DNA fingerprinting analysis in the solitary bee Megachile rotundata: variability and nest mate genetic relationships

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Blanchetot
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Globin Gene ◽  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
Enzyme Polymorphism ◽  
Solitary Bee ◽  
Megachile Rotundata ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oligonucleotide Sequence

The most conventional approach for evaluating genetic variability in an insect population involves assessing the degree of enzyme polymorphism. Hymenoptera display a relatively low level of genetic variability compared with most insect species. DNA probes consisting of tandemly repeated sequences are powerful tools for detecting polymorphisms when employed to develop DNA fingerprinting (DNAfp) profiles in a wide range of organisms. This report describes genetic variability in the solitary bee species Megachile rotundata as assessed by DNAfp using the Ml3 sequence and a synthetic oligonucleotide sequence homologous to a hypervariable region of the α-globin gene. DNAfp comparisons among offspring were used to analyze genealogical structure in M. rotundata nests. The results indicate that polyandry, by a large number of males, is not a common phenomenon in M. rotundata bee species. In the present analysis, it is likely that the broods raised in single nests are mostly the offspring of one singly mated female. However, the data does not preclude that for certain nests two males could have been involved in the mating process.Key words: Megachile rotundata, DNA fingerprinting, M13 sequence, α-globin hypervariable sequence, intra-nest genetic relationships.

A study of the genetic relationships within and among wolf packs using DNA fingerprinting and mitochondrial DNA

1992 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niles Lehman ◽  
Peter Clarkson ◽  
L.David Mech ◽  
ThomasJ. Meier ◽  
RobertK. Wayne
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Genetic Relationships

Genetic Relationships of Cory's Shearwater: Parentage, Mating Assortment, and Geographic Differentiation Revealed by DNA Fingerprinting

The Auk ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Rabouam ◽  
Vincent Bretagnolle ◽  
Yves Bigot ◽  
Georges Periquet
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Cory’S Shearwater ◽  
Genetic Structure Of Populations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Calonectris Diomedea

Abstract We used DNA fingerprinting to assess genetic structure of populations in Cory's Shearwater (Calonectris diomedea). We analyzed mates and parent-offspring relationships, as well as the amount and distribution of genetic variation within and among populations, from the level of subcolony to subspecies. We found no evidence of extrapair fertilization, confirming that the genetic breeding system matches the social system that has been observed in the species. Mates were closely related, and the level of genetic relatedness within populations was within the range usually found in inbred populations. In contrast to previous studies based on allozymes and mtDNA polymorphism, DNA fingerprinting using microsatellites revealed consistent levels of genetic differentiation among populations. However, analyzing the two subspecies separately revealed that the pattern of genetic variation among populations did not support the model of isolation by distance. Natal dispersal, as well as historic and/or demographic events, probably contributed to shape the genetic structure of populations in the species.

scholarly journals In vitro Propagation and Assessment of Genetic Relationships of Citrus Rootstocks Using ISSR Molecular Markers

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantinos SALIS ◽  
Ioannis E. PAPADAKIS ◽  
Spyridon KINTZIOS ◽  
Marianna HAGIDIMITRIOU
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Root Length ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Issr Molecular Markers

