Hypoxylon mammatum ascospore germination and mycelial growth on bark and wood media from young branches of trembling aspen

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (13) ◽  
pp. 1438-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. French ◽  
P. D. Manion
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Nutrient Source ◽  
Wood Tissue ◽  
Inhibiting Factors ◽  
Ascospore Germination ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Hypoxylon Mammatum

Hypoxylon mammatum radial growth rates increased with increasing concentrations of propylene-oxide-sterilized bark or wood tissue from fourth-season branches as sole nutrient source in agar media. Assay of bark and wood of one- to three-season-old branches demonstrated clonal and seasonal variation in growth-promoting and spore-germination-inhibiting factors.

Influence of some carbon sources on growth of Cochliobolus sativus

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-685
Author(s):  
R. V. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Agar Media

Four isolates of C. sativus were able to use a number of carbon sources to varying degrees with little evidence of a differential growth response by the isolates. With most carbon sources the response was different when growth on liquid media was compared with that on agar media. Dextrin and L-sorbose were exceptions as dextrin supported good growth with both types and L-sorbose poor with both. Lactose supported the best mycelial growth on liquid media and dextrin the best radial growth and sporulation on agar media when compared with sucrose.

Biological control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in lettuce by Fusarium lateritium

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (125) ◽  
pp. 272 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Sitepu ◽  
HR Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Subsequent Infection ◽  
Fusarium Lateritium ◽  
Ascospore Germination ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Inhibition Zones

Fusarium lateritium inhibited ascospore germination and mycelial growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in various agar media. Although the inhibition zones produced by F. lateritium were most extensive at 20�C, they were still substantial at 5 and 30�C. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum requires organic matter on the soil surface for subsequent infection of lettuce stems in pots. The introduction of F. lateritium into such pots, 7 h before introducing S. sclerotiorum, gave protection. In infected pots with organic matter, 99% of plants were infected after 6 d, whereas only 5% were infected when F. lateritium was introduced. After 14 d these values increased to 100 and 33%, respectively.

SUPPRESSION AND STIMULATION OF MYCELIAL GROWTH OF PHYTOPHTHORA CRYPTOGEA BY CERTAIN THIAMINE-REQUIRING AND THIAMINE-SYNTHESIZING BACTERIA

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 945-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Erwin ◽  
H. Katznelson
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Phytophthora Cryptogea ◽  
Deficient Medium ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Stimulation Of

Preculturing a synthetic medium with bacteria of the genus Arthrobacter reduced growth of Phytophthora cryptogea. The growth reduction appeared to be due chiefly to utilization of thiamine by the bacteria. However, there was some evidence that these bacteria also removed other fungal nutrients from the medium. When the bacteria were streaked on synthetic agar media, radial growth of the fungus on the same plates was reduced only when the thiamine concentration was low. Certain other bacteria stimulated mycelial growth of P. cryptogea in a thiamine-deficient medium by producing either thiamine or thiamine-like substances.

scholarly journals Indian Mustard and Allyl Isothiocyanate Inhibit Sclerotium rolfsii

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie G. Harvey ◽  
Heather N. Hannahan ◽  
Carl E. Sams
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Soilborne Pathogen ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Sclerotial Germination

Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is the predominant isothiocyanate produced by damaged tissues of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L) Czerniak). This study investigated Indian mustard and AITC mediated suppression of mycelial growth and sclerotial germination of Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo, a common soilborne pathogen. Indian mustard (IM) treatments of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.6, 1.0, 2.0, 4.1, 5.1, 10.2, 20.4, 40.8, 81.6, and 163.3 g·L-1 (weight of reconstituted mustard per liter of air) were evaluated for suppression of mycelial growth. Treatment effect was evaluated by measuring the radial growth of mycelia. Sclerotia were placed in culture tubes containing 18 g autoclaved soil and covered with an additional 5 g soil. AITC at concentrations of 0, 4.0, 16.0, 64.0, 256.0, 1024.0, or 4096.0 μmol·L-1 was injected into the tubes. Treated sclerotia were removed from tubes and plated on potato dextrose agar to determine viability. Mycelial growth was inhibited with IM treatments (P < 0.01). Inhibiting concentrations (IC) of IM for mycelial growth inhibition of 50% and 90% were 0.7 and 1.0 g·L-1, respectively, with death resulting with >2 g·L-1. Inhibition attributable to AITC alone was lower than that achieved by IM producing equivalent amounts of AITC. Germination of sclerotia was negatively correlated with AITC concentration (r = 0.96; P < 0.01). The IC50 and IC90, of AITC were 249.0 and 528.8 μmol·L-1, respectively, at 42 hours. The lethal concentration for sclerotia was not reached; only suppression occurred at the highest treatment concentrations. Sclerotium rolfsii mycelia were sensitive to the IM volatiles and were suppressed at low concentrations. Sclerotia were more resistant than the mycelia and required higher concentrations of AITC to suppress germination.

Baseline Sensitivities of Major Citrus, Pome, and Stone Fruits Postharvest Pathogens to Natamycin and Estimation of the Resistance Potential in Penicillium digitatum

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Chen ◽  
Helga Forster ◽  
James Adaskaveg
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
The United States ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Penicillium Digitatum ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Food Preservative ◽  
Agar Media

Natamycin is a biofungicide that was recently registered for postharvest use on citrus and stone fruits in the United States. It has been used as a food preservative for many decades, with no resistance ever observed to date. The objective of this study was to determine baseline sensitivities for mycelial growth of 43 to 72 isolates of seven postharvest pathogens to natamycin and the resistance potential of Penicillium digitatum. Mean effective concentrations to inhibit mycelial growth by 50% (EC50 values), as determined by the spiral gradient method, were 0.90 μg/ml for Alternaria alternata, 0.76 μg/ml for Botrytis cinerea, 3.20 μg/ml for Geotrichum citri-aurantii, 0.17 μg/ml for Monilinia fructicola, 1.54 μg/ml for Penicillium digitatum, 1.14 μg/ml for P. expansum, and 0.48 μg/ml for Rhizopus stolonifer. Distributions of EC50 values for each pathogen were unimodal and mostly normal with no outliers detected. Natamycin was also inhibitory to spore germination with values for five of the species similar to those for mycelial growth. Microscopically, natamycin generally arrested spores at the pre-germination swelling stage. Mass platings of conidial mixtures of ten isolates of P. digitatum were inoculated on agar media with 2.5-log radial concentration gradients of natamycin or fludioxonil, and platings of G. citri-aurantii were executed on media amended with natamycin or propiconazole. No resistant isolates were observed for both species to natamycin or for G. citri-aurantii to propiconazole, whereas a resistance frequency of 4.5 x 10-6 to 3.1 x 10-6 was calculated for P. digitatum to fludioxonil. The wide spectrum of activity against different fungal pathogens and a low resistance potential support the registration of natamycin as a postharvest treatment and its integration into an integrated pest management program with other practices including sanitation and rotation of other fungicides with different modes of action.

Impact of Seasonal Variation on the Structure and Activity of vascular Cambium in ficus Religiosa1

IAWA Journal ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. O. Siddiqi
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Vascular Cambium ◽  
Ficus Religiosa ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Structure And Activity ◽  
Ray Initials

In Ficus religiosa (Moraceae) extension and radial growth occurs in late July and early August, respectively, under the local climate of Aligarh. The derivative tissue differentiates into xylem and phloem simultaneously in August. The phloem production stops late in August, restarts early October and then continues up to November. The xylogenesis continues up to November without interruption. Formation of the precursor phloem is observed in March. Cell size and the relative proportion of fusiform and ray initials vary with season.

scholarly journals PROSPECÇÃO E AVALIAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL BIOTECNOLÓGICO DE LINHAGENS COMERCIAIS DE SHIITAKE

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 640-649
Author(s):  
Dalvan Pereira Abilio ◽  
Olívia Gomes Martins ◽  
Giovana Silva ◽  
Meire Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Lentinula Edodes ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Biotechnological Potential ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Eucalyptus Sawdust

