Shelf life prediction of straw mushrooms (Volvariella volvacea) based food enhancer using accelerated shelf life testing method

Food shelf life is related to food safety since consumers need to be informed an expired date of the food product. This study aims to determine shelf life of natural food enhancer based on straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) using Accelerated Shelf Life Testing (ASLT). Determination of shelf life was carried out at 30, 40, 50°C followed by descriptive sensory (colour, aroma, taste) and moisture content analysis for 28 days. Further data of those parameter over storage time were plotted into a graph to obtain a linear regression equation of zero-order and first-order. Then relationship between ln slope (k) and storage temperature 1/T (°K) was plotted in a linear regression to determine activation energy. Equation of linear regression from the lowest activation value then was used to calculate the shelf life of the product. The taste parameter on zero-order was used in shelf life determination as the critical quality because it has the smallest activation energy as 1708.39 cal/mol. The Arrhenius equation then was calculated using this value to obtain degradation constant (k). The results showed that shelf life of the straw mushroom based food enhancer were 77.58 days at 30°C, 70.85 days at 40°C and 65.07 days at 50°C.

The cold - resistance mechanism of a mutagenic Volvariella volvacea strain VH3 with outstanding traits revealed by transcriptome profiling

Background The straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) is one of the important vegetables that is popular for its delicious taste. However, the straw mushroom is sensitive to low temperature, resulting in economic loss during transportation and storage. We obtained a novel straw mushroom strain, named VH3, via ultraviolet mutagenesis. Results Our study revealed that VH3 exhibited high cold resistance compared to an ordinary straw mushroom cultivar, V23. We found that the electrolyte leakages of VH3 were always significantly lower than that of V23 treated with 4 °C for 0 h, 2 h,4 h, 8 h, 16 h, and 24 h. Before cold treatment (0 h), there were no difference of MDA contents, SOD activities, and CAT activities between VH3 and V23. At the late stage (8 h, 26 h, and 24 h) of cold treatment, the MDA contents of VH3 were lower while both the SOD and CAT activities were higher than those of V23. To investigate the potential mechanisms of VH3 cold resistance, we performed transcriptome sequencing to detect the transcriptome profiling of VH3 and V23 after 0 h and 4 h cold treatment. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that 111 differentially expressed genes (DEG) between V23 (0 h) and VH3 (0 h) (V23–0_vs_VH3–0), consisting 50 up-regulated and 61 down-regulated DEGs. A total of 117 DEGs were obtained between V23 (4 h) and VH3(4 h) (V23–4_vs_VH3–4), containing 94 up-regulated and 23 down-regulated DEGs. Among these DEGs, VVO_00021 and VVO_00017 were up-regulated while VVO_00003, VVO_00004, VVO_00010, and VVO_00030 were down-regulated in V23–0_vs_VH3–0 and VH3–4_vs_V23–4. KEGG and GO analysis revealed that the 6 DEGs were annotated to pathways related to cold stress. Besides, the GA3 content was also decreased in VH3. Conclusions Collectively, our study first revealed that the increased cold resistance of VH3 might be caused by the expression change of VVO_00003, VVO_00004, VVO_00017, VVO_00021, and VVO_00030, and decreased GA3.

Business Model Canvas on Paddy Straw Mushroom Cultivation Sociopreneurship (A Study on Daarul Qur'an Wal-Irsyad Wonosari Islamic Boarding School)

Business model innovation can be a strategy for developing paddy straw mushroom business in the era of increasing global competition. This study was conducted to analyze and design a business model with a business model canvas on the Sociopreneurship of Straw Mushroom Cultivation at Islamic Boarding School Daarul Qur'an Wal-Irsyad Wonosari. The analysis will be carried out on each block of Business Model Canvas which includes customer segments, value propositions, channels, customer relationships, revenue streams, key resources, key activities, key partnerships, and cost structure. The implementation of the business model Canvas can encourage students and the community around the Islamic boarding school to be involved in developing business models so that the right business model can be obtained and the Islamic boarding school can be economically independent. The research method used is qualitative through a phenomenological method approach by examining various observed factors related to the object under study. Data collection techniques are using surveys and interviews. The population in this study is the organizer of the Sociopreneurship of Straw Mushroom Cultivation at Daarul Qur'an Wal-Irsyad Wonosari Islamic Boarding School. Testing the validity of the data is using the triangulation technique. This technique is a multi-method approach in collecting and analyzing data that are obtained by researchers from various different perspectives so that a high level of accuracy is gained.

ANALISIS FINANSIAL DAN STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN BUDIDAYA JAMUR MERANG DI RAJABASA JAYA BANDAR LAMPUNG

This study aims to analyze the financial viability and development strategy of straw mushroom farming in Rajabasa Jaya. This research was carried out in September 2018 in Rajabasa Jaya, Rajabasa District, Bandar Lampung City that was intentionally chosen by consideration of the straw mushroom farming being the example for the straw mushroom farming in Bandar Lampung City. Respondent in this research was the farmer in Rajabasa Jaya. The first objective was quantitative analyzed by financial analysis (Gross Benefit Cost Ratio (Gross B/C), Net B/C, Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate Return (IRR) dan Payback Period (PP)) with interest rate of 7% and economic life of business by 6 years. The second objective was descriptive analyzed by SWOT analysis. Based on the result, the straw mushroom farming is financially feasible because of the Gross B/C and Net B/C values of more than 1, NPV value more than 0, IRR value higher than interest rate, and PP value shorter than economic life of business. The strategy needed to develop the straw mushroom farming are to increase the production of quality mushroom, improve customer relationships, start the promotion of mushroom businesses to expand market network, and records the finance of straw mushroom farm.Key words: development strategy, financial analysis, straw mushroom

MOLECULAR BASED IDENTIFICATION OF BOLETUS EDULAIS FOUND IN JHARKHAND

Food industry is dynamic and in search of innovation and nutrition content. Nutrition and food supplements demand can be fulfilled by mushroom.Agaricus(Button mushroom), Pleurotus (Oyster mushroom)and Volvariella(Paddy straw mushroom)are only popularly species cultivated and commercialized. There are many other wild mushrooms which can be commercialized with ethnomedicinal and rich nutrition content. In Jharkhand many wild mushroom species are found but they identified with many synonyms.(Srivastava and Soreng 2014) Identification is done on the basis of morphological structures and microscopic study of spores.(Pegler 1981, Wu2014) This study is to identify the wild mushroom locally called as Jamun khukhari through molecular characterization and report molecular data to NCBI GeneBank.