LIPIDS OF HALOBACTERIUM CUTIRUBRUM

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Sehgal ◽  
M. Kates ◽  
N. E. Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Phosphatidyl Inositol ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Carotenoid Pigments ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Phosphatidyl Glycerol ◽  
Alkyl Groups ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Long Chain

Cells of Halobacterium cutirubrum contain about 2% of total lipids (including pigments) on a salt-free, dry weight basis. Almost all of the lipids (93%) are phosphatides, the remainder being carotenoid pigments. The phosphatide components are unusual in that they contain almost no fatty acid ester groups, but instead appear to have long-chain alkyl groups joined by ether linkages to glycerol. Most of the phosphatide fraction (73%) consists of a single component which is believed to be a long-chain ether analogue of diphosphatidyl glycerol. Small amounts of lecithin, lysolecithin, phosphatidyl inositol, and phosphatidyl glycerol also appear to be present.

LIPIDS OF HALOBACTERIUM CUTIRUBRUM

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Sehgal ◽  
M. Kates ◽  
N. E. Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Phosphatidyl Inositol ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Carotenoid Pigments ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Phosphatidyl Glycerol ◽  
Alkyl Groups ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Long Chain

Cells of Halobacterium cutirubrum contain about 2% of total lipids (including pigments) on a salt-free, dry weight basis. Almost all of the lipids (93%) are phosphatides, the remainder being carotenoid pigments. The phosphatide components are unusual in that they contain almost no fatty acid ester groups, but instead appear to have long-chain alkyl groups joined by ether linkages to glycerol. Most of the phosphatide fraction (73%) consists of a single component which is believed to be a long-chain ether analogue of diphosphatidyl glycerol. Small amounts of lecithin, lysolecithin, phosphatidyl inositol, and phosphatidyl glycerol also appear to be present.

Effects of dehydration and rehydration on the polar lipid and fatty acid composition of Ramonda species

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branka Stevanovic ◽  
Pham Thi Anh Thu ◽  
Fernando Monteiro de Paula ◽  
Jorge Vieira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Tolerant Plants ◽  
Habitat Analysis ◽  
Oleic And Linoleic Acids

Endemic Balkan species Ramonda serbica and Ramonda nathaliae (Gesneriaceae) are rare resurrection flowering plants, known to withstand repeated cycles of desiccation–rehydration in their natural habitat. Analysis of their leaf lipids and fatty acids revealed a rather small amount of total lipids (15.8 mg/g dry weight in R. serbica and 19.5 in R. nathaliae) and galactolipids, particularly the monogalactosyl-diacylglycerol, considerably poorer in linolenic acid in comparison to other flowering plants (55% for R. nathaliae and 64% for R. serbica). Severe desiccation leads to a drastic loss in total lipids (76% in R. serbica and 71.5% in R. nathaliae), especially in monogalactosyl-diacylglycerol, but the recovery is extremely rapid and thorough upon the rewetting. A shift towards the more saturated oleic and linoleic acids in galactolipids occurs at a different time and to a different degree in the two species, and it is not evenly repaired. Ramonda serbica, known to be somewhat less resistant, shows a wider range of lipid changes. Key words: lipid, fatty acids, desiccation-tolerant plants, Ramonda serbica, Ramonda nathaliae.

scholarly journals Different metabolic recycling of the lipid components of exogenous sulphatide in human fibroblasts

1988 ◽  
Vol 252 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Trinchera ◽  
U Wiesmann ◽  
M Pitto ◽  
D Acquotti ◽  
R Ghidoni
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Total Lipid Extract ◽  
Phospholipid Biosynthesis ◽  
Metabolic Fate ◽  
Long Chain Base ◽  
Cultured Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Ceramide Moiety

Cultured human fibroblasts were fed with two differently labelled sulphatide molecules [one labelled on C-3 of the sphingosine (Sph) moiety [(Sph-3H]sulphatide), the second on C-1 of stearic acid [(stearoyl-14C]sulphatide)], and the intracellular metabolic fate of radioactivity was monitored. Incorporated radioactivity was almost all recovered in the total lipid extract, regardless of the labelling position of the added sulphatide; however, large differences in the level of incorporation occurred among labelled glycosphingolipids. For example, sphingomyelin was present as the major radiolabelled lipid after [Sph-3H]-sulphatide incubation, but was detectable only in trace amounts after [stearoyl-14C]sulphatide administration; in the latter case the radioactivity was located predominantly in glycerophospholipids. From this finding it can be inferred that the free long-chain base (sphingosine) that originates from lysosomal catabolism of sulphatide is mainly, and quite specifically, utilized for sphingomyelin biosynthesis, whereas the ceramide moiety is not; conversely the fatty acid released from ceramide is non-specifically re-utilized for phospholipid biosynthesis.

