Production and cytological studies of nine-paired barley (Hordeum vulgare)

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hang ◽  
T. Tsuchiya
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Karyotype Evolution ◽  
Proximal Segment ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Metaphase I

Several barley plants with 2n = 18 chromosomes (9 II) were developed from crosses between two lines with 2n = 16 chromosomes (8 II). Cytological studies of the 18-chromosome plants showed nine bivalents at metaphase I and normal 9:9 segregation at anaphase I. Morphologically, these plants with 18 chromosomes were qualitatively similar to normal diploids (2n = 14), in spite of a duplication of a small proximal segment of the short arm of chromosome 3. However, the 18-chromosome plants were as vigorous as some normal diploid cultivars and more vigorous than 16-chromosome parental lines. If the duplicated segment carried beneficial gene(s), it might be useful for enhancement of germplasm in barley genetics and breeding. The significance of the establishment of this new 18-chromosome barley in karyotype evolution is discussed.Key words: nine-paired barley, aneuploid, trisomic, duplication, Hordeum.

Cytogenetics of two novel compensating diploids in barley (Hordeum vulgare)

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Singh ◽  
T. Tsuchiya
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Chromosome Arrangement ◽  
I 11 ◽  
Chromosome Separation ◽  
Spring Type ◽  
Origin Identification ◽  
Metaphase I

Novel compensating diploid plants are very rare in diploid species. The objective of this study was to describe the origin, identification, and meiotic and breeding behaviors of two compensating diploids of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), isolated in a spring-type two-rowed cultivar, 'Shin Ebisu 16' (SE 16). A plant with 2n = 13 + 1 acro3L3S + 1 telo3S was identified cytologically in an F2 population from the cross 2n = 14 + 1 acro3L3S × yst 2 (yellow streak 2). In this plant, 1 acro3L3S and 1 telo3S compensated for one normal chromosome 3. The selfed population from this plant usually segregated three chromosomal types in a ratio of 1 (2n = 14): 2 (2n = 13 + 1 acro3L3S + 1 telo3S): (2n = 12 + 2 acro3L3S + 2 telo3S). A 1 (2n = 14): 1 (2n = 13 + 1 acro3L3S + 1 telo3S) ratio was observed when the plants with 2n = 13 + 1 acro3L3S + 1 telo3S were crossed with a diploid either as a male or female. At metaphase I, plants with 2n = 13 + 1 acro3L3S + 1 telo3S showed a 1 III + 6 II configuration in 84% of the sporotypes and the remaining (16%) sporocytes had a 6 II + I 11 (heteromorphic) + 1 I configuration. The chromosome arrangement in a trivalent was ∙3S–3S∙3L–3L3S. At anaphase I, a 7–8 (6 + 1 acro3L3S + 1 telo3S) chromosome separation was observed in 87.9% sporocytes. The second compensating diploid (2n = 12 + 2 acro3L3S + 2 telo3S) bred true and only produced plants with 2n = 13 + 1 acro3L3S + 1 telo3S when crossed with a diploid either as a male or female. At metaphase I, 97% of the sporocytes showed 8 II (6 II + I acro3L3S II + 1 telo3SII) and an 8–8 chromosome separation was recorded in 90% of the sporocytes at anaphase I. Morphologically, plants with 2n = 14, 2n = 13 + 1 acro3L3s + 1 telo3S, and 2n = 12 + 2 acro3L3S + 2 telo3S were indistinguishable.Key words: acrotrisomics, telotrisomics, heterochromatin.

Seven members of the (1?3)-?-glucanase gene family in barley (Hordeum vulgare) are clustered on the long arm of chromosome 3 (3HL)

1996 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 791-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-D. Li ◽  
P. Langridge ◽  
R. C. M. Lance ◽  
P. Xu ◽  
G. B. Fincher
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Chromosome 3

scholarly journals Excess Heterozygosity Contributes to Genetic Map Expansion in Pea Recombinant Inbred Populations

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 162 (2) ◽  
pp. 861-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
M R Knox ◽  
T H N Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Group V ◽  
F2 Population ◽  
Map Construction ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Inbred Populations ◽  
Excess Heterozygosity

