Increase in grain protein percentage in high-yielding common wheat breeding lines by genes from wild tetraploid wheat

Euphytica ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Levy ◽  
M. Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Protein Percentage

Grain yield and grain protein percentage of common wheat lines with wild emmer chromosome-arm substitutions

Euphytica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 195 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Millet ◽  
J.-K. Rong ◽  
C. O. Qualset ◽  
P. E. Mcguire ◽  
M. Bernard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Wild Emmer ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
Wheat Lines

The effect of substitution of chromosome 5S1 of Aegilops longissima for its wheat homoeologues on spike morphology and on several quantitative traits

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Millet ◽  
Y. Avivi ◽  
M. Zaccai ◽  
M. Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
Aegilops Longissima ◽  
Alien Genes ◽  
Group 5

Each pair of homoeologous group 5 chromosomes of common wheat (Triticum aestivum) cv. Chinese Spring was replaced by the homoeologous pair 5S1 of Aegilops longissima. The resulting substitution lines were selected by the isozyme markers SKDH or TPI-2 as well as by the presence of 21 bivalents at meiosis. In lines lacking 5B, the alien chromosome could not compensate for the missing Ph1 allele, as was evident by multivalent formation at meiosis and by reduced fertility. In the absence of 5A, chromosome 5S1 not only failed to compensate for the occurrence of spike speltoidy but enhanced its expression. Chromosome 5S1 had a moderate dosage effect on reducing plant height and promoting earliness. When added to the genome of common wheat, this chromosome induced a considerable increase in grain weight, but it could not compensate for the absence of a pair of any of its homoeologues. Other yield components were negatively affected in both addition and substitution lines, as well as in other aneuploids. Grain protein percentage of the different lines was negatively related to their yield per spike. This rendered difficult the evaluation of genes for grain protein percentage. The implication of the obtained results on the use of alien genes for wheat improvement is discussed.Key words: substitution lines, wheat, Triticum aestivum, Aegilops longissima, alien chromosomes, quantitative traits.

Paternal and maternal effects on grain weight and protein percentage in crosses between hexaploid and tetraploid high- and low-protein wheat genotypes

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Millet ◽  
M. Zaccai ◽  
M. Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Mother Plant ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Protein Percentage

The inheritance of grain protein percentage and of grain weight were studied by crossing common and durum wheat cultivars with hexaploid and tetraploid breeding lines that excel in grain protein percentage. All high protein lines were descendants of the tetraploid wild emmer Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides. One hexaploid cultivar was also crossed with a high-protein var. dicoccoides genotype. All crosses were made between low- and high-protein genotypes and were carried out reciprocally for any combination of genotypes; some of them between genotypes of the same ploidy level and some between hexaploid and tetraploid lines. Weight and protein percentage were determined in selfed and crossed grains that developed on the same spike. Mean weight and protein percentage were also determined in F2 grains of all crosses of the same ploidy level, either tetraploid or hexaploid. At any ploidy level, F1 grains resembled the selfed grains of the mother plant both in grain weight and in grain protein percentage, indicating a major maternal effect on both traits. F2 grains had similar grain weight to the heavy-grained parent, and their protein percentage was close to the midparents value. However, a slight indication of cytoplasmic inheritance of grain protein percentage was found in the comparison between most pairs of F2 reciprocals. The interspecific crosses (hexaploid with tetraploid combinations) yielded shrivelled seeds with highly reduced weight but relatively unchanged protein percentage. Weight reduction in the shrivelled hybrid grains (compared with the selfed ones) was more severe when the mother plant was hexaploid rather than tetraploid. The significance of the different tissues in determining grain weight and protein percentage is discussed.Key words: grain weight, grain protein percentage, maternal effect, paternal effect, reciprocal crosses, wheat, Triticum aestivum, Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides.

scholarly journals Composition of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and their effects on the rheological properties of dough

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 641-652
Author(s):  
Sławomir Franaszek ◽  
Bolesław Salmanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Capillary Zone

Abstract The main purpose of this research was the identification and characterization of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) composition in common wheat and the determination of the effect of these proteins on the rheological properties of dough. The use of capillary zone electrophoresis and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography has made it possible to identify four alleles in the Glu-A3 and Glu-D3 loci and seven alleles in the Glu-B3 locus, encoding LMW-GSs in 70 varieties and breeding lines of wheat tested. To determine the technological quality of dough, analyses were performed at the microscale using a TA.XT Plus Texture Analyzer. Wheat varieties containing the Glu-3 loci scheme (Glu-A3b, Glu-A3f at the Glu-A3 locus; Glu-B3a, Glu-B3b, Glu-B3d, Glu-B3h at the Glu-B3 locus; Glu-D3a, Glu-D3c at the Glu-D3 locus) determined the most beneficial quality parameters.

scholarly journals Genetically Divergent Types of the Wheat Leaf Fungus Puccinia triticina in Ethiopia, a Center of Tetraploid Wheat Diversity

