DIALLEL ANALYSIS OF LEAF NUMBER AND DURATION TO MID-SILK IN MAIZE

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. N. A. Bonaparte
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Effective Factor ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Mode Of Inheritance

The diallel cross technique was used to study the mode of inheritance of leaf number and duration to mid-silk in six inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.). Leaf number showed partial dominance, and the additive gene effects accounted for a high proportion of the total variation. The narrow and broad heritabilities were both high. Leaf number was controlled by at least one effective factor. Both additive and dominance components were responsible for the expression of duration to mid-silk. The narrow and broad heritabilities were both high. Duration to mid-silk was controlled by at least four effective factors.

scholarly journals Genetic variance of sunflower yield components - Heliantus annuus L.

Genetika ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Hladni ◽  
Dragan Skoric ◽  
Marija Kraljevic-Balalic
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Mode Of Inheritance

The main goals of sunflower breeding in Yugoslavia and abroad are increased seed yield and oil content per unit area and increased resistance to diseases, insects and stress conditions via an optimization of plant architecture. In order to determine the mode of inheritance, gene effects and correlations of total leaf number per plant, total leaf area and plant height, six genetically divergent inbred lines of sunflower were subjected to half diallel crosses. Significant differences in mean values of all the traits were found in the F1 and F2 generations. Additive gene effects were more important in the inheritance of total leaf number per plant and plant height, while in the case of total leaf area per plant the nonadditive ones were more important looking at all the combinations in the F1 and F2 generations. The average degree of dominance (Hi/D)1/2 was lower than one for total leaf number per plant and plant height, so the mode of inheritance was partial dominance, while with total leaf area the value was higher than one, indicating super dominance as the mode of inheritance. Significant positive correlation was found: between total leaf area per plant and total leaf number per plant (0.285*) and plant height (0.278*). The results of the study are of importance for further sunflower breeding work.

DIALLEL ANALYSIS OF LEAF CHARACTERISTICS IN INDIAN MUSTARD

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-689
Author(s):  
Shree Pal Singh ◽  
Dharampal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Complete Diallel Cross ◽  
Additive Gene

A complete diallel cross involving four experimental strains and six standard cultivars of Indian mustard. Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. and Coss., was investigated for the inheritance of leaf length and leaf width. Considerable heterosis and heterobeltiosis were found in certain hybrid combinations for both characters. Several crosses exceeded the performance of the best cultivar. Partial dominance for leaf length and overdominance for leaf width were observed. Highly significant additive gene effects were found for both characters bur only about one third of the total variance exhibited by leaf length and about one sixth of that by leaf width may be ascribed to this component. The correlation between the two characters was positive. It was concluded that breeding programs should put more emphasis on leaf length rather than leaf width for effective manipulations of leaf size.

GENE EFFECTS IN CORN (ZEA MAYS L.): III. RELATIVE STABILITY OF THE GENE EFFECTS IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 628-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin E. Gamble
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Relative Stability ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Population Means ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
The Cross

Six inbred lines of corn and their F1’s, F2’s, and backcrosses were tested at two locations in each of 2 years. The population means obtained were used to estimate additive, dominance, additive × additive, additive × dominance, and dominance × dominance gene effects for six quantitative attributes.Variance components of cross × environment interactions indicated the presence of major interactions of gene effects with environments. The cross × year interactions were of major importance but the cross × location interactions were of minor importance. Additive gene effects appeared to be the most constant over environments followed by additive × dominance gene effects. The remaining types of gene effects indicated very little stability over environments for most of the attributes studied. Estimates of gene effects were most constant over environments for ear diameter in corn while yield, plant height, and seed weight showed little or no stability of the estimates of the gene effects.

GENE EFFECTS IN CORN (ZEA MAYS L.): II. RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF GENE EFFECTS FOR PLANT HEIGHT AND CERTAIN COMPONENT ATTRIBUTES OF YIELD

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Gamble
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Additive Gene Effects ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Kernel Row Number

Estimates of mean effects, additive, dominance, additive × additive, additive × dominance, and dominance × dominance gene effects were obtained for 15 crosses from 6 inbred lines of corn for each of the following attributes: plant height, kernel row number, ear length, ear diameter, and seed weight.All the gene effects were found to contribute to inheritance of the attributes in the crosses studied. However, not all gene effects are present in all crosses. Mean effects were the most important contributors to the inheritance of the attributes. Of the gene effects, the dominance gene effects were the most important contributors to the inheritance of the attributes except for kernel row number. Additive, dominance and epistatic gene effects appear to contribute more or less equally to the inheritance of kernel row number. Additive gene effects were more important for these attributes than for yield. They were relatively more important for kernel row number, ear diameter, and seed weight than for plant height and ear length.Epistatic gene effects were relatively more important than additive gene effects but less important than dominance gene effects for the material studied. For the attributes studied the additive × dominance and dominance × dominance gene effects were somewhat more important contributors to inheritance than the additive × additive effects.

