Paternal and maternal effects on grain weight and protein percentage in crosses between hexaploid and tetraploid high- and low-protein wheat genotypes

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Millet ◽  
M. Zaccai ◽  
M. Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Mother Plant ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Protein Percentage

The inheritance of grain protein percentage and of grain weight were studied by crossing common and durum wheat cultivars with hexaploid and tetraploid breeding lines that excel in grain protein percentage. All high protein lines were descendants of the tetraploid wild emmer Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides. One hexaploid cultivar was also crossed with a high-protein var. dicoccoides genotype. All crosses were made between low- and high-protein genotypes and were carried out reciprocally for any combination of genotypes; some of them between genotypes of the same ploidy level and some between hexaploid and tetraploid lines. Weight and protein percentage were determined in selfed and crossed grains that developed on the same spike. Mean weight and protein percentage were also determined in F2 grains of all crosses of the same ploidy level, either tetraploid or hexaploid. At any ploidy level, F1 grains resembled the selfed grains of the mother plant both in grain weight and in grain protein percentage, indicating a major maternal effect on both traits. F2 grains had similar grain weight to the heavy-grained parent, and their protein percentage was close to the midparents value. However, a slight indication of cytoplasmic inheritance of grain protein percentage was found in the comparison between most pairs of F2 reciprocals. The interspecific crosses (hexaploid with tetraploid combinations) yielded shrivelled seeds with highly reduced weight but relatively unchanged protein percentage. Weight reduction in the shrivelled hybrid grains (compared with the selfed ones) was more severe when the mother plant was hexaploid rather than tetraploid. The significance of the different tissues in determining grain weight and protein percentage is discussed.Key words: grain weight, grain protein percentage, maternal effect, paternal effect, reciprocal crosses, wheat, Triticum aestivum, Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides.

scholarly journals The estimation of the peas varieties (Pisum Arvense L.) on protein percentage in grain: correlation between economic-valuable traits and weather conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
S. V. Ponomareva
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Peas as a valuable component of animal feed with a high protein percentage is of great importance in solving the problem of increasing protein percentage in grain fodder produced in the country. The current paper has presented the estimation the peas varieties on protein percentage t in seeds. There has been studied the correlation between protein percentage and seed productivity, between 1000-grain weight and length of growing season. There has been identified the influence of weather conditions and the correlation between them and protein percentage t in peas seeds. The trials were conducted at the experimental plots of the peas nursery belonging to the Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Agriculture in 2016–2018. The objects of study were 15 peas varieties of domestic and foreign breeding. In the trial there were identified the peas varieties with high protein percentage (28.0–30.0%), with small seeds; the late-ripening varieties, and the varieties with low protein percentage (22.9–23.9%); the early-ripening varieties of a leafy morphotype with large seeds. There has been established a very weak negative correlation (r = –0.010) between protein percentage and grain productivity. There has been identified a very strong negative correlation (r = –0.818) between 1000-grain weight and protein percentage. The protein percentage in pea seeds has got a positive correlation with the length of growing season (r = +0.860). The leafy varieties showed a positive correlation between protein accumulation due to amount of precipitation (r = +0.714…+0.989) and the sum of positive temperatures above 10 ºС (from low, in some cases to high). The leafless pea varieties, at the same time, have got an inverse correlation at the increased humidity.

HIGH-PROTEIN VARIETIES AND PERSPECTIVE LINES OF SPRING BARLEY

1970 ◽  
pp. 23-25
Author(s):  
O. V. Levakova ◽  
L. M. Eroshenko
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
High Protein ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Research Grade ◽  
Range Of Variation ◽  
Variety Testing

The article presents the results of the analysis of the biochemical composition of selected in the competitive variety testing of new varieties and promising lines of spring barley, studied on the experimental field ISA-branch of FGBNU FNAC VIM in 2016-2018. Result of research in different years of water availability among the rooms was allocated a group of high-protein barley with improved feed value: 4 varieties, 2 of which are on the state variety testing, and 2 promising lines. The range of variation of protein content in the grain of the selected samples varied from 13.1 to 14.5 %, lysine – from 0.48 to 0.52 %, weight of 1000 grains-from 48.0 to 53.5 g. According to the data obtained the highest value of protein in grain was observed in krupnosortnogo varieties Zlatoyar (GSI), amounting on average for 14.5 %. The increase was equal to 1.1% in relation to the control variety Yaromir. With an average yield of 6.52 t/ha in the years of research grade Accounting have provided protein per hectare in the amount of 0,94 t/ha. A new variety Sudar´ (GSI) and breeding line 149/4-12 h 788 and 129/1-14 h 907 this indicator has been less productive, however, exceeded the grade Yaromir 0.10 to 0.16 t/ha. Given the higher productivity of new promising varieties and breeding lines, the collection of lysine per unit area they have 12.7, 30.8 per cent was higher than that of the Promej class and 10.6-23.6% more than in the variety Yaromir, which indicates their high biological value. Selected hulless line 1137 h is also an encouraging source of protein and other nutrients of plant origin. The selected lines and new varieties, regardless of weather conditions, were able to ensure the production of high-protein and sources' grain for feed purposes, while maintaining productivity.