THE LIPID COMPOSITION OF MICROCOCCUS HALODENITRIFICANS AS INFLUENCED BY SALT CONCENTRATION

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kates ◽  
S. N. Sehgal ◽  
N. E. Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Unsaponifiable Matter ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Phosphatidyl Glycerol ◽  
Low Salt ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Qualitative Changes

Cells of M. halodentitrificans grown in 1.0 M NaCl contained 11 ± 2% total lipids, of which about half was phosphatide. Seven lipid components were detected by chromatography, two of which were tentatively identified as phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl glycerol; lecithin was completely absent. No qualitative changes were found in the phospholipid or fatty acid constituents of cells grown in media containing different concentrations of sodium chloride, but cells grown in low salt concentration (0.6 M and 0.55 M) contained 7 to 10 times more unsaponifiable matter than cells grown at the optimal salt concentration (1.0 M). However, the addition of calcium, magnesium, or potassium to low-salt media restored the amount of unsaponifiable matter in cells to normal.

scholarly journals Lipids produced by Epicoccum nigrum in submerged culture

1968 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. Foppen ◽  
Olga Gribanovski-Sassu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Submerged Culture ◽  
Major Fatty Acid ◽  
Carotenoid Pigments ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Fungal Metabolite ◽  
Epicoccum Nigrum ◽  
First Time ◽  
Β Carotene

1. The lipids of the red mycelium of the fungus Epicoccum nigrum Link were investigated. Four carotenoid pigments were isolated and identified as β-carotene, γ-carotene, rhodoxanthin and torularhodin. 2. For the first time rhodoxanthin was isolated as a fungal metabolite. 3. Linoleic acid was the major fatty acid in the total lipids. 4. Ergosterol was present in the lipids in the non-esterified form.

scholarly journals Developmental Changes in Seeds of Loblolly Pine

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jules Janick ◽  
Christiane Cabral Velho ◽  
Anna Whipkey
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Whole Seed

Mature seed weight of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) averaged 25 mg (dry weight), of which 55.0% was seedcoat, 38.5% megagametophyte, and 6.4% embryo. Fatty acid (FA) content (dry-weight basis) was 17.5% for whole seed, 0.4% for seedcoat, 36.2% for megagametophyte, and 51.2% for embryo. Distribution of FAs (16:0; 18:0; 18:1; 18:2; 18:3 Δ5,9,12; 18:3 Δ9,12,15; 20:0; and 20:3) differed in seedcoat, megagametophyte, and embryo, but 18:2 was the predominant FA in all tissues. Seed development was analyzed for 110 days from 25 July, the year following pollination. Embryos could be macroscopically observed on or about day 30. Embryo dry weight, length, and FA accumulation increased until about day 50 and then remained constant. Embryo density decreased from day 30 to 50 and then stabilized at ≈1.0366 g·ml-1 or 10% sucrose equivalent. Excised zygotic embryos did not germinate in vitro until after day 51; germination increased linearly after this date, reaching 80% by day 72.

scholarly journals Comprehensive study of the lipid from whelk (Chlorostoma rusticum and Neverita didyma) with emphasis on characterization of phospholipid molecular species by shot-gun strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong-Yuan Liu ◽  
Kai-Qi Gang ◽  
Fa-Wen Yin ◽  
Hong-Kai Xie ◽  
Liang Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Molecular Species ◽  
Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Phospholipid Molecular Species ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions ◽  
Comprehensive Study

In the present study, an effective shot-gun lipidomic methodology was established to determine the glycerophospholipid (GP) molecular species of two species of edible marine whelks (Chlorostoma rusticum and Neverita didyma). Simultaneously, the lipid content, lipid classes, phospholipid (PL) subclasses and fatty acid compositions were also investigated. Over 210 molecular species of GP including glycerophosphocholine, lysoglycerophosphocholine, glycerophosphoethanolamine, lysoglycerophosphoethanolamine, glycerophosphoserine, lysoglycerophosphoserine, glycerophosphoinositol and lysoglycerophosphoinositol were characterized in the two abovementioned whelk species. The predominant GP molecular species contained n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 LC-PUFA), especially docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. Meanwhile, PL (57.70-58.86% of total lipids) and PUFA (21.69-37.68% of total FA) take large proportions in whelk lipids. Among PL, phosphatidylcholine (50.58-52.41 mol%) and phosphatidylethanolamine (27.67-32.73 mol%) were dominant. Therefore, marine whelks turn out to be promising source of n-3 LC-PUFA existed in PL form and thus directly contribute to the health benefits of consumer.

