Eccentric muscle contractions induce greater oxidative stress than concentric contractions in skeletal muscle

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michihiro Kon ◽  
Kai Tanabe ◽  
Hoseong Lee ◽  
Fuminori Kimura ◽  
Takayuki Akimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Tibialis Anterior Muscle ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Muscle Contractions ◽  
Eccentric Muscle Contraction ◽  
Contraction Group

The purpose of this study was to examine oxidative stress in skeletal muscle after eccentric and concentric muscle contractions. Eight-week-old Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice (n = 90) were divided into 3 groups: eccentric muscle contraction group (ECC, n = 42), concentric muscle contraction group (CON, n = 42), and control group (pre, n = 6). The tibialis anterior muscle was stimulated via the peroneal nerve to contract either eccentrically or concentrically. The tibialis anterior muscle was isolated before and 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 72, and 168 h after muscle contraction. Immediately after muscle contractions, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in skeletal muscle significantly increased (p < 0.05) in both ECC and CON conditions. However, in the ECC group alone, the TBARS level peaked at 12 and 72 h after the contractions. There was greater migration of mononuclear cells in ECC than in CON muscle. In addition, there was a correlation between TBARS in skeletal muscle and migration of mononuclear cells in ECC muscle (r = 0.773, p < 0.01), but this correlation was not apparent in CON muscle (r = 0.324, p = 0.12). The increased mononuclear cells may reflect inflammatory cells. These data suggest that eccentric muscle contraction induces greater oxidative stress in skeletal muscle, which may in turn be due to enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by migrating inflammatory cells.

Highly Purified Hematopoietic Stem Cells Convert to Cells with Myoblast Characteristics before Forming Myotubes.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 396-396
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Abedi ◽  
Deborah A. Greer ◽  
Bethany M. Foster ◽  
Gerald A. Colvin ◽  
Delia A. Demers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Tibialis Anterior Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Marrow Cells

Abstract We have previously shown robust conversion of marrow cells to skeletal muscle (up to 12 percent) in a regenerative environment. We have also recently shown the presence of marrow derived muscle colonies. Evaluation of GFP fluorescent intensity of fibers in individual colonies and comparing them with the single fibers outside the colonies strongly suggests a clonal origin for these colonies. Cotransplantation of marrow cells from Yellow and Cyan Fluorescent Protein transgenic mice also supported this theory. We studied the type of cells responsible for marrow to muscle conversion in an immunocompetent and an immunocomprosied model of marrow transplant. The choice of two models was to clarify any bias related to immunologic reactivity of GFP positive cells that has been well documented in the literature. In the first model, different population of GFP positive marrow cells were transplanted intravenously, after sublethal doses of radiation into C57BL/6 mice. One week after transplant their tibialis anterior muscle were injured with cardiotoxin and their muscles were evaluated for GFP positive, dystrophin positive and CD45 negative muscle fibers. In the second model, different population of GFP positive marrow cells were injected directly into tibilias anterior of Bege/Scid mice one day after cardiotoxin injury. Similar to the first model, GFP positive muscle fibers were evaluated 4 weeks post injury. For each population of marrow cells 3 to 6 animals were transplant with cells either positive or negative for the specific surface markers. Our data demonstrates that conversion potential of marrow cells to skeletal muscle fibers is highly enriched in a CD45 positive, c-Kit positive, Flk-2 positive and Sca-1 positive population. Furthermore, CD34 negative, CXCR4 negative and lineage negative cells have higher potential to participate in marrow to muscle conversion. This indicates that under the conditions of our experiments, mesenchymal stem cells are not the origin of marrow derived GFP muscle fiber. To follow the fate of marrow cells homed into muscle we transplanted GFP marrow cells into radiated C57BL/6 mice and at different timepoints before and after injury, harvested tibialis anterior muscle of these animals. Isolation of mononuclear cells from these samples revealed a new GFP+ CD45 negative population which was very rare at 1 week but more abundant at 4 weeks after transplant. Real time PCR analysis of these cells showed multiple stem cells markers including Sca-1, endoglin, c-Kit and CD34. They did not express any RNA markers for satellite cells or myoblasts (pax 7, MyoD, Myf 5) or hematopoietic cells (CD45, CD11b). We next injured GFP transplanted animals with cardiotoxin and isolated the same CD45-GFP+ population 3 days after injury. Real time PCR analysis at this point showed RNA activity for myoblast including Myf5, MyoD and desmin. Immunofluorescent staining of Lin-, Sca+ cKit+ marrow cells from GFP transgenic mice injected into cardiotoxin injured tibialis anterior muscle of Bege Scid mice confirmed our RT-PCR data and showed the presence of MyoD, Myf5, Myogenin and desmin in donor derived cells in recipient muscle. These data suggests that marrow derived mononuclear cells with hematopoietic stem cell phenotype in the recipient muscle lose their hematopoietic characteristics and obtain myoblast phenomenon after being exposed to injury.

