HAPLOIDS FROM BARLEY × RYE CROSSES

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fedak
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
First Report ◽  
Metaphase I

Haploids of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. emend. Lam.) were recovered at a frequency of less than 1% from pollinations of five strains of barley with the diploid rye cv. Prolific. This is the first report of barley haploids obtained from barley × rye crosses. Preliminary studies suggest that haploids arose through a process of elimination of rye chromatin. At metaphase I in the haploids a small degree of nonhomologous pairing expressed as bivalents and trivalents or secondary associations was observed.

Cytogenetics of two novel compensating diploids in barley (Hordeum vulgare)

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Singh ◽  
T. Tsuchiya
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Chromosome Arrangement ◽  
I 11 ◽  
Chromosome Separation ◽  
Spring Type ◽  
Origin Identification ◽  
Metaphase I

Novel compensating diploid plants are very rare in diploid species. The objective of this study was to describe the origin, identification, and meiotic and breeding behaviors of two compensating diploids of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), isolated in a spring-type two-rowed cultivar, 'Shin Ebisu 16' (SE 16). A plant with 2n = 13 + 1 acro3L3S + 1 telo3S was identified cytologically in an F2 population from the cross 2n = 14 + 1 acro3L3S × yst 2 (yellow streak 2). In this plant, 1 acro3L3S and 1 telo3S compensated for one normal chromosome 3. The selfed population from this plant usually segregated three chromosomal types in a ratio of 1 (2n = 14): 2 (2n = 13 + 1 acro3L3S + 1 telo3S): (2n = 12 + 2 acro3L3S + 2 telo3S). A 1 (2n = 14): 1 (2n = 13 + 1 acro3L3S + 1 telo3S) ratio was observed when the plants with 2n = 13 + 1 acro3L3S + 1 telo3S were crossed with a diploid either as a male or female. At metaphase I, plants with 2n = 13 + 1 acro3L3S + 1 telo3S showed a 1 III + 6 II configuration in 84% of the sporotypes and the remaining (16%) sporocytes had a 6 II + I 11 (heteromorphic) + 1 I configuration. The chromosome arrangement in a trivalent was ∙3S–3S∙3L–3L3S. At anaphase I, a 7–8 (6 + 1 acro3L3S + 1 telo3S) chromosome separation was observed in 87.9% sporocytes. The second compensating diploid (2n = 12 + 2 acro3L3S + 2 telo3S) bred true and only produced plants with 2n = 13 + 1 acro3L3S + 1 telo3S when crossed with a diploid either as a male or female. At metaphase I, 97% of the sporocytes showed 8 II (6 II + I acro3L3S II + 1 telo3SII) and an 8–8 chromosome separation was recorded in 90% of the sporocytes at anaphase I. Morphologically, plants with 2n = 14, 2n = 13 + 1 acro3L3s + 1 telo3S, and 2n = 12 + 2 acro3L3S + 2 telo3S were indistinguishable.Key words: acrotrisomics, telotrisomics, heterochromatin.

Ultrastructure and Senescence in an Achloroplastic Mutant of Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Dyan

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 844-845
Author(s):  
R.H.M. Cross ◽  
C.E.J. Botha ◽  
A.K. Cowan ◽  
B.J. Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Lethal Mutant ◽  
Cytoplasmic Matrix ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Pinocytotic Vesicles

Senescence is an ordered degenerative process leading to death of individual cells, organs and organisms. The detection of a conditional lethal mutant (achloroplastic) of Hordeum vulgare has enabled us to investigate ultrastructural changes occurring in leaf tissue during foliar senescence.Examination of the tonoplast structure in six and 14 day-old mutant tissue revealed a progressive degeneration and disappearance of the membrane, apparently starting by day six in the vicinity of the mitochondria associated with the degenerating proplastid (Fig. 1.) where neither of the plastid membrane leaflets is evident (arrows, Fig. 1.). At this stage there was evidence that the mitochondrial membranes were undergoing retrogressive changes, coupled with disorganization of cristae (Fig. 2.). Proplastids (P) lack definitive prolamellar bodies. The cytoplasmic matrix is largely agranular, with few endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternae or polyribosomal aggregates. Interestingly, large numbers of actively-budding dictysomes, associated with pinocytotic vesicles, were observed in close proximity to the plasmalemma of mesophyll cells (Fig. 3.). By day 14 however, mesophyll cells showed almost complete breakdown of subcellular organelle structure (Fig. 4.), and further evidence for the breakdown of the tonoplast. The final stage of senescence is characterized by the solubilization of the cell wall due to expression and activity of polygalacturonase and/or cellulose. The presence of dictyosomes with associated pinocytotic vesicles formed from the mature face, in close proximity to both the plasmalemma and the cell wall, would appear to support the model proposed by Christopherson for the secretion of cellulase. This pathway of synthesis is typical for secretory glycoproteins.

ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ ЯЧМЕНЯ (Hordeum vulgare L.) РАЗНОГО ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКОГО ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ ПО ЭЛЕМЕНТАМ СТРУКТУРЫ УРОЖАЯ

2012 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
А.В. ЖЕЛЕЗНОВ ◽  
◽  
Н.Б. ЖЕЛЕЗНОВА ◽  
Т.В. КУКОЕВА ◽  
Н.В. БУРМАКИНА ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

ВНУТРИВИДОВОЙ ПОЛИМОРФИЗМ ЯРОВОГО ЯЧМЕНЯ (Hordeum vulgare L.) ПО УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ К ДЕЙСТВИЮ СВИНЦА

2014 ◽  
pp. 78-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.В. ДИКАРЕВ ◽  
◽  
В.Г. ДИКАРЕВ ◽  
Н.С. ДИКАРЕВА ◽  
С.А. ГЕРАСЬКИН ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L
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