scholarly journals Effect of biological variables and capture period on the proximate composition and fatty acid composition of the dorsal muscle tissue of Hypophthalmus edentatus (Spix, 1829)

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna Regina Netto de Oliveira ◽  
Angelo Antonio Agostinho ◽  
Makoto Matsushita
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Dorsal Muscle ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Long Chain

This study analyzed the chemical composition of the dorsal muscle tissue of Hypophthalmus edentatus, in particular, fatty acids of the lipidic fraction, and its relationship with the biological variables and the capture period. The average values for moisture, ash, protein and total lipids were 63.15, 1.11, 14.27 and 17.24%, respectively. In the lipidic fraction, 35 fatty acids were identified, the most abundant being: 16:0, 18:1omega9, 18:0, 16:1omega7, 18:3omega3, DHA and EPA. The totals of respectively saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were 41.15, 35.30 and 23.88%. The PUFA/SFA ratio was equal to 0.68 and the omega3/ omega6 ratio equal to 1.98. The PCA demonstrated that the long chain PUFAs contributed positively to the formation of the first axis. The CCA showed some effects of the biological factors (weight, reproductive cycle, sex) and the capture period on the variation of total lipids and some fatty acids.

scholarly journals Assessment of Fatty Acids Profile and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Production by the Oleaginous Marine Thraustochytrid Aurantiochytrium sp. T66 Cultivated on Volatile Fatty Acids

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alok Patel ◽  
Ulrika Rova ◽  
Paul Christakopoulos ◽  
Leonidas Matsakas
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Fatty Acid Production

Thraustochytrids are considered natural producers of omega-3 fatty acids as they can synthesize up to 70% docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) of total lipids. However, commercial and sustainable production of microbial DHA is limited by elevated cost of carbon substrates for thraustochytrids cultivation. This problem can be addressed by utilizing low-cost renewable substrates. In the present study, growth, lipid accumulation and fatty acid profiles of the marine thraustochytrid Aurantiochytrium sp. T66 (ATCC-PRA-276) cultivated on volatile fatty acids (C1, formic acid; C2, acetic acid; C3, propionic acid; C4, butyric acid; C5, valeric acid and C6, caproic acid) and glucose as control were evaluated for the first time. This strain showed an inability to utilize C3, C5 and C6 as a substrate when provided at >2 g/L, while efficiently utilizing C2 and C4 up to 40 g/L. The highest cell dry weight (12.35 g/L) and total lipid concentration (6.59 g/L) were attained when this strain was cultivated on 40 g/L of butyric acid, followed by cultivation on glucose (11.87 g/L and 5.34 g/L, respectively) and acetic acid (8.70 g/L and 3.43 g/L, respectively). With 40 g/L butyric acid, the maximum docosahexaenoic acid content was 2.81 g/L, corresponding to 42.63% w/w of total lipids and a yield of 0.23 g/gcell dry weight (CDW). This marine oleaginous microorganism showed an elevated potential for polyunsaturated fatty acids production at higher acetic and butyric acid concentrations than previously reported. Moreover, fluorescence microscopy revealed that growth on butyric acid caused cell size to increase to 45 µm, one of the largest values reported for oleaginous microorganisms, as well as the presence of numerous tiny lipid droplets.

Effect of age on the fatty acid content of Blumeria graminis conidia

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 875-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Muchembled ◽  
A. Lounes-Hadj Sahraoui ◽  
A. Grandmougin-Ferjani ◽  
M. Sancholle
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
First Time ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Important Disease ◽  
Long Chain

Blumeria (=Erysiphe) graminis f.sp. tritici (Bgt), the causal agent of wheat powdery mildew, is responsible for an important disease leading to considerable yield reductions in wheat worldwide. Conidia of the obligate plant pathogen Bgt were analysed for their total fatty acid (FA) composition as a function of their ontogeny. A total of 17 FAs were detected (C12–C24 saturated and unsaturated ones), including the presence of unusual longchain monoenoic FAs. In young conidia, the major FAs were C18:2 (23%), C16:0 (16%), C18:0 (15.2%) and C18:1 (14.3%). In old conidia, the main FAs were C24:1 (20.7%), C22:0 (15%), C22:1 (13.5%) and C24:0 (9.7%). The amount of total FA was about 39 μg.mg of dry weight-1 in young conidia and decreased clearly to 18 μg.mg of dry weight-1 in older conidia. For the first time, we have demonstrated that the FA composition of conidia changes greatly with age. Medium-chain FAs (C12–C18) are predominant in very young conidia (75%), whereas long-chain FAs (C22–C24) are the major compounds in old conidia (74%). This study showed a significant elongation of FAs and a drastic decrease in the total FA amount during the ontogeny of conidia.

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