GENE EFFECTS IN CORN (ZEA MAYS L.): I. SEPARATION AND RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF GENE EFFECTS FOR YIELD

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Gamble
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Population Means ◽  
Additive Gene Effects ◽  
Additive Gene

A procedure is outlined for the separation, into six parameters, of gene effects affecting genetic variation of a quantitative trait. These parameters represent mean effects, additive and dominance gene effects, and the three types of digenic epistatic effects. Estimates of the parameters are obtained using the population means of two inbred lines, their cross, and descendants due to subsequent selfing and crossing. The relative importance of the different gene effects can be evaluated from the magnitude and significance of the estimates.Population means of six inbred lines of corn, and all possible F1, F2, P1F1, and P2F1 crosses among them, were used to obtain estimates of the various gene effects for yield of shelled corn. Mean yield performance of the populations was obtained from four experiments grown at two locations in each of 2 years.With regard to the 15 crosses, the estimates of gene effects indicate that the dominance gene effects were quite important in the inheritance of yield. Estimates of additive gene effects were of low magnitude and many were non-significant. Epistatic gene effects were considered to be more important than additive gene effects in the inheritance of yield in the crosses studied. The additive × additive and additive × dominance gene effects were relatively more important than the dominance × dominance effects.

scholarly journals Diallel analysis of seven quantitative traits in deshi jute (Corchorus capsularis L.)

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Rahima Khatun ◽  
RH Sarker ◽  
MA Sobhan
Keyword(s):  
Dominance Effect ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Base Diameter ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Corchorus Capsularis ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
Additive Gene

Genetic constitution of yield and its associated traits of Corchorus capsularis L. was investigated using a 10 × 10 full diallel cross experiment. Additive gene action system with partial dominance was predominat for plant height, technical height, base diameter and number of nodes in F1. Non-allellic interaction was involved in the inheritance of bark weight and stick weight in F2. The Vr - Wr graph for bark weight and fibre weight of F1 and F2 showed an additive genetic system with dominance effect. The parents Acc. 4087 and var. A-38 possessed maximum number of dominant alleles for most of the characters. Acc.1833 possessed an excess of recessive genes for all the characters. Key words: Diallel analysis; Inheritance; Dominance effect; Corchorus capsularisDOI: 10.3329/bjb.v39i2.7299 Bangladesh J. Bot. 39(2): 137-141, 2010 (December)

GENETIC ANALYSIS OF SEED SIZE IN PIGEON PEA CAJANUS CAJAN

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-548
Author(s):  
D. Sharma ◽  
Laxman Singh ◽  
S. S. Baghel ◽  
H. K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Degree Of Dominance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
High Heritability

Diallel analysis for seed size on 10 varieties of pigeon pea or arhar Cajanus cajan L. Millsp., representing different maturity groups and wide range of variability in seed size, was conducted to determine genetic parameters. The D and H1 components indicated a predominance of additive gene effects and the degree of dominance was in the partial dominance range. Seed size was simply inherited with a high heritability value of 0.82. The scatter of parental arrays in a Wr, Vr graph suggested that the genes controlling smaller seed size were dominant over the genes controlling larger seed size. The analysis indicated the possibility of improving seed size by simple selection procedures.

scholarly journals Identification of Heterotic Pairs by Full-Sib Reciprocal Recurrent Selection in Maize Synthetic Populations on Turda CompositeA(B)(2) x Turda CompositeB(A)(2)

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-213
Author(s):  
Andreea Daniela ONA ◽  
Ioan HAȘ ◽  
Ivan ILARIE ◽  
Voichița HAȘ ◽  
Nicolae TRITEAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Heterotic Group ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Synthetic Populations ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Selection Test

