SUPPRESSION AND STIMULATION OF MYCELIAL GROWTH OF PHYTOPHTHORA CRYPTOGEA BY CERTAIN THIAMINE-REQUIRING AND THIAMINE-SYNTHESIZING BACTERIA

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 945-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Erwin ◽  
H. Katznelson
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Phytophthora Cryptogea ◽  
Deficient Medium ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Stimulation Of

Preculturing a synthetic medium with bacteria of the genus Arthrobacter reduced growth of Phytophthora cryptogea. The growth reduction appeared to be due chiefly to utilization of thiamine by the bacteria. However, there was some evidence that these bacteria also removed other fungal nutrients from the medium. When the bacteria were streaked on synthetic agar media, radial growth of the fungus on the same plates was reduced only when the thiamine concentration was low. Certain other bacteria stimulated mycelial growth of P. cryptogea in a thiamine-deficient medium by producing either thiamine or thiamine-like substances.

Influence of some carbon sources on growth of Cochliobolus sativus

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-685
Author(s):  
R. V. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Agar Media

Four isolates of C. sativus were able to use a number of carbon sources to varying degrees with little evidence of a differential growth response by the isolates. With most carbon sources the response was different when growth on liquid media was compared with that on agar media. Dextrin and L-sorbose were exceptions as dextrin supported good growth with both types and L-sorbose poor with both. Lactose supported the best mycelial growth on liquid media and dextrin the best radial growth and sporulation on agar media when compared with sucrose.

Hypoxylon mammatum ascospore germination and mycelial growth on bark and wood media from young branches of trembling aspen

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (13) ◽  
pp. 1438-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. French ◽  
P. D. Manion
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Nutrient Source ◽  
Wood Tissue ◽  
Inhibiting Factors ◽  
Ascospore Germination ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Hypoxylon Mammatum

Hypoxylon mammatum radial growth rates increased with increasing concentrations of propylene-oxide-sterilized bark or wood tissue from fourth-season branches as sole nutrient source in agar media. Assay of bark and wood of one- to three-season-old branches demonstrated clonal and seasonal variation in growth-promoting and spore-germination-inhibiting factors.

scholarly journals Internal mycoflora of Chinese straw mushroom basidiocarp-in vitro effects on mushroom growth

1969 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
Lydia I. Rivera-Vargas ◽  
Paul R. Hepperly
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Straw Mushroom ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Rhizopus Sp

Twelve genera and species of fungi were identified from surface disinfected [0.5% Ca(OCl)2 for 4 min.] mushroom pileus tissue. Overall fungi, Rhizopus sp. (30%) and Monilia sitophila (asexual stage of Neurospora sitophila Shear et Dodge) (10%) were the most frequently recovered species. Aspergillus flavus Link ex Fries, A. fumigatus Fries., M. sitophila and Chaetomium bostrychodes Zopf were found both as internal fungi in the basidiocarps and competitors on sugarcane bagasse mushroom beds. Radial growth reduction of V. volvacea by fungal competitors depended on incubation temperature and the nature of the fungal competitor present. In vitro antagonism was tested for the Chinese straw mushroom and its internal basidiocarp mycoflora. Aspergillus niger van Tieghem caused 100% reduction of mushroom mycelial growth at 27° and 35° C, whereas A. carbonarius (Bainier) Thom caused 62.5% mushroom mycelial growth reduction at 27° C, and 38.8% at 35° C. Generally the internal mycoflora was less antagonistic at 35° C than at 27° C.

scholarly journals Indian Mustard and Allyl Isothiocyanate Inhibit Sclerotium rolfsii

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie G. Harvey ◽  
Heather N. Hannahan ◽  
Carl E. Sams
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Soilborne Pathogen ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Sclerotial Germination

Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is the predominant isothiocyanate produced by damaged tissues of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L) Czerniak). This study investigated Indian mustard and AITC mediated suppression of mycelial growth and sclerotial germination of Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo, a common soilborne pathogen. Indian mustard (IM) treatments of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.6, 1.0, 2.0, 4.1, 5.1, 10.2, 20.4, 40.8, 81.6, and 163.3 g·L-1 (weight of reconstituted mustard per liter of air) were evaluated for suppression of mycelial growth. Treatment effect was evaluated by measuring the radial growth of mycelia. Sclerotia were placed in culture tubes containing 18 g autoclaved soil and covered with an additional 5 g soil. AITC at concentrations of 0, 4.0, 16.0, 64.0, 256.0, 1024.0, or 4096.0 μmol·L-1 was injected into the tubes. Treated sclerotia were removed from tubes and plated on potato dextrose agar to determine viability. Mycelial growth was inhibited with IM treatments (P < 0.01). Inhibiting concentrations (IC) of IM for mycelial growth inhibition of 50% and 90% were 0.7 and 1.0 g·L-1, respectively, with death resulting with >2 g·L-1. Inhibition attributable to AITC alone was lower than that achieved by IM producing equivalent amounts of AITC. Germination of sclerotia was negatively correlated with AITC concentration (r = 0.96; P < 0.01). The IC50 and IC90, of AITC were 249.0 and 528.8 μmol·L-1, respectively, at 42 hours. The lethal concentration for sclerotia was not reached; only suppression occurred at the highest treatment concentrations. Sclerotium rolfsii mycelia were sensitive to the IM volatiles and were suppressed at low concentrations. Sclerotia were more resistant than the mycelia and required higher concentrations of AITC to suppress germination.

Synchronie large-scale disturbances and red spruce growth decline

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1361-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory A. Reams ◽  
Paul C. Van Deusen
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Southern Appalachians ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Usda Forest Service ◽  
Tree Ring Data ◽  
Growth Decline

Tree-ring data from the USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory & Analysis and other independent sources were used to study coincidence of changes in growth and large-scale disturbances. Numerous studies report that mean radial growth of red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) declined synchronously throughout its range in the early 1960s. We use red spruce tree-ring data from most of the major studies to show that the synchronicity of red spruce growth decline is likely the outcome of the large-scale disturbances that occurred throughout the northeastern red spruce ecosystem in the late 1930s to early 1950s. Large-scale disturbances are either not detectable or not present in the same time interval in the southern Appalachians. This appears to correspond to an absence of a 1960s radial growth reduction in this region.

Synergism between ouabain and monensin in neurogenic responses of guinea-pig vas deferens

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 643-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Katsuragi ◽  
Lulu Kuratomi ◽  
Koji Miyamoto ◽  
Tatsuo Furukawa
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Atpase Inhibitor ◽  
Exchange System ◽  
Deficient Medium ◽  
Small Contraction ◽  
Monensin A ◽  
Stimulation Of

Interrelations between ouabain, a Na+–K+ ATPase inhibitor, and monensin, a Na+ ionophore, on noradrenaline liberation and contractile activity were evaluated in the guinea-pig vas deferens. Monensin (1 μM) per se elicited a small contraction of the tissue. However, amplitude and time to the peak of large and sustained contractions evoked by 10 μM ouabain were potentiated and markedly shortened, respectively, by monensin. Contractions elicited by ouabain with or without monensin were prevented by 3 μM phentolamine or by pretreatment with reserpine. Contractions evoked by K+-free solution were augmented by monensin. In an HPLC study, noradrenaline outflow from the vas deferens was moderately and considerably increased by monensin (10 μM) and ouabain (100 μM), respectively. The ouabain-evoked output of noradrenaline was enhanced in the presence of monensin and the time course for maximum noradrenaline release was shortened, as was the contractile activity. This enhanced outflow after ouabain plus monensin was reserpine sensitive but not tetrodotoxin sensitive. Furthermore, this noradrenaline outflow was roughly halved in Na+-deficient medium, but was unaltered in Ca2+-free medium. These findings suggest that the synergistic effect of ouabain and monensin on noradrenaline liberation from the guinea-pig vas deferens may be due to an elevation of cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentrations, presumably resulting from a stimulation of intracellular Na+–Ca2+ exchange system, but not enhanced Ca2+ entry.

