THE ACTION OF ACTINOMYCIN D AND DIEPOXYBUTANE ON RECOMBINATION OF TWO CLOSELY LINKED LOCI IN HORDEUM

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Sinha ◽  
S. B. Helgason
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Alkylating Agent ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Meiotic Stage ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Uppermost Internode

The effects of applying aqueous solutions of each of actinomycin D (50 μg/ml) and diepoxybutane (0.04%) at the pre-meiotic stage of Hordeum vulgare L. Emend. Lam. were determined with respect to segregation and recombination of the mutants xe and an, closely linked in a region proximal to the centromere in chromosome 3. The solutions were injected into the spike area and the uppermost internode. Recombination in diepoxybutane-treated barley was approximately threefold that of the control for the region tested. A corressponding increase resulted from treatment with actinomycin D. Lethality to culms was considerably greater from the antibiotic than from the alkylating agent. Actinomycin D also reduced the frequency of expression, among progeny plants, of the albino (an) phenotype. Although the effect of the two chemicals on recombination was similar, differences in other effects were considered to indicate different modes of action in raising recombination levels.

scholarly journals Development of stomata in Hordeum vulgare L. under the influence of oleander glycosides and colchicine

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Tarkowska ◽  
M. Wierzbicka ◽  
M. Grzegrzółka
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Similar Type ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

The effect of aqueous solutions of a 0.1 per cent mixture of oleander glycosides and of 0.1 and 0.5 per cent colchicine on the growth of seedlings, and particularly on the development of stomata was investigated in <i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L. The compounds were found not to penetrate with the same readiness through the coleoptile: glycosides passed very slowly, while colchicine rapidly. Growth inhibition of seedlings increased with the concentrations of the solutions applied, the time of incubation and the degree of damage to the coleoptile. Colchicine and glycosides cause a similar type of disturbances in all cell divisions leading to the formation of stomata. Most numerous disturbances were noted in phase II. The cause of these disorders lies in damage to the karyokinetic sipindle and abnormal cytokinesis. As a result are formed the stomata with a changed number of guard cells or subsidiary cells, their shape is changed and sometimes also their orientation and the dimensions are reduced.

Cytogenetics of two novel compensating diploids in barley (Hordeum vulgare)

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Singh ◽  
T. Tsuchiya
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Chromosome Arrangement ◽  
I 11 ◽  
Chromosome Separation ◽  
Spring Type ◽  
Origin Identification ◽  
Metaphase I

Novel compensating diploid plants are very rare in diploid species. The objective of this study was to describe the origin, identification, and meiotic and breeding behaviors of two compensating diploids of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), isolated in a spring-type two-rowed cultivar, 'Shin Ebisu 16' (SE 16). A plant with 2n = 13 + 1 acro3L3S + 1 telo3S was identified cytologically in an F2 population from the cross 2n = 14 + 1 acro3L3S × yst 2 (yellow streak 2). In this plant, 1 acro3L3S and 1 telo3S compensated for one normal chromosome 3. The selfed population from this plant usually segregated three chromosomal types in a ratio of 1 (2n = 14): 2 (2n = 13 + 1 acro3L3S + 1 telo3S): (2n = 12 + 2 acro3L3S + 2 telo3S). A 1 (2n = 14): 1 (2n = 13 + 1 acro3L3S + 1 telo3S) ratio was observed when the plants with 2n = 13 + 1 acro3L3S + 1 telo3S were crossed with a diploid either as a male or female. At metaphase I, plants with 2n = 13 + 1 acro3L3S + 1 telo3S showed a 1 III + 6 II configuration in 84% of the sporotypes and the remaining (16%) sporocytes had a 6 II + I 11 (heteromorphic) + 1 I configuration. The chromosome arrangement in a trivalent was ∙3S–3S∙3L–3L3S. At anaphase I, a 7–8 (6 + 1 acro3L3S + 1 telo3S) chromosome separation was observed in 87.9% sporocytes. The second compensating diploid (2n = 12 + 2 acro3L3S + 2 telo3S) bred true and only produced plants with 2n = 13 + 1 acro3L3S + 1 telo3S when crossed with a diploid either as a male or female. At metaphase I, 97% of the sporocytes showed 8 II (6 II + I acro3L3S II + 1 telo3SII) and an 8–8 chromosome separation was recorded in 90% of the sporocytes at anaphase I. Morphologically, plants with 2n = 14, 2n = 13 + 1 acro3L3s + 1 telo3S, and 2n = 12 + 2 acro3L3S + 2 telo3S were indistinguishable.Key words: acrotrisomics, telotrisomics, heterochromatin.

