STIMULATION OF RHIZOMORPH DEVELOPMENT OF ARMILLARIA MELLEA BY AUREOBASIDIUM PULLULANS IN ARTIFICIAL CULTURE

1965 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gertrude D. Pentland
Keyword(s):  
Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Malt Agar ◽  
Artificial Culture ◽  
Armillaria Mellea ◽  
Stimulation Of

In artificial culture, Aureobasidium pullulans (de Bary) Arnaud produced a stimulatory effect on rhizomorph development of Armillaria mellea (Fr.) Quél. Tests were carried out on malt agar, potato dextrose agar, and a chemically defined synthetic medium. The stimulatory substance (or substances) produced by A. pullulans was extracellular, diffusible in the medium and volatile. Tests indicated that the stimulation was caused by something other than ethanol or indoleacetic acid.

scholarly journals Stimulation of Macrophages with the β-Glucan Produced by Aureobasidium pullulans Promotes the Secretion of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e0124809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Kawata ◽  
Atsushi Iwai ◽  
Daisuke Muramatsu ◽  
Shiho Aoki ◽  
Hirofumi Uchiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Stimulation Of

CHEMICAL EFFECTS ON ANTHOCYANIN BIOSYNTHESIS IN STORED CRANBERRIES

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. CANSFIELD ◽  
F. J. FRANCIS
Keyword(s):  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Pigment Production ◽  
Consumer Acceptance ◽  
Anthocyanin Pigment ◽  
Total Pigment ◽  
Chemical Effects ◽  
M 10 ◽  
Pigment Contents ◽  
Stimulation Of

Infiltration of pale colored cranberries with gibberellic acid (10−4M, 10−5M), malathion (0.38 × 10−4M), indoleacetic acid (10−6M) and galactose (10−2M) stimulated the development of anthocyanin pigment. Galactose (0.5 × 10−1M, 0.25 × 10−1M) and sucrose (10−1M, 0.5 × 10−1M, 0.25 × 10−1M) inhibited pigment production. The experimental berries all had much lower total pigment contents than well colored, vine-ripened berries. The ratios of the four main pigments were also different. The stimulation of pigment production was not great enough to influence consumer acceptance. However, the results were sufficiently encouraging to suggest that further experiments were justified.

Stimulation of indoleacetic acid production in a Rhizobium isolate of Vigna mungo by root nodule phenolic acids

2009 ◽  
Vol 191 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santi Mandal ◽  
Mahitosh Mandal ◽  
Amit Das ◽  
Bikas Pati ◽  
Ananta Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Root Nodule ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
Rhizobium Isolate ◽  
Stimulation Of

ETHANOL PRODUCED BY AUREOBASIDIUM PULLULANS AND ITS EFFECT ON THE GROWTH OF ARMILLARIA MELLEA

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1631-1639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gertrude D. Pentland
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Armillaria Mellea ◽  
Ethanol Ethanol ◽  
Cell Free Filtrate

The cell-free filtrate of a liquid culture of Aureobasidium pullulans (de Bary) Arnaud contained a substance which stimulated the growth of Armillaria niellea (Fr.) Quél. This stimulatory effect was apparent when either rhizomorph tips or undifferentiated mycelium on water agar discs were used as inoculum, indicating an effect on both rhizomorph initiation and elongation. The cell-free filtrate was shown by gas chromatography to contain ethanol. Ethanol had an effect on the growth of A. mellea similar to that of the cell-free filtrate.Growth of A. mellea was stimulated by the presence of ethanol in the medium and the degree of stimulation was shown to be dependent on the total amount of ethanol available at a concentration of 500 p.p.m. Ethanol added at regular intervals as lower concentrations in the medium stimulated the growth of A. mellea as much as one higher initial concentration. A concentration of ethanol as low as 50 p.p.m. added daily for 14 days was more effective than an initial concentration of 700 p.p.m. in stimulating rhizomorph development of A. mellea.

scholarly journals Stimulation of Armillaria rhizomorph growth by oak root fungi

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Kwaśna ◽  
Urszula Kotyńska ◽  
Piotr Łakomy ◽  
Ken Mallet
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Sporothrix Schenckii ◽  
Geotrichum Candidum ◽  
Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes ◽  
Armillaria Mellea ◽  
Root Fungi ◽  
Stimulation Of

Thirty one different genera of fungi were isolated from the wood of roots of 5O·year·old oak (<i>Quercus robur</i>). The most frequently isolated fungi were: <i>Mycelium radicis atrovirens alpha (MRAA), Clonostachys</i> sp. and <i>Penicillium daleae, Beauveria bassiana, Clonostachys sp., Cryplosporiopsis rodicicolo, Geotrichum candidum, Mortierella vinacea, MRAA, P. daleae, P. janczewskii P. spinulosum, Sporothrix schenckii</i> and <i>Tolypocladium niveum</i> significantly enhanced <i>Armillaria mellea</i> rhizomorph initiation and growth from oak branch segments <i>in vitro</i>. The biggest stimulation effect was noticed when the dematiaceous hyphomycetes, e.g. <i>MRAA, P. dimorphospora</i> and <i>S. schenckii</i> were studied.