Inflammatory cells in rat skeletal muscle are elevated after electrically stimulated contractions

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 876-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. McLoughlin ◽  
Eleni Mylona ◽  
Troy A. Hornberger ◽  
Karyn A. Esser ◽  
Francis X. Pizza
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Muscle Contractions ◽  
Rat Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Concentric Contractions ◽  
Time Point

We determined the effect of muscle contractions resulting from high-frequency electrical stimulation (HFES) on inflammatory cells in rat tibialis anterior (TA), plantaris (Pln), and soleus (Sol) muscles at 6, 24, and 72 h post-HFES. A minimum of four and a maximum of seven rats were analyzed at each time point. HFES, applied to the sciatic nerve, caused the Sol and Pln to contract concentrically and the TA to contract eccentrically. Neutrophils were higher ( P < 0.05) at 6 and 24 h after HFES in the Sol, Pln, and TA muscles relative to control muscles. ED1+ macrophages in the Pln were elevated at 6 and 24 h after HFES and were also elevated in the Sol and TA after HFES relative to controls. ED2+ macrophages in the Sol and TA were elevated at 24 and 72 h after HFES, respectively, and were also elevated in the Pln after HFES relative to controls. In contrast to the TA muscles, the Pln and Sol muscles showed no gross histological abnormalities. Collectively, these data indicate that both eccentric and concentric contractions can increase inflammatory cells in muscle, regardless of whether overt histological signs of injury are apparent.

Structure of the cortical cytoskeleton in fibers of postural muscles and cardiomyocytes of mice after 30-day 2-g centrifugation

2015 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina V. Ogneva ◽  
V. Gnyubkin ◽  
N. Laroche ◽  
M. V. Maximova ◽  
I. M. Larina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Tibialis Anterior Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Transverse Stiffness ◽  
G 12 ◽  
Cortical Cytoskeleton

Altered external mechanical loading during spaceflights causes negative effects on muscular and cardiovascular systems. The aim of the study was estimation of the cortical cytoskeleton statement of the skeletal muscle cells and cardiomyocytes. The state of the cortical cytoskeleton in C57BL6J mice soleus, tibialis anterior muscle fibers, and left ventricle cardiomyocytes was investigated after 30-day 2- g centrifugation (“2- g” group) and within 12 h after its completion (“2- g + 12-h” group). We used atomic force microscopy for estimating cell's transverse stiffness, Western blotting for measuring protein content, and RT-PCR for estimating their expression level. The transverse stiffness significantly decreased in cardiomyocytes (by 16%) and increased in skeletal muscles fibers (by 35% for soleus and by 29% for tibialis anterior muscle fibers) in animals of the 2-g group (compared with the control group). For cardiomyocytes, we found that, in the 2- g + 12-h group, α-actinin-1 content decreased in the membranous fraction (by 27%) and increased in cytoplasmic fraction (by 28%) of proteins (compared with the levels in the 2- g group). But for skeletal muscle fibers, similar changes were noted for α-actinin-4, but not for α-actinin-1. In conclusion, we showed that the different isoforms of α-actinins dissociate from cortical cytoskeleton under increased/decreased of mechanical load.

scholarly journals Arrdc2 and Arrdc3 elicit divergent changes in gene expression in skeletal muscle following anabolic and catabolic stimuli

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 208-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley S. Gordon ◽  
Michael L. Rossetti ◽  
Alexey M. Eroshkin
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Gene Networks ◽  
Tibialis Anterior Muscle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Molecular Networks ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Consistent Change ◽  
Mechanical Overload

Skeletal muscle is a highly plastic organ regulating various processes in the body. As such, loss of skeletal muscle underlies the increased morbidity and mortality risk that is associated with numerous conditions. However, no therapies are available to combat the loss of muscle mass during atrophic conditions, which is due in part to the incomplete understanding of the molecular networks altered by anabolic and catabolic stimuli. Thus, the current objective was to identify novel gene networks modulated by such stimuli. For this, total RNA from the tibialis anterior muscle of mice that were fasted overnight or fasted overnight and refed the next morning was subjected to microarray analysis. The refeeding stimulus altered the expression of genes associated with signal transduction. Specifically, expression of alpha arrestin domain containing 2 (Arrdc2) and alpha arrestin domain containing 3 (Arrdc3) was significantly lowered 70–85% by refeeding. Subsequent analysis showed that expression of these genes was also lowered 50–75% by mechanical overload, with the combination of nutrients and mechanical overload acting synergistically to lower Arrdc2 and Arrdc3 expression. On the converse, stimuli that suppress growth such as testosterone depletion or acute aerobic exercise increased Arrdc2 and Arrdc3 expression in skeletal muscle. While Arrdc2 and Arrdc3 exhibited divergent changes in expression following anabolic or catabolic stimuli, no other member of the Arrdc family of genes exhibited the consistent change in expression across the analyzed conditions. Thus, Arrdc2 and Arrdc3 are a novel set of genes that may be implicated in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass.