PROSPECÇÃO E AVALIAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL BIOTECNOLÓGICO DE LINHAGENS COMERCIAIS DE SHIITAKE   DALVAN PEREIRA ABÍLIO1, OLÍVIA GOMES MARTINS2, GIOVANA CRISTINA PINTO ALVES DA SILVA3, MEIRE CRISTINA NOGUEIRA DE ANDRADE4   1 Graduando em Ciências Biológicas, Centro Universitário Sagrado Coração – Unisagrado, R. Irmã Arminda, 10-50 - Jardim Brasil, 17011-160 Bauru, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Doutoranda em Agronomia – Energia na Agricultura, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Av. Universitária, 3780 - Altos do Paraíso, 18610-034, Botucatu, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Mestre em Agronomia – Energia na Agricultura, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Av. Universitária, 3780 - Altos do Paraíso, 18610-034, Botucatu, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 4 Docente da Faculdade Gran Tietê, Av. 15 de Novembro, 125 - Centro, 17340-000, Barra Bonita, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]   RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar e comparar o crescimento micelial in vitro de quatro linhagens comerciais de Lentinula edodes (LE-241, LE-242, LE-243 e LE-244) em meio de cultura à base de serragem de eucalipto, suplementado com bagaço de malte ou farelo de trigo. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x4 (substratos x linhgens), totalizando oito tratamentos, cada um com cinco repetições. Os substratos foram preparados com 20% de suplementação, acrescidos de calcário (tamponante), umidificados e esterilizados. Os meios de cultura foram preparados a partir da infusão dos substratos, filtração, adição de ágar e esterilização. As placas foram inoculadas com as linhagens e o crescimento radial do micélio na superfície do meio de cultura foi mensurado com paquímetro. O menor desenvolvimento micelial ocorreu com a linhagem LE-241 e com a linhagem LE-243 no substrato suplementado com farelo de trigo. Os maiores desenvolvimentos foram obtidos com as linhagens LE-242 e LE-244 no substrado suplementado com bagaço de malte. O desenvolvimento de todas as linhagens foi maior no substrato suplementado com bagaço de malte. Sendo assim, a utilização do bagaço de malte para o crescimento micelial é uma alternativa viável à suplementação tradicional com farelo de trigo.   Palavras-chave: fungos, cogumelo, Lentinula edodes, micélio, bagaço de malte.   PROSPECTING AND EVALUATING THE BIOTECHNOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF SHIITAKE COMMERCIAL STRAINS   ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the in vitro mycelial growth of four commercial Lentinula edodes strains (LE-241, LE-242, LE-243 and LE-244) in a culture medium based on eucalyptus sawdust, supplemented with malt bagasse or wheat bran. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2x4 factorial scheme (substrates x strains), totaling eight treatments, each with five repetitions. The substrates were prepared with 20% supplementation, added with lime (buffer), humidified and sterilized. The culture media were prepared from the infusion of substrates, filtration, addition of agar and sterilization. The plates were inoculated with the strains and the radial growth of the mycelium on the surface of the culture medium was measured using a caliper. The smallest mycelial growth occurred with the LE-241 strain and with the LE-243 strain on the substrate supplemented with wheat bran. The greatest growths were obtained with the LE-242 and LE-244 strains in the substrate supplemented with malt bagasse. The development of all strains was greater in the substrate supplemented with malt bagasse. Therefore, the use of malt bagasse for mycelial growth is a viable alternative to traditional wheat bran supplementation.   Keywords: fungi, mushroom, Lentinula edodes, mycelium, malt bagasse.

scholarly journals Growth-promoting thermophilic microorganisms in self-heating pasteurized substrate improve Agaricus bisporus mycelial growth

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. e1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yazmín C. Díaz-Martínez ◽  
Griselda K. Guillén ◽  
José E. Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Thermophilic Microorganisms ◽  
Self Heating ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Digitaria Eriantha ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Mushroom Yield ◽  
Positive Effect