Comparison of crossover frequencies in barley (Hordeum vulgare) and H. vulgare × H. bulbosum hybrids using a paracentric inversion

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 666-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Pickering
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Paracentric Inversion ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Crossing Over ◽  
Gene Introgression ◽  
Hordeum Bulbosum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Meiotic Analyses ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosomes

Crosses between different parental ploidy combinations of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and H. bulbosum L. have been carried out principally to obtain hybrids with high allosyndetic chromosome pairing. Fertility has been observed in tetraploid and triploid hybrids, but there has been little evidence of gene introgression from H. bulbosum into H. vulgare in their progeny. To investigate whether crossing-over takes place between homoeologous chromosomes of H. vulgare and H. bulbosum, diploid hybrids were obtained from crosses between a barley mutant (wst3) homozygous for a paracentric inversion on chromosome 3 and one H. bulbosum genotype. Meiotic analyses at metaphase I and anaphase I and II were carried out on several viable hybrids and compared with control diploid hybrids without the inversion and H. vulgare plants heterozygous for the inversion. Aberrations (bridges and (or) fragments) in H. vulgare × H. bulbosum pollen mother cells at anaphase I were significantly less frequent than in the barley hétérozygote. It is concluded that reduced crossing-over between the parental chromosomes in hybrids contributes to the lack of success in obtaining genetic recombinations between the two species.Key words: Hordeum vulgare, Hordeum bulbosum, interspecific hybrid, paracentric inversion, crossing-over.

Ultrastructure and Senescence in an Achloroplastic Mutant of Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Dyan

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 844-845
Author(s):  
R.H.M. Cross ◽  
C.E.J. Botha ◽  
A.K. Cowan ◽  
B.J. Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Lethal Mutant ◽  
Cytoplasmic Matrix ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Pinocytotic Vesicles

Senescence is an ordered degenerative process leading to death of individual cells, organs and organisms. The detection of a conditional lethal mutant (achloroplastic) of Hordeum vulgare has enabled us to investigate ultrastructural changes occurring in leaf tissue during foliar senescence.Examination of the tonoplast structure in six and 14 day-old mutant tissue revealed a progressive degeneration and disappearance of the membrane, apparently starting by day six in the vicinity of the mitochondria associated with the degenerating proplastid (Fig. 1.) where neither of the plastid membrane leaflets is evident (arrows, Fig. 1.). At this stage there was evidence that the mitochondrial membranes were undergoing retrogressive changes, coupled with disorganization of cristae (Fig. 2.). Proplastids (P) lack definitive prolamellar bodies. The cytoplasmic matrix is largely agranular, with few endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternae or polyribosomal aggregates. Interestingly, large numbers of actively-budding dictysomes, associated with pinocytotic vesicles, were observed in close proximity to the plasmalemma of mesophyll cells (Fig. 3.). By day 14 however, mesophyll cells showed almost complete breakdown of subcellular organelle structure (Fig. 4.), and further evidence for the breakdown of the tonoplast. The final stage of senescence is characterized by the solubilization of the cell wall due to expression and activity of polygalacturonase and/or cellulose. The presence of dictyosomes with associated pinocytotic vesicles formed from the mature face, in close proximity to both the plasmalemma and the cell wall, would appear to support the model proposed by Christopherson for the secretion of cellulase. This pathway of synthesis is typical for secretory glycoproteins.

ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ ЯЧМЕНЯ (Hordeum vulgare L.) РАЗНОГО ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКОГО ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ ПО ЭЛЕМЕНТАМ СТРУКТУРЫ УРОЖАЯ

2012 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
А.В. ЖЕЛЕЗНОВ ◽  
◽  
Н.Б. ЖЕЛЕЗНОВА ◽  
Т.В. КУКОЕВА ◽  
Н.В. БУРМАКИНА ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

ВНУТРИВИДОВОЙ ПОЛИМОРФИЗМ ЯРОВОГО ЯЧМЕНЯ (Hordeum vulgare L.) ПО УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ К ДЕЙСТВИЮ СВИНЦА

2014 ◽  
pp. 78-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.В. ДИКАРЕВ ◽  
◽  
В.Г. ДИКАРЕВ ◽  
Н.С. ДИКАРЕВА ◽  
С.А. ГЕРАСЬКИН ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L
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