scholarly journals Diazoxide and Exercise Enhance Muscle Contraction during Obesity by Decreasing ROS Levels, Lipid Peroxidation, and Improving Glutathione Redox Status

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1232
Author(s):  
Mariana Gómez-Barroso ◽  
Koré M. Moreno-Calderón ◽  
Elizabeth Sánchez-Duarte ◽  
Christian Cortés-Rojo ◽  
Alfredo Saavedra-Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Katp Channel ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Muscular Contraction ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Glutathione Redox ◽  
Katp Channel Openers

Obesity causes insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia which causes skeletal muscle dysfunction resulting in a decrease in contraction force and a reduced capacity to avoid fatigue, which overall, causes an increase in oxidative stress. KATP channel openers such as diazoxide and the implementation of exercise protocols have been reported to be actively involved in protecting skeletal muscle against metabolic stress; however, the effects of diazoxide and exercise on muscle contraction and oxidative stress during obesity have not been explored. This study aimed to determine the effect of diazoxide in the contraction of skeletal muscle of obese male Wistar rats (35 mg/kg), and with an exercise protocol (five weeks) and the combination from both. Results showed that the treatment with diazoxide and exercise improved muscular contraction, showing an increase in maximum tension and total tension due to decreased ROS and lipid peroxidation levels and improved glutathione redox state. Therefore, these results suggest that diazoxide and exercise improve muscle function during obesity, possibly through its effects as KATP channel openers.

scholarly journals Age Dependent Modification of the Metabolic Profile of the Tibialis Anterior Muscle Fibers in C57BL/6J Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3923
Author(s):  
Emiliana Giacomello ◽  
Emanuela Crea ◽  
Lucio Torelli ◽  
Alberta Bergamo ◽  
Carlo Reggiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Tibialis Anterior Muscle ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Metabolic Properties ◽  
Architectural Organization

Skeletal muscle aging is accompanied by mass reduction and functional decline, as a result of multiple factors, such as protein expression, morphology of organelles, metabolic equilibria, and neural communication. Skeletal muscles are formed by multiple fibers that express different Myosin Heavy Chains (MyHCs) and have different metabolic properties and different blood supply, with the purpose to adapt their contraction to the functional need. The fine interplay between the different fibers composing a muscle and its architectural organization determine its functional properties. Immunohistochemical and histochemical analyses of the skeletal muscle tissue, besides evidencing morphological characteristics, allow for the precise determination of protein expression and metabolic properties, providing essential information at the single-fiber level. Aiming to gain further knowledge on the influence of aging on skeletal muscles, we investigated the expression of the MyHCs, the Succinate Dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, and the presence of capillaries and Tubular Aggregates (TAs) in the tibialis anterior muscles of physiologically aging C57BL/6J mice aged 8 (adult), 18 (middle aged), and 24 months (old). We observed an increase of type-IIB fast-contracting fibers, an increase of the oxidative capacity of type-IIX and -IIA fibers, a general decrease of the capillarization, and the onset of TAs in type-IIB fibers. These data suggest that aging entails a selective modification of the muscle fiber profiles.

scholarly journals Compressed air massage: repeated treatment causes less muscle oedema than a single treatment

2007 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Gregory ◽  
M. Mars
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Tibialis Anterior Muscle ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Repeated Treatment ◽  
Vervet Monkeys ◽  
Single Muscle ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
Similar Treatment

Compressed air massage is a new treatment modality that has been shown to cause skeletal muscle capillary dilation for up to 24 hours after a single treatment and significantly hastens healing of diabetic ulcers. This study compares the effect of one treatment of a single muscle group, with repeated treatments of several muscle groups. Methods: Four vervet monkeys underwent one, 15 min, treatment of compressed air massage at 1 Bar, to the tibialis anterior muscle and four animals received similar treatment to the whole lower leg on three consecutive days. The tibialis anterior of the treated and untreated limbs was biopsied immediately after the final treatment. Muscle fibre diameters were measured from 1µm thick toluidine blue stained resin embedded sections using light microscopy and computerized image analysis software. Results: For treatment of the whole lower limb, the mean fibre diameter increased by 6.0% from 47.31±13.4µm(95%CI:46.47-48.16) in control biopsies to 50.14±13.93µm (95%CI:49.26-51.02) in treated muscle (p<0.001).Treatment of a single muscle showed an increase in diameter of 11.3%, from 48.21±12.68µm (95%CI:47.31-49.11) to53.63+14.29µm (95%CI:52.61-54.66 (p<0.001). Treatment of a single muscle caused significantly more oedema thantreatment of the whole limb (p<0.001). Conclusions: Repeated treatment causes skeletal muscle oedema, and this appears to be dose related. Skeletal muscleoedema after three treatments is less than after a single treatment. Further studies on the use of compressed air massage on injured muscle are warranted.

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