Intake of Ferritin by Armillaria mellea Hyphae

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 364-365
Author(s):  
Arya K. Bal ◽  
Pritam Singh
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Nutrient Absorption ◽  
Malt Agar ◽  
Functional Aspect ◽  
Armillaria Mellea

Our earlier study on the fine structure of young hyphae of Armillaria mellea revealed the presence of numerous invaginations of the plasma-membrane - the so called lomasomes. Functions of these plasma-membrane modifications still remain ambiguous although suggestions have been made as to their involvement in nutrient absorption. With a view to clarifying this functional aspect, ferritin was employed as a marker to trace its path of intake into the hyphal cells.The fungus was isolated from mycelial fans present under the bark of infected roots of Picea glauca (Moench). Voss and maintained on 2% Malt agar. Periferal hyphae from 19 days old culture of A. mellea were exposed to 0.1 ml of a 0.5% aqueous ferritin (Pentax, Inc. 104 ug/ml) solution. The solution was injected into the agar containing the peripheral hyphae. Samples of hyphae were fixed 1-5 seconds after exposure and at 30 minutes, 3 hours, 10 hours, and 24 hours. Fixation, embedding and staining was followed according to the method described by Bal and Singh.

Nectar secretion in excised flowers. VI. Relationship of secretion to protein metabolism

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 833-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Shuel ◽  
W. Tsao
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Sugar Transport ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Nectar Secretion ◽  
Protein Gel ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Stimulation Of

The relationship of nectar secretion in snapdragon to protein metabolism, and the influence on both processes of indoleacetic acid (IAA) and to a lesser extent pollination, were both studied. Indoleacetic acid at 5 × 10−4 M appeared to initiate a reorganization in the nectary which led to the stimulation of growth and an early termination of secretion. Two hours after treatment began, incorporation of [14C]uracil into RNA was 60% higher than in controls. A twofold to threefold increase in protein synthesis from [14C]sucrose followed but with no increase and usually a reduction in total nectary protein, despite considerable enlargement of the nectary. These effects suggested a differential action of IAA on protein synthesis and an enhanced degradation of existing protein. Changes in RNA and protein gel electropherograms, and a lowering of the adsorptive capacity of protein in nectary homogenate for [14C]sucrose, were also noted. Actinomycin C, puromycin, and chloramphenicol, like IAA, strongly inhibited secretion but differed from IAA with respect to other effects. None stimulated nectary growth. Actinomycin inhibited synthesis of protein from [14C]sucrose. Puromycin and chloramphenicol increased the amount of protein synthesized from [14C]sucrose but reduced the total protein content. Changes in the nectary following pollination resembled those caused by IAA with respect to RNA and protein gel patterns, stimulation of growth, reduction in tissue protein concentration, and cessation of nectar secretion. It is possible, though not demonstrated, that termination of secretion by IAA and pollination was mediated by changes in proteins associated with sugar transport.

scholarly journals Hormetic Effects of Mixtures of Carbendazim and Iprodione on the Virulence of Botrytis cinerea

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menglong Cong ◽  
Shun He ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Chaoxi Luo ◽  
Fuxing Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Additive Interaction ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Fungicide Mixtures ◽  
Stimulation Of

Hormetic effects of fungicides on mycelial growth and virulence of plant pathogenic fungi have been reported, but the effects of fungicide mixtures on virulence hormesis of plant pathogens remain to be investigated. In this study, hormetic effects of mixtures of carbendazim and iprodione on the virulence of two carbendazim-resistant isolates of Botrytis cinerea were determined. Spraying carbendazim alone at 3 to 800 μg/ml exhibited hormetic effects on virulence to cucumber leaves, and carbendazim at 10 μg/ml had the maximum stimulation of 16.7% for isolate HBtom451. Spraying iprodione alone at 0.0001 to 0.0625 μg/ml exhibited hormetic effects on virulence, and iprodione at 0.025 μg/ml had the maximum stimulation of 18.7% for isolate HBtom451. However, spraying simultaneously carbendazim at 800 μg/ml and iprodione at 0.0625 μg/ml showed inhibitory effects on virulence to cucumber leaves. The mixture of carbendazim at 3 μg/ml and iprodione at 0.0001 μg/ml had much higher virulence stimulations than either fungicide at the same concentration alone. The maximum stimulation for the mixtures occurred at 10 and 0.0005 μg/ml for carbendazim and iprodione, respectively, and these concentrations were much lower than the concentration of their respective fungicide alone eliciting the maximum stimulations. The maximum stimulation amplitude for the mixture was slightly higher than that of each fungicide alone. These results demonstrated that carbendazim and iprodione mainly had dose-additive rather than amplitude-additive interactions when sprayed simultaneously with regard to virulence stimulations. Studies on virulence stimulations for mycelia treated with fungicide in potato dextrose agar showed that the maximum stimulation for the mixtures occurred at concentrations much lower than the concentration of carbendazim alone, indicating a dose-additive interaction when compared with carbendazim hormesis. Studies on potential physiological mechanisms of hormesis showed that increased tolerance to H2O2 may be one of the mechanisms for virulence hormesis for the mixtures of iprodione and carbendazim. These studies will advance our understanding of hormesis of fungicide mixtures.

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