In the last 40 years, pre-breeding works induced, in more and more centers of maize breeding, full-sib reciprocal recurrent selection programmes to identify some heterotic pairs which can be sources for obtaining performance inbred lines. The aim is to identify the heterotic pairs with the best results according to the yield potential of maize, the breaking and falling resistance, and the grains moisture at the harvesting time. The creation programme of A and B composite population started at ARDS Turda in 1985. Inside of A composite came the next inbred lines: B73, A632, M117, TC209, T291, being from the B SSS heterotic group, and inside of B composite came the inbred lines Mo17, C103, TC 208, T248, W633, appreciated by us or being related to Lancaster Sure Crop heterotic group. The experimentation was done in two orientation comparative cultures, each one with 49 variants, in 4 repetitions; the comparative culture was a balanced quadratic grid of 7x7 type. From each culture were chosen the first six variants, which were evaluated according to the next characters: production potential, breaking and falling resistance, grains moisture at harvest. The presented results are a part from the second cycle of full-sib reciprocal recurrent selection. Test crosses and self-pollinations were made on plants from the two composites which had two cobs; on the first cob from A Composite realised the cross with the corresponding plant from the B Composite, and from the plant panicle of the B Composite was collected pollen to pollinate the chosen plant from the A Composite. At the both plants from the crossing, the second cob was self-pollinated and kept in reserve until 2010, when the test crosses was experimented and were selected the pairs with the best results according to the above characters. Using the full-sib reciprocal recurrent selection, we can successfully harnessing, simultaneously, the additive and non-additive gene effects.

scholarly journals Diallel Analysis for Area, Chlorophyll and Temperature of Flag Leaf in Bread Wheat under Well Watered and Drought Stress Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Naheif E. Mohamed ◽  
Ismail M. Bedawy ◽  
Yasser A. M. Hefny
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Additive Gene

To study genetic analysis of some physiological traits of drought stress in wheat using diallel techniques, an experiment was performed on ten bread wheat genotypes as parents and their 45 F1 hybrids in a randomized complete block design with three replicates under well-watered and drought stress conditions at the Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, Egypt during season of 2018/19. The results showed significant differences between the genotypes (G), Parents (P), F1 crosses, P vs. F1, GCA and SCA under well-watered and drought stress in the flag leaf area (FLA), flag leaf chlorophyll content (FLCC) and flag leaf temperature (FLT), except FLCC for F1 crosses exhibited insignificant differences. The significant differences were found in the interaction of SCA × Env., in all studied traits and GCA × Env., for FLT., indicating the involvement of both additive and dominance gene action in their inheritance. The most desirable heterotic effects were considered as the largest positive heterosis estimates for FLA and FLCC, and the lowest negative for FLT. The parent numbers P9, P8 and P3 were the best general combiner for FLA under normal irrigation and drought stress. While the parents P2, P7 and P9 were the best general combiner for FLCC, under normal irrigation and (P1, P2 and P3) under drought stress. Therefor the parents P1, P4 and P5 were the best general combiner for FLT under normal irrigation, also the P3, P4 and P5 were the best general combiner for FLT under drought stress conditions. Under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions as well as the combined data, the additive genetic components of variation (VA) in F1 ’s was much greater than dominance component (VD), as expressed by the (VA/VD) ratio which was more than unity for the FLA, and FLT under normal irrigation and their combined. This indicates that the additive gene effects in F1 crosses are more important than dominance and plays the major role in the inheritance of these studied traits.

scholarly journals Assessing Effect of Marker-Based Improvement of Maize Synthetics on Agronomic Performance, Carotenoid Content, Combining Ability and Heterosis

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1625
Author(s):  
Innocent Iseghohi ◽  
Ayodeji Abe ◽  
Silvestro Meseka ◽  
Wende Mengesha ◽  
Melaku Gedil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Β Carotene

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a serious problem in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and other parts of the world. Understanding the effect of marker-based improvement (MARS) of two maize synthetics (HGA and HGB) representing different heterotic groups on their agronomic performance, carotenoid content, and combining abilities could help identify suitable sources to develop divergent inbred lines for optimizing heterosis. This study involved three selection cycles each of the two synthetics and their nine varietal-cross hybrids together with a released check variety was conducted across four diverse locations in Nigeria in 2018 and 2019. Environment and hybrid effects were significant on grain yield and other agronomic traits as well as provitamin A content and other carotenoids. Genetic improvement per cycle of MARS in the parental synthetics was 15% for provitamin A, 25% for β-carotene and 26% for lutein in HGA and 4% for grain yield, 3% for zeaxanthin and 5% for α-carotene in HGB. Grain yield and agronomic traits of the two maize synthetics were controlled by additive and non-additive gene effects, while provitamin A content and other carotenoids were mainly controlled by additive gene effects. Some selection cycles which were high in grain yield and provitamin A content were identified as potential sources of new and divergent maize inbred lines in maize breeding programs. Some varietal-cross hybrids expressed significant mid-parent heterosis for grain yield and moderate mid-parent heterosis for provitamin A, β-carotene and xanthophylls. These hybrids could be commercialized at reasonable prices to small-scale farmers in rural areas that are most affected by vitamin A deficiency.

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