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Kolmer ◽  
M. A. Acevedo
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Virulence Phenotype ◽  
Wheat Leaf

Collections of Puccinia triticina, the wheat leaf rust fungus, were obtained from tetraploid and hexaploid wheat in the central highlands of Ethiopia, and a smaller number from Kenya, from 2011 to 2013, in order to determine the genetic diversity of this wheat pathogen in a center of host diversity. Single-uredinial isolates were derived and tested for virulence phenotype to 20 lines of Thatcher wheat that differ for single leaf rust resistance genes and for molecular genotypes with 10 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers. Nine virulence phenotypes were described among the 193 isolates tested for virulence. Phenotype BBBQJ, found only in Ethiopia, was predominantly collected from tetraploid wheat. Phenotype EEEEE, also found only in Ethiopia, was exclusively collected from tetraploid wheat and was avirulent to the susceptible hexaploid wheat ‘Thatcher’. Phenotypes MBDSS and MCDSS, found in both Ethiopia and Kenya, were predominantly collected from common wheat. Phenotypes CCMSS, CCPSS, and CBMSS were found in Ethiopia from common wheat at low frequency. Phenotypes TCBSS and TCBSQ were found on durum wheat and common wheat in Kenya. Four groups of distinct SSR genotypes were described among the 48 isolates genotyped. Isolates with phenotypes BBBQJ and EEEEE were in two distinct SSR groups, and isolates with phenotypes MBDSS and MCDSS were in a third group. Isolates with CCMSS, CCPSS, CBMSS, TCBSS, and TCBSQ phenotypes were in a fourth SSR genotype group. The diverse host environment of Ethiopia has selected and maintained a genetically divergent population of P. triticina.

Variability for grain protein content among germplasm accessions and advanced breeding lines in dolichos bean (Lablab purpureus L. Sweet var. Lignosus Prain)

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 289-292
Author(s):  
Pranesh ◽  
S. Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
Germplasm Accessions

AbstractProtein energy malnutrition (PEM) is prevalent in south-east Asian countries including India. Breeding and introduction of grain protein-rich varieties of legumes such as dolichos bean is considered as cost-effective approach to combat PEM. Exploitation of genetic variability within germplasm accessions (GAs) and/or breeding populations is the short-term strategy for identification and delivery of protein-rich dolichos bean cultivars to cater to the immediate needs of the farmers and target population. A set of 118 dolichos bean genotypes consisting of 96 GAs and 20 advanced breeding lines (ABLs) and two released varieties (RVs) was field evaluated in augmented deign for dry grain yield per plant and their grain protein contents were estimated. The grain protein content among the genotypes ranged from 18.82 to 24.5% with a mean of 21.73%. The magnitude of estimates of absolute range, standardized range, and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) for grain protein content was higher among GAs than those among ABLs + RVs. However, average grain protein contents of GAs were comparable to those of ABLs + RVs. Nearly 50% of the genotypes (mostly GAs) had significantly higher grain protein content than those of RVs, HA 3 and HA 4. The grain protein contents of the genotypes were poorly correlated with grain yield per plant. These results are discussed in relation to strategies to breed grain protein-rich dolichos bean cultivars.

scholarly journals Using markers and field evaluation to identify the source of eyespot resistance genePch1in the collection of wheat breeding lines

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 638-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kwiatek ◽  
H. Wiśniewska ◽  
Z. Kaczmarek ◽  
M. Korbas ◽  
M. Gawłowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Eyespot Resistance

scholarly journals The Landscape of Autophagy-Related (ATG) Genes and Functional Characterization of TaVAMP727 to Autophagy in Wheat

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 891
Author(s):  
Wenjie Yue ◽  
Haobin Zhang ◽  
Xuming Sun ◽  
Ning Su ◽  
Qi Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Regulation Network ◽  
Atg Genes ◽  
Drought And Salt Stresses ◽  
Related Proteins

Autophagy is an indispensable biological process and plays crucial roles in plant growth and plant responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses. This study systematically identified autophagy-related proteins (ATGs) in wheat and its diploid and tetraploid progenitors and investigated their genomic organization, structure characteristics, expression patterns, genetic variation, and regulation network. We identified a total of 77, 51, 29, and 30 ATGs in wheat, wild emmer, T. urartu and A. tauschii, respectively, and grouped them into 19 subfamilies. We found that these autophagy-related genes (ATGs) suffered various degrees of selection during the wheat’s domestication and breeding processes. The genetic variations in the promoter region of Ta2A_ATG8a were associated with differences in seed size, which might be artificially selected for during the domestication process of tetraploid wheat. Overexpression of TaVAMP727 improved the cold, drought, and salt stresses resistance of the transgenic Arabidopsis and wheat. It also promoted wheat heading by regulating the expression of most ATGs. Our findings demonstrate how ATGs regulate wheat plant development and improve abiotic stress resistance. The results presented here provide the basis for wheat breeding programs for selecting varieties of higher yield which are capable of growing in colder, drier, and saltier areas.

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