Variability for grain protein content among germplasm accessions and advanced breeding lines in dolichos bean (Lablab purpureus L. Sweet var. Lignosus Prain)

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 289-292
Author(s):  
Pranesh ◽  
S. Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
Germplasm Accessions

AbstractProtein energy malnutrition (PEM) is prevalent in south-east Asian countries including India. Breeding and introduction of grain protein-rich varieties of legumes such as dolichos bean is considered as cost-effective approach to combat PEM. Exploitation of genetic variability within germplasm accessions (GAs) and/or breeding populations is the short-term strategy for identification and delivery of protein-rich dolichos bean cultivars to cater to the immediate needs of the farmers and target population. A set of 118 dolichos bean genotypes consisting of 96 GAs and 20 advanced breeding lines (ABLs) and two released varieties (RVs) was field evaluated in augmented deign for dry grain yield per plant and their grain protein contents were estimated. The grain protein content among the genotypes ranged from 18.82 to 24.5% with a mean of 21.73%. The magnitude of estimates of absolute range, standardized range, and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) for grain protein content was higher among GAs than those among ABLs + RVs. However, average grain protein contents of GAs were comparable to those of ABLs + RVs. Nearly 50% of the genotypes (mostly GAs) had significantly higher grain protein content than those of RVs, HA 3 and HA 4. The grain protein contents of the genotypes were poorly correlated with grain yield per plant. These results are discussed in relation to strategies to breed grain protein-rich dolichos bean cultivars.

scholarly journals Ploidy Levels of Hardy Actinidia Accessions in the U.S. Determined by Flow Cytometry

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 439D-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ann Start ◽  
James Luby ◽  
Robert Guthrie ◽  
Debby Filler
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Haploid Chromosome Number ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Root Tip Cells ◽  
The U.S

The hardy Actinidia species represent a source of genetic diversity for improving A. deliciosa (kiwifruit) as well as for creating new economically important cultivars through intra- and interspecific crosses. Attempts at breeding in Actinidia have been complicated by the existence of intraspecific as well as interspecific variation in ploidy. The haploid chromosome number in Actinidia is 29 and diploid (2n=2x=58), tetraploid (2n=4x=116), and hexaploid (2n=6x=174) levels have been identified. Because of the problems encountered when crossing parents differing in ploidy level, it is desirable to know the ploidy levels of plants to be used in breeding. We determined the ploidy levels of 61 Actinidia accessions currently available in the U.S., including primarily accessions of relatively winter-hardy species. The 61 accessions, representing eight species and three interspecific hybrids, were screened for ploidy using flow cytometry. Mitotic root tip cells from one plant from each putative ploidy level were examined microscopically to confirm the ploidy level derived from flow cytometry. There were 17 diploids, 40 tetraploids, and 4 hexaploids. Intraspecific variation was not found among accessions of the species arguta, callosa, deliciosa, kolomikta, melanandra, polygama, or purpurea. All kolomikta and polygama accessions were diploid. All arguta, callosa, melanandra, and purpurea accessions were tetraploid. Actinidia deliciosa was hexaploid. One chinensis accession was tetraploid. Two accessions (NGPR 0021.14 and 0021.3), acquired as chinensis, were hexaploid and may, in fact, be A. deliciosa based on their morphology. `Issai' (arguta × polygama) was hexaploid and `Ken's Red' and `Red Princess' (both melanandra × arguta) were tetraploid.

scholarly journals Contribution of Wild Relatives to Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) Yield Stability across Contrasted Environments

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1992
Author(s):  
Hafid Aberkane ◽  
Ahmed Amri ◽  
Bouchra Belkadi ◽  
Abdelkarim Filali-Maltouf ◽  
Jan Valkoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Environment Interaction

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) is mostly grown in Mediterranean type environments, characterized by unpredictable rainfall amounts and distribution, heat stress, and prevalence of major diseases and pests, all to be exacerbated with climate change. Pre-breeding efforts transgressing adaptive genes from wild relatives need to be strengthened to overcome these abiotic and biotic challenges. In this study, we evaluated the yield stability of 67 lines issued from interspecific crosses of Cham5 and Haurani with Triticum dicoccoides, T. agilopoides, T. urartu, and Aegilops speltoides, grown under 15 contrasting rainfed and irrigated environments in Morocco, and heat-prone conditions in Sudan. Yield stability was assessed using parametric (univariate (e.g., Bi, S2di, Pi etc) and multivariate (ASV, SIPC)) and non-parametric (Si1, Si2, Si3 and Si6) approaches. The combined analysis of variance showed the highly significant effects of genotypes, environments, and genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI). The environments varied in yield (1370–6468 kg/ha), heritability (0.08–0.9), and in their contribution to the GEI. Several lines derived from the four wild parents combined productivity and stability, making them suitable for unpredictable climatic conditions. A significant advantage in yield and stability was observed in Haurani derivatives compared to their recurrent parent. Furthermore, no yield penalty was observed in many of Cham5 derivatives; they had improved yield under unfavorable environments while maintaining the high yield potential from the recurrent parent (e.g., 142,026 and 142,074). It was found that a limited number of backcrosses can produce high yielding/stable germplasm while increasing diversity in a breeding pipeline. Comparing different stability approaches showed that some of them can be used interchangeably; others can be complementary to combine broad adaption with higher yield.

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