will be useful for the development ofNonomuraeacultivation process for efficient antibiotic production on a large scale.

THE USE OF A PERCOLATION TECHNIQUE IN STUDYING ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCTION IN SOIL

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. L. Stevenson ◽  
A. G. Lochhead
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Sterile Soil ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Streptomyces Spp

The adaptation of a percolation technique to the study of the production of antibiotics in soil is described. Antibiotic activity is determined by assays of a continuously circulating soil solution without disturbing the soil sample itself. The advantages of this technique over existing methods of study are discussed. Results are presented illustrating the production of antibiotics in sterile soil by a Penicillium sp. and two unidentified Streptomyces spp.

Use Of Baceriocin Producing Lactobacilli Strains From Fruits And Vegetables In Food Preservation

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syeda Fatima Zehra ◽  
Umaima Rubbani ◽  
Atia Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Bacteriocin Production ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Biochemical Activity ◽  
Selective Media

Bacteriocin producing bacteria plays an important role in food preservation. The bacteriocin producing Lactobacilli strains were isolated from different fruits and vegetables from the local markets of Punjab, Pakistan. The bacterial were grown on MRS selective media and their biochemical activity was checked further for the confirmation of Lactobacilli. Antimicrobial activity of these selected strains was checked against different pathogens. For further characterization of bacteriocin production by Lactobacilli, the activity of bacteriocin at different parameters such as at different temperature and pH and the proteolytic activity were checked. Antibiotic activity of bacteriocin producing Lactobacilli was also checked against ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin and tetracycline. Out of total strains isolated, 10 strains were selected as Lactobacilli on the basis of their morphology and biochemical characterization. 80% of strains showed zone of inhibition with the best zone being shown by Ct2 (14 mm) against E.coli (ETCC) and A3 (14 mm) against Enterobacteria. Bacteriocin ability of these selected strains was found maximum at 7 pH and 35ºC. The strain T1 was sensitive to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin and streptomycin and strain T2 was resistant to ciprofloxacin, streptomycin and tetracycline. The best characterized strains were selected for fruit juice preservation where lactobacilli producing bacteriocin prevent the growth of other food spoiling bacteria.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Activity of Actinobacteria from the Digestive Tract of Millipede Nedyopus dawydoffiae (Diplopoda)

Antibiotics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alla Glukhova ◽  
Anna Karabanova ◽  
Andrey Yakushev ◽  
Irina Semenyuk ◽  
Yuliya Boykova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Genus Streptomyces ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Different Strains

Because of the spread of drug resistance, it is necessary to look for new antibiotics that are effective against pathogenic microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to analyse the species composition of actinobacteria isolated from the digestive tract of the millipedes Nedyopus dawydoffiae and to determine their antimicrobial properties. Species identification was carried out on the basis of the morphological and culture properties and the sequence of the 16S rRNA gene. Actinobacteria were grown in different liquid media. Antibiotic properties were determined against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as fungi. Of the 15 isolated strains, 13 have antibiotic activity against Gram-positive bacteria (including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus—MRSA) and fungi, but there was no antibiotic activity against Gram-negative test strains Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. It was established that antibiotic-producing actinobacteria belong to eight species of the genus Streptomyces. Depending on the nutrient medium, actinobacteria demonstrate different antimicrobial activities. As an example, S. hydrogenans shows that even strains selected in one population differ by the range of antimicrobial activity and the level of biosynthesis. Since the antibiotic production is considered as a feature for species competition in the microbiota community, the variability of antibiotic production among different strains of the same species is an adaptive characteristic for the competition in millipedes’ digestive tract community.

scholarly journals Manipulation of pH Shift to Enhance the Growth and Antibiotic Activity ofXenorhabdus nematophila

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghong Wang ◽  
Xiangling Fang ◽  
Yongpeng Cheng ◽  
Xing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Ph Effects ◽  
Xenorhabdus Nematophila ◽  
Ph Shift ◽  
Constant Ph ◽  
Initial Ph

To evaluate the effects of pH control strategy on cell growth and the production of antibiotic (cyclo(2-Me-BABA-Gly)) byXenorhabdus nematophilaand enhance the antibiotic activity. The effects of uncontrolled- (different initial pH) and controlled-pH (different constant pH and pH-shift) operations on cell growth and antibiotic activity ofX. nematophilaYL00I were examined. Experiments showed that the optimal initial pH for cell growth and antibiotic production ofX. nematophilaYL001 occurred at 7.0. Under different constant pH, a pH level of 7.5 was found to be optimal for biomass and antibiotic activity at 23.71 g/L and 100.0 U/mL, respectively. Based on the kinetic information relating to the different constant pH effects on the fermentation ofX. nematophilaYL001, a two-stage pH control strategy in which pH 6.5 was maintained for the first 24 h, and then switched to 7.5 after 24 h, was established to improve biomass production and antibiotic activity. By applying this pH-shift strategy, the maximal antibiotic activity and productivity were significantly improved and reaching 185.0 U/mL and 4.41 U/mL/h, respectively, compared to values obtained from constant pH operation (100.0 U/mL and 1.39 U/mL/h).

scholarly journals Antibiotic Activity of Actinomycetes Isolated from Young Tectona Grandis (L.) Wood and Pith

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 8174-8183
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Weak Activity ◽  
H Pylori

Actinomycetes are a source for novel bioactive compounds and justify obtaining new species from various sources. Hardwoods such as Tectona grandis (L.) have not been studied for actinomycete isolation. We aim to isolate endophytic actinomycetes from young Tectona grandis wood and pith and screen for antibiotic activity. Five young wood were cut and surface sterilized using ethanol and hypochlorous acid. The wood and pith of each sample are placed in eight plates of Humic acid-vitamin B (HV), Tap water Yeast extract (TWYE), and Yeast Extract Casein Digest (YECD) medium and incubated at 27°C for four weeks. Actinomycetes were isolated from such medium, observed every week, and transferred to an International Streptomyces Project-2 (ISP-2) medium for identification and antibiotic production tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Helicobacter pylori, and Escherichia coli using the Kirby-Bauer method. Seven actinomycetes were isolated from the wood, primarily from YECD and TWYE media, with varying morphological characteristics. One isolate having maroon-colored aerial and vegetative mycelium with grey spores showed moderate antibacterial activity against S. aureus and H. pylori (13.49±1.03 mm and 14.9±0.7 mm, respectively), while two other actinomycetes showed weak activity against these bacteria. However, none of the actinomycetes show any activity against E. coli. Tectona grandis (L.) is a potential source for novel actinomycetes with an antibiotic activity which warrants further exploration

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