Pleurotus ostreatus requirements for P, K, Mg, and Mn in submerged culture

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 620-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wireko Manu-Tawiah ◽  
Antonio M. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Submerged Culture ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
The Media ◽  
Extract Medium

The nutritional requirements of P, K, Mg, and Mn for the mycelial growth of the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus have been studied. Experiments were conducted in submerged culture using a synthetic medium and a peat-extract-based medium. Requirements for both additional phosphorus and additional potassium were detected, and supplementing the peat extract medium with potassium phosphate enhanced the mycelial growth. The addition of yeast extract and potassium phosphate, combined with the peat extract, produced the highest dry biomass concentration in this work, 6.8 g/L. Linear relationships were found between the dry biomass concentration of P. ostreatus and the concentration of KH2PO4 added to the media. No additional requirement for magnesium beyond that existing in the peat extract medium was detected. Supplementing this medium with manganese in the range of 0.1 to 0.15 g/L produced a slight increase in the growth.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Phytophthora nicotianae From Tobacco to Fluopicolide, Mandipropamid, and Oxathiapiprolin

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 2119-2125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianli Qu ◽  
Yuanyuan Shao ◽  
Alexander S. Csinos ◽  
Pingsheng Ji
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Pathogen Population ◽  
Baseline Sensitivity ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Black Shank

Black shank incited by Phytophthora nicotianae is a devastating disease in the production of tobacco. Fungicides have been commonly used for managing the disease; however, there is only a narrow pool of effective fungicides. A few new fungicides became available in recent years, including fluopicolide, mandipropamid, and oxathiapiprolin, which reduced diseases incited by oomycetes under field conditions. Limited information is available regarding sensitivity of P. nicotianae isolates to these new fungicides. Research was conducted to determine effects of the three new fungicides on P. nicotianae isolates from tobacco in Georgia. Studies with 106 isolates indicated that they did not grow when agar medium was amended with the fungicides at the rate of 1 μg/ml. Twenty isolates were used for in vitro studies to determine sensitivity to the fungicides. Fluopicolide, mandipropamid, and oxathiapiprolin inhibited mycelial growth of the isolates with mean EC50 values (effective concentrations that provide 50% growth reduction) of 0.09, 0.04, and 0.001 μg/ml, respectively. EC50 values of fluopicolide, mandipropamid, and oxathiapiprolin for inhibiting sporangial formation were 0.15, 0.03, and 0.0002 μg/ml, respectively. EC50 values for suppressing zoospore germination averaged 0.16, 0.04, and 0.002 μg/ml for fluopicolide, mandipropamid, and oxathiapiprolin, respectively. Results from the study indicated that P. nicotianae isolates from tobacco in Georgia were sensitive to the fungicides, with lower EC50 for oxathiapiprolin than for fluopicolide and mandipropamid. The information on effectiveness and baseline sensitivity of fungicides on P. nicotianae will facilitate monitoring of resistance development in the pathogen population.

Fungicides to control fungal competitors in Chinese straw mushroom

1969 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-176
Author(s):  
Lydia I. Rivera-Vargas ◽  
Paul R. Hepperly
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Coffee Pulp ◽  
Perceived Importance ◽  
Straw Mushroom ◽  
Visible Growth

Laboratory and production bed observations reveal that the major fungal competitors of the Chinese straw mushroom growing on sugarcane bagasse are Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., Corticium sp., Coprinus sp., Aspergillus flavus Link ex Fries and Chaetomium globosum Kunze ex Steud. Because of their perceived importance, these five fungi were selected for control studies. The selectivity of fungicides for the control of these fungi in Chinese straw mushroom beds was tested in vitro. Benomyl, captan, carboxin, chloroneb, mancozeb and penthachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) were tested in poison agar tests at the rates of 1, 10 and 100 p/m a.i. with Chinese straw mushroom and the selective competitors. Mushroom radial growth was reduced in all treatments of carboxin and at 10 and 100 p/m of chloroneb. Compared to these, PCNB was intermediately toxic. Chinese straw mushroom was tolerant to all concentrations of benomyl, captan and mancozeb. A. flavus radial growth was highly reduced with benomyl and slightly reduced by carboxin, chloroneb and PCNB. S. rolfsii showed growth reduction at 10 and 100 p/m of PCNB, chloroneb and carboxin. Growth of Coprinus sp., Corticium sp., C. globosum and A. flavus was reduced over 90% with treatments of benomyl at 100 p/m. Fungicidal sprays were evaluated in vivo on sugarcane bagasse and coffee pulp beds. Poor pasteurization of the coffee pulp was associated with rampant development of Aspergillus fumigatus Fries. and Mucor sp. Partial superficial control of these fungi was obtained with mancozeb alone (50 to 75% reduction of visible growth). Benomyl alone and in combination with mancozeb gave excellent suppression of fungi on the mushroom beds (90% reduction of visible growth). None of the treatments controlled fungi within the beds.

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