The behavior of six citrus rootstocks, Volkameriana, Citrumelo ‘Swingle’, Citrange ‘Carrizo’, Poncirus trifoliata ‘Serra’, Poncirus trifoliata ‘Rubidoux’ and Poncirus trifoliata ‘Flying Dragon’, in in vitro propagation was studied and compared for shoot proliferation and rooting. In addition, the genetic relationships among the rootstocks studied and other Citrus species, using the Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) molecular markers, were investigated. Nodal explants of three months old shoots were used in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with N6-benzyladenine (BA) for shoot proliferation and with naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) for rooting. The rootstock Volkameriana showed a statistically significant higher number of shoots (1.81), shoot length (15.14 mm) and number of leaves per explant (5.81), while all three Poncirus trifoliata rootstocks showed the lowest numbers. The number of roots and root length per explant were evaluated at the end of the rooting phase. The rootstock ‘Swingle’ showed a higher number of roots per explant (4.2) followed by ‘Flying Dragon’ (3.93) and ‘Carrizo’ (3.23) rootstocks. The rootstocks ‘Swingle’ (140.8 mm), Volkameriana (148 mm) and ‘Flying Dragon’ (131.12 mm) had significantly higher root length per explant compared to ‘Carrizo’ (31 mm) and ‘Rubidoux’ (34.5 mm). The ISSR molecular marker technique used in the present study grouped successfully the different species, varieties and rootstocks studied, revealing their genetic variability. The genetic variability observed among the rootstocks ranged between 0.29 (Poncirus trifoliata ‘Serra’ and Citrumelo ‘Swingle’) and 0.60 (Volkameriana and Citrumelo ‘Swingle’). The response of the rootstocks studied in in vitro propagation however is not related to their genetic affinity.

scholarly journals Evaluating the genetic variability of rubber hybrid progenies of the two crosses PB260 x RO44/71 and PB260 x RO62/54 by RAPD technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Thien Minh Nguyen ◽  
Tien Thi My Pham
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Polymorphic Bands

The agronomic values of this population have been evaluated in the field experiments based on their phenotypic performance of agronomic traits, but the genetic variability of this population needs to be evaluated via techniques based on genetic material - DNA. In this study, the genetic variability in the investigated population of 71 hybrids and their parents was evaluated by RAPD technique, using eight selected arbitrarily primers; Genetic parameters and dendrogram expressing the genetic relationships among the investigated population were analyzed by GenALEx 6.1, Popgene 1.31 and NTSYSpc 2.1 softwares. Eight primers were used to generate the amplify products on each individual in the investigated population. From 74 genotypes, a total of 109 fragments were generated, among which, there were 89 polymorphic bands representing 81.65% with an average of 11 polymorphic bands/primer. Genetic similarity coefficient among the investigated population, based on DICE coefficient, ranged from 0.560 (LH05/0822 and PB260) to 0.991 (LH05/0781 and LH05/0841) with an average of 0,796, meaning that the genetic distance among ranged from 0.009 to 0.440 with an average of 0.231. The Shannon index and mean heterozygosity values were 0.328 and 0,176, respectively. This indicated that the progenies of the two investigated crosses possessed a relatively high range of genetic variability. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that genetic variation within population represented 62%, while genetic variation among two different crosses contributes 38% to the total genetic variability. Dendrogram based on DICE’s genetic similarity using UPGMA method showed that the hybrids divide into two major genetic groups (0.75), but the crosses were scattered independently of the hybrid.

scholarly journals A Rare Case of Coexistence of Homozygous β-Thalassaemia and Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitendar Mohan Khunger ◽  
Monika Gupta ◽  
Ankur Jain ◽  
Monica Khunger Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
G6pd Deficiency ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Dehydrogenase Deficiency ◽  
Globin Gene ◽  
Genetic Abnormality ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Symptomatic Anaemia ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

β-thalassaemia is one of the most prevalent autosomal disorders worldwide. Mutations/deletions in globin gene underlie deficiencies in Haemoglobin (Hb) production, which can interfere with oxygen delivery by Hb, resulting in thalassaemias causing anaemias with a wide range of disease severity. Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a genetic abnormality resulting in inadequate amount of G6PD in the Red Blood Cells (RBCs). In patients with G6PD deficiency, the reduced or absent activity of the enzyme in RBCs causes premature haemolysis and symptomatic anaemia. The marked oxidative stress caused by homozygous β-thalassaemia is apparently incompatible with G6PD deficiency. Here, a rare case of six-month-old male child is described who presented with severe pallor hepato-splenomegaly and these two conditions co-existed in this patient.