Background: Certain microorganisms during the preparation of substrate for growing Agaricus bisporus are of great interest for the conversion of organic material and for the excretion of a wide range of metabolites with growth regulation activities that may affect the mycelial growth processes and mushroom yield. Adding beneficial microorganisms in the substrate may be a biotechnological alternative to optimize A. bisporus cultivation. Objective: Isolate and evaluate thermophilic microorganisms from self-heating pasteurized substrate with growth-promoting effects on A. bisporus cultivation. Methods: Different microorganisms were isolated and selected at 45 and 55 °C. They were tested for siderophore production, 1-octen-3-ol consumption, and phosphate solubilization in coculture with A. bisporus to determine their growth effects on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and on sterile pangola grass (Digitaria eriantha). Results: Of the 106 microorganisms isolated, 88 % were able to grow in the presence of 1-octen-3-ol, while 1 % had the capacity to produce siderophores, and 55 % had the ability to solubilize phosphate. The strains Bacillus hisashii ECS-B-65, B. licheniformis ECS-B-78, Rhizomucor pusillus ECS-710 and ECS-712, Aspergillus fumigatus ECS-709, and Thermomyces sp. ECS-711 were found to have a positive effect on A. bisporus mycelial growth.

Mycelial growth, sclerotial production and carbon utilization of three Typhula species

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-317
Author(s):  
C Wu ◽  
T Hsiang
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Carbon Utilization ◽  
Turfgrass Disease ◽  
Snow Mould ◽  
Typhula Incarnata ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Temperature Optima

The mycelial growth, sclerotial production, and carbon utilization of the snow mould biocontrol agent Typhula phacorrhiza Fries were compared with the two grey snow mould fungi, Typhula ishikariensis Imai and Typhula incarnata Lasch ex Fries. Variation was observed among the four isolates for each species, but there was greater variation among species. All three species were able to grow at the lowest temperature (0°C), but temperature optima differed with T. ishikariensis lowest and T. phacorrhiza highest. On potato dextrose agar or potato malt agar at 10°C, T. phacorrhiza had greater radial growth than T. ishikariensis but less than T. incarnata. All species could utilize microcrystalline cellulose, bacto-cellulose, and glucose as carbon sources, but radial growth of T. phacorrhiza was significantly greater than T. incarnata and T. ishikariensis on these defined carbon sources tested, except for Indulin-AT, which was inhibitory to T. incarnata and T. phacorrhiza. This greater ability to utilize these structural and storage carbohydrates, combined with mycelial growth and sclerotial production over a wider range of temperatures, may help explain how some isolates of T. phacorrhiza are able to outcompete grey snow mould in field tests.Key words: turfgrass disease, biocontrol, psychrophilic.

scholarly journals Biocontrol of Large Patch Disease in Zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica) by Bacillus subtilis SA-15: Identification of Active Compounds and Synergism with a Fungicide

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Young-Sun Kim ◽  
Kyo-Suk Lee ◽  
Hong-Gi Kim ◽  
Geung-Joo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Large Patch ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Patch Disease ◽  
Farming Soil

Bacillus subtilis SA-15 is a plant growth-promoting bacterium isolated from non-farming soil. We aimed to identify lipopeptides produced by B. subtilis SA-15 and evaluate the control efficacy of B. subtilis SA-15 against large patch disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG 2-2 (IV) in zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica). Bacillus subtilis SA-15 inhibited mycelial growth of R. solani AG 2-2 (IV) in vitro and produced fengycin A and dehydroxyfengycin A, which are antifungal compounds. Fengycin A and deghydroxyfengycin A inhibited R. solani mycelial growth by 30.4 and 63.2%, respectively. We formulated B. subtilis SA-15 into a wettable powder and determined its control efficiency against large patch in a field trial. The control efficacy was 51.2–92.0%. Moreover, when B. subtilis SA-15 powder was applied together with half the regular dose of the fungicide pecycuron, the control efficacy was 88.5–100.0%. These results indicate that B. subtilis SA-15 can be used to control soil-borne diseases, including large patch caused by R. solani, because of lipopeptide production. The use of this bacterium can also reduce the amount of fungicide needed, providing an eco-friendly management option for turfgrass.

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