Abstract Several plant genetic maps presented in the literature are longer than expected from cytogenetic data. Here we compare F2 and RI maps derived from a cross between the same two parental lines and show that excess heterozygosity contributes to map inflation. These maps have been constructed using a common set of dominant markers. Although not generally regarded as informative for F2 mapping, these allowed rapid map construction, and the resulting data analysis has provided information not otherwise obvious when examining a population from only one generation. Segregation distortion, a common feature of most populations and marker systems, found in the F2 but not the RI, has identified excess heterozygosity. A few markers with a deficiency of heterozygotes were found to map to linkage group V (chromosome 3), which is known to form rod bivalents in this cross. Although the final map length was longer for the F2 population, the mapped order of markers was generally the same in the F2 and RI maps. The data presented in this analysis reconcile much of the inconsistency between map length estimates from chiasma counts and genetic data.

THE ACTION OF ACTINOMYCIN D AND DIEPOXYBUTANE ON RECOMBINATION OF TWO CLOSELY LINKED LOCI IN HORDEUM

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Sinha ◽  
S. B. Helgason
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Alkylating Agent ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Meiotic Stage ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Uppermost Internode

The effects of applying aqueous solutions of each of actinomycin D (50 μg/ml) and diepoxybutane (0.04%) at the pre-meiotic stage of Hordeum vulgare L. Emend. Lam. were determined with respect to segregation and recombination of the mutants xe and an, closely linked in a region proximal to the centromere in chromosome 3. The solutions were injected into the spike area and the uppermost internode. Recombination in diepoxybutane-treated barley was approximately threefold that of the control for the region tested. A corressponding increase resulted from treatment with actinomycin D. Lethality to culms was considerably greater from the antibiotic than from the alkylating agent. Actinomycin D also reduced the frequency of expression, among progeny plants, of the albino (an) phenotype. Although the effect of the two chemicals on recombination was similar, differences in other effects were considered to indicate different modes of action in raising recombination levels.

HAPLOIDS FROM BARLEY × RYE CROSSES

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fedak
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
First Report ◽  
Metaphase I

Haploids of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. emend. Lam.) were recovered at a frequency of less than 1% from pollinations of five strains of barley with the diploid rye cv. Prolific. This is the first report of barley haploids obtained from barley × rye crosses. Preliminary studies suggest that haploids arose through a process of elimination of rye chromatin. At metaphase I in the haploids a small degree of nonhomologous pairing expressed as bivalents and trivalents or secondary associations was observed.

MINGO BARLEY

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. HO ◽  
G. E. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Barley Cultivar ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Breeder Seed ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
High Test

Mingo, a six-rowed spring feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), is the first barley cultivar developed by the doubled haploid method. It has a high yield, high test weight and good threshability. It took only 5 yr from the time when the parental lines were crossed to the time when Mingo was licenced on 28 March 1979. Breeder seed of Mingo is maintained by CIBA-GEIGY Seeds Ltd., Ailsa Craig, Ontario.

scholarly journals GENETIC CONTROL OF CHROMOSOME ELIMINATION DURING HAPLOID FORMATION IN BARLEY

Genetics ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-275
Author(s):  
K M Ho ◽  
K J Kasha
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Chromosome Elimination ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Chromosome Stability ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Tetraploid Cytotypes

ABSTRACT Genetic control over chromosome stability in the interspecific hybrid embryos of Hordeum vulgare and H. bulbosum has been hypothesized to reside on specific chromosomes. In this study, crosses between the primary trisomic lines for the seven different H. vulgare chromosomes and tetraploid H. bulbosum revealed that both chromosomes 2 and 3 of H. vulgare were involved in the control of chromosome elimination. Subsequent crosses using the available monotelotrisomics for chromosomes 2 and 3 led to the conclusion that both arms of chromosome 2 and the short arm of chromosome 3 most likely contain major genetic factors.—From the results of this study and the genome balance observed in the interspecific crosses between H. vulgare and H. bulbosum at the diploid and tetraploid cytotypes, it appears that the factors causing the elimination of the bulbosum chromosomes are located on the H. vulgare chromosome. These factors are offset or balanced by factors on the H. bulbosum chromosomes which, when present in sufficient dosage, either neutralize the effects of the vulgare factors or are able to "protect" the bulbosum chromosomes.

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