THE LIPID COMPOSITION OF MICROCOCCUS HALODENITRIFICANS AS INFLUENCED BY SALT CONCENTRATION

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kates ◽  
S. N. Sehgal ◽  
N. E. Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Unsaponifiable Matter ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Phosphatidyl Glycerol ◽  
Low Salt ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Qualitative Changes

Cells of M. halodentitrificans grown in 1.0 M NaCl contained 11 ± 2% total lipids, of which about half was phosphatide. Seven lipid components were detected by chromatography, two of which were tentatively identified as phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl glycerol; lecithin was completely absent. No qualitative changes were found in the phospholipid or fatty acid constituents of cells grown in media containing different concentrations of sodium chloride, but cells grown in low salt concentration (0.6 M and 0.55 M) contained 7 to 10 times more unsaponifiable matter than cells grown at the optimal salt concentration (1.0 M). However, the addition of calcium, magnesium, or potassium to low-salt media restored the amount of unsaponifiable matter in cells to normal.

The effect of salt concentration on the phospholipid and fatty acid composition of the moderate halophile Vibrio costicola

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Hanna ◽  
Carmela Bengis-Garber ◽  
D. J. Kushner ◽  
Margot Kogut ◽  
Morris Kates
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Glycerol Content ◽  
Phosphatidyl Glycerol ◽  
Moderate Halophile ◽  
Whole Cells

The major lipids of Vibrio costicola membranes and whole cells are phosphatidyl glycerol and phosphatidyl ethanolamine. Lesser amounts of lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine, cardiolipin, a glycolipid, and two other phospholipids, tentatively identified as lysocardiolipin and lysophosphatidyl glycerol, are also present. Phosphatidyl glycerol content markedly increased, whereas that of phosphatidyl ethanolamine decreased, with increasing salt concentration (0.5 to 3 M NaCl) in the growth medium. These changes result in an increase in the mole ratio of negatively charged polar lipids to neutral polar lipids. Little effect of growth phase on the proportions of the lipid components or their fatty acids was observed in cells grown in 1 M salt. The major fatty acids found were 16:0, 16:1, and 18:1; minor amounts of 14:0, 17:1, and 18:0, and traces of 12:0, 12:1, 14:1, 15:0, 15:1, and 17:0 were also found. The proportions of certain fatty acids also changed with changing salt concentration in the medium.

LIPIDS OF HALOBACTERIUM CUTIRUBRUM

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Sehgal ◽  
M. Kates ◽  
N. E. Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Phosphatidyl Inositol ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Carotenoid Pigments ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Phosphatidyl Glycerol ◽  
Alkyl Groups ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Long Chain

Cells of Halobacterium cutirubrum contain about 2% of total lipids (including pigments) on a salt-free, dry weight basis. Almost all of the lipids (93%) are phosphatides, the remainder being carotenoid pigments. The phosphatide components are unusual in that they contain almost no fatty acid ester groups, but instead appear to have long-chain alkyl groups joined by ether linkages to glycerol. Most of the phosphatide fraction (73%) consists of a single component which is believed to be a long-chain ether analogue of diphosphatidyl glycerol. Small amounts of lecithin, lysolecithin, phosphatidyl inositol, and phosphatidyl glycerol also appear to be present.

LIPIDS OF HALOBACTERIUM CUTIRUBRUM

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Sehgal ◽  
M. Kates ◽  
N. E. Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Phosphatidyl Inositol ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Carotenoid Pigments ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Phosphatidyl Glycerol ◽  
Alkyl Groups ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Long Chain

Cells of Halobacterium cutirubrum contain about 2% of total lipids (including pigments) on a salt-free, dry weight basis. Almost all of the lipids (93%) are phosphatides, the remainder being carotenoid pigments. The phosphatide components are unusual in that they contain almost no fatty acid ester groups, but instead appear to have long-chain alkyl groups joined by ether linkages to glycerol. Most of the phosphatide fraction (73%) consists of a single component which is believed to be a long-chain ether analogue of diphosphatidyl glycerol. Small amounts of lecithin, lysolecithin, phosphatidyl inositol, and phosphatidyl glycerol also appear to be present.