Genetic Data, Genome Understanding, and Socially Relevant Information

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Dara Hallinan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Phenotype Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Socially Relevant

This chapter discusses the range of types of data which might be subject to genetic analysis to produce socially relevant information. These genetic data include raw genomic data as well as other types of data, such as phenotype data and inheritance data. Genetic analysis of these types of data is currently capable of producing a wide range of socially relevant information, including information concerning identity, genetic relationships, phenotype, health, and social and behavioural traits. It is not the case, however, that each type of genetic data can be subject to only one type of genetic analysis to produce only one type of socially relevant information. Rather, each type of genetic data, particularly genomic data, can be subject to multiple types of genetic analysis. Nor is it necessarily the case that genetic analyses produce socially relevant information which is completely accurate. Rather, the degree of accuracy of information will usually depend on multiple factors. The chapter then looks at the range of parties about whom socially significant information may be produced.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity in different populations of sloths assessed by DNA fingerprinting

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. MORAES ◽  
J. S. MORGANTE ◽  
C. Y. MIYAKI
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Similarity Indices ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Related Individuals ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Dna Profiles ◽  
Two Populations

In this study we analyzed a population of Bradypus torquatus with individuals originally distributed in different localities of Bahia, and two populations of B. variegatus with individuals from Bahia and São Paulo States. Using the DNA fingerprinting method, we assessed the genetic variability within and between populations. Analysis of the DNA profiles revealed genetic similarity indices ranging from 0.34 ± 0.07 to 0.87 ± 0.04. Similar low levels of genetic variability were found only in isolated mammalian populations or among related individuals. This study presents the first analyses of genetic diversity in sloth populations.

scholarly journals Authentication of Coffea arabica Varieties through DNA Fingerprinting and its Significance for the Coffee Sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solène Pruvot-Woehl ◽  
Sarada Krishnan ◽  
William Solano ◽  
Tim Schilling ◽  
Lucile Toniutti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Genetic Purity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fingerprinting Method ◽  
Genetic Conformity ◽  
Fixed Line ◽  
Coffee Sector ◽  
Coffee Seed

Abstract Background Locating the optimal varieties for coffee cultivation is increasingly considered a key condition for sustainable production and marketing. Variety performance varies when it comes to susceptibility to coffee leaf rust and other diseases, adaptation to climate change and high cup quality for specialty markets. But because of poor organization and the lack of a professional coffee seed sector, most existing coffee farms (and even seed lots and nurseries) do not know which varieties they are using. DNA fingerprinting of coffee planting material will contribute to professionalize the coffee seed sector. Objective The objective of this paper is i) to check in a large scale the robustness of the existing coffee DNA fingerprinting method based on eight Single Sequence Repeats markers (SRR) and ii) to describe how it can help in moving the needle towards a more professional seed sector. Method 2533 samples representing all possible genetic background of Arabica varieties were DNA fingerprinted with 8 SRR markers. The genetic diversity was analyzed and the genetic conformity to varietal references was assessed. Results The DNA fingerprinting method proved to be robust in authenticating varieties and trace back the history of C. arabica breeding and of the movement of C. arabica varieties. The genetic conformity of two important coffee varieties, Marseillesa and Gesha, proved to be 91% and 39% respectively. Conclusions DNA fingerprinting provides different actors in the coffee sector with a powerful new tool—farmers can verify the identity of their cultivated varieties, coffee roasters can be assured that marketing claims related to varieties are correct, and most of all, those looking to establish the a more professional and reliable coffee seed sector have a reliable new monitoring tool to establish and check genetic purity of seed stock and nursery plants. Highlights While C. arabica is primarily self-pollinating, even fixed line varieties appear to be drifting away from their original genetic reference due to uncontrolled cross pollination. A set of 8 SSR markers applied to the largest possible genetically diverse set of samples prove to discriminate between a wide range of varieties Figures confirm that genetic non conformity of coffee varieties can represent up to 61% of checked samples.

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