LIPIDS OF CANDIDA UTILIS: CHANGES WITH GROWTH

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. S. Dawson ◽  
B. M. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Candida Utilis ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Qualitative Changes

Total lipids were extracted from cells of Candida utilis grown in batch, chemostat, and phased culture. Thin-layer chromatography of the extracts showed qualitative changes in the different lipid classes with growth. Gas–liquid chromatography was used to follow quantitative changes in the fatty acid constituents. Changes were found to be analogous to those previously reported for the amino acid pool, i.e., characteristic of the medium, of growth rate, and of the environment. The significance of the changes, and of the methods used to detect them, are discussed in relation to the growth and metabolism of the cell and of the culture.

Synthesis and conformation of sequential basic polypeptides with branched and linear side chains

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 2925-2936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Štěpánka Štokrová ◽  
Jan Pospíšek ◽  
Jaroslav Šponar ◽  
Karel Bláha
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Cd Spectra ◽  
Low Salt ◽  
Conformational Freedom ◽  
Basic Polypeptides

Polypeptides (Lys-X-Ala)n and (Lys-X-Gly)n in which X represents residues of isoleucine and norleucine, respectively, and polypeptide (Tle-Lys-Ala)n, were synthesized via polymerization of 1-hydroxysuccinimidyl esters of the appropriate tripeptides to complete previously studied series. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra of the respective polymers were measured as a function of pH and salt concentration of the medium. The results were correlated with those obtained previously with the same series containing different amino acid residues at the X-position. The helix forming ability of the polypeptides (Lys-X-Ala)n with linear X side chain was found to be independent of the length. In the series (Lys-X-Gly)n the unordered conformation was the most probable one except (Lys-Ile-Gly)n. This polymer assumed the β conformation even in low salt solution at neutral pH. An agreement with some theoretical work concerned with the restriction of conformational freedom of amino acid residue branching at Cβ atom with our experimental results is evident.

scholarly journals Comparison of Fatty Acid Contents in Major Lipid Classes of Seven Salmonid Species from Siberian Arctic Lakes

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda N. Sushchik ◽  
Olesia N. Makhutova ◽  
Anastasia E. Rudchenko ◽  
Larisa A. Glushchenko ◽  
Svetlana P. Shulepina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Arctic Lakes ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Siberian Arctic ◽  
Similar Content ◽  
Valuable Compounds

Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) essential for human nutrition are mostly obtained from wild-caught fish. To sustain the LC-PUFA supply from natural populations, one needs to know how environmental and intrinsic factors affect fish fatty acid (FA) profiles and contents. We studied seven Salmoniformes species from two arctic lakes. We aimed to estimate differences in the FA composition of total lipids and two major lipid classes, polar lipids (PL) and triacylglycerols (TAG), among the species and to evaluate LC-PUFA contents corresponding to PL and TAG in muscles. Fatty acid profiles of PL and TAG in all species were characterized by the prevalence of omega-3 LC-PUFA and C16-C18 monoenoic FA, respectively. Fish with similar feeding spectra were identified similarly in multivariate analyses of total lipids, TAG and PL, due to differences in levels of mostly the same FA. Thus, the suitability of both TAG and total lipids for the identification of the feeding spectra of fish was confirmed. All species had similar content of LC-PUFA esterified as PL, 1.9–3.5 mg g−1, while the content of the TAG form strongly varied, from 0.9 to 9.8 mg g−1. The LC-PUFA-rich fish species accumulated these valuable compounds predominately in the TAG form.

TURBIDITY OF SUSPENSIONS AND MORPHOLOGY OF RED HALOPHILIC BACTERIA AS INFLUENCED BY SODIUM CHLORIDE CONCENTRATION

1960 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinah Abram ◽  
N. E. Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Abrupt Decrease ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Rigid Cell Wall

The optical densities of suspensions of cells of Halobacterium cutirubrum, H. halobium, or H. salinarium, grown in media containing 4.5 M sodium chloride, increase as the salt concentration of the suspending medium decreases, until a maximum is reached at about 2 M; below this concentration there is an abrupt decrease in optical density. The cells are rod shaped in 4.5 M salt and change, as the salt concentration decreases, through irregular transition forms to spheres; equal numbers of transition forms and spheres are present at the point of maximum turbidity, while spheres predominate at lower salt concentrations. Cells suspended in 3.0 M salt, although slightly swollen, are viable, but viability decreases rapidly with the more drastic changes in morphology at lower salt concentrations. Cells grown in the presence of iron are more resistant to morphological changes but follow the same sequence. Cells "fixed" with formaldehyde, at any point in the sequence, act as osmometers and do not rupture in distilled water although their volume increases 10–14 times. The results indicate that the red halophilic rods require a high sodium chloride content in their growth or suspending medium to maintain a rigid cell wall structure.

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