GENE EFFECTS IN CORN (ZEA MAYS L.): II. RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF GENE EFFECTS FOR PLANT HEIGHT AND CERTAIN COMPONENT ATTRIBUTES OF YIELD

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Gamble
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Additive Gene Effects ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Kernel Row Number

Estimates of mean effects, additive, dominance, additive × additive, additive × dominance, and dominance × dominance gene effects were obtained for 15 crosses from 6 inbred lines of corn for each of the following attributes: plant height, kernel row number, ear length, ear diameter, and seed weight.All the gene effects were found to contribute to inheritance of the attributes in the crosses studied. However, not all gene effects are present in all crosses. Mean effects were the most important contributors to the inheritance of the attributes. Of the gene effects, the dominance gene effects were the most important contributors to the inheritance of the attributes except for kernel row number. Additive, dominance and epistatic gene effects appear to contribute more or less equally to the inheritance of kernel row number. Additive gene effects were more important for these attributes than for yield. They were relatively more important for kernel row number, ear diameter, and seed weight than for plant height and ear length.Epistatic gene effects were relatively more important than additive gene effects but less important than dominance gene effects for the material studied. For the attributes studied the additive × dominance and dominance × dominance gene effects were somewhat more important contributors to inheritance than the additive × additive effects.

GENE EFFECTS IN CORN (ZEA MAYS L.): I. SEPARATION AND RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF GENE EFFECTS FOR YIELD

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Gamble
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Population Means ◽  
Additive Gene Effects ◽  
Additive Gene

A procedure is outlined for the separation, into six parameters, of gene effects affecting genetic variation of a quantitative trait. These parameters represent mean effects, additive and dominance gene effects, and the three types of digenic epistatic effects. Estimates of the parameters are obtained using the population means of two inbred lines, their cross, and descendants due to subsequent selfing and crossing. The relative importance of the different gene effects can be evaluated from the magnitude and significance of the estimates.Population means of six inbred lines of corn, and all possible F1, F2, P1F1, and P2F1 crosses among them, were used to obtain estimates of the various gene effects for yield of shelled corn. Mean yield performance of the populations was obtained from four experiments grown at two locations in each of 2 years.With regard to the 15 crosses, the estimates of gene effects indicate that the dominance gene effects were quite important in the inheritance of yield. Estimates of additive gene effects were of low magnitude and many were non-significant. Epistatic gene effects were considered to be more important than additive gene effects in the inheritance of yield in the crosses studied. The additive × additive and additive × dominance gene effects were relatively more important than the dominance × dominance effects.

GENE EFFECTS IN CORN (ZEA MAYS L.): III. RELATIVE STABILITY OF THE GENE EFFECTS IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 628-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin E. Gamble
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Relative Stability ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Population Means ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
The Cross

Six inbred lines of corn and their F1’s, F2’s, and backcrosses were tested at two locations in each of 2 years. The population means obtained were used to estimate additive, dominance, additive × additive, additive × dominance, and dominance × dominance gene effects for six quantitative attributes.Variance components of cross × environment interactions indicated the presence of major interactions of gene effects with environments. The cross × year interactions were of major importance but the cross × location interactions were of minor importance. Additive gene effects appeared to be the most constant over environments followed by additive × dominance gene effects. The remaining types of gene effects indicated very little stability over environments for most of the attributes studied. Estimates of gene effects were most constant over environments for ear diameter in corn while yield, plant height, and seed weight showed little or no stability of the estimates of the gene effects.

Estimating the heritability of butterfat production

1961 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Searle
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Sampling Errors ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Additive Gene Effects ◽  
Additive Gene

Part of the variation among butterfat yields in dairy cows arises from genetic differences among the animals. The proportion which this bears to the total variance is known as heritability. In the ‘narrow’ sense it is defined (Lush, 1940), as the proportion of the total variance that is due to additive gene effects; the ‘broad’ sense definition includes genetic variation arising from non-additive gene effects as well as that due to additive effects. Since related animals have a proportion of their genes in common the covariance among their production records can be used for estimating genetic variation and hence heritability. This paper discusses three groups of related animals most frequently used for this purpose, twins, daughter-dam pairs and paternal half-sibs, and presents the results of analysing production records of artificially bred heifers in New Zealand, including evidence of the magnitude of the sampling errors of the heritability estimates.

scholarly journals 152 GENETIC ANALYSIS OF CUCUMBER QUANTITATIVE TRAITS IN THE PARENTS AND THEIR F1 DIALLEL ANALYSIS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 450e-450
Author(s):  
Seif H. Gad El-Hak ◽  
Saved. H. Mahmoud ◽  
Mohamed A.. Abobakr ◽  
Ragab M. Alv
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Diallel Crosses ◽  
Additive Gene Effects ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Cucumber Yield

Five lines of cucumber and their 10 F1 diallel crosses were statistically and graphically analyzed to evaluate their performance for eight quantitative traits. Additive and non-additive gene effects were involved in the inheritance of all traits. The variances due ro GCA and SCA effects were highly significant for all traits, but the GCA effect was much greater than SCA except In the case of plant height. The cucumber “TMG-1” and “Yomaki” genotypes were superior for GCA as well as SCA for early and total yields per plant, respectively. Therefore, they can be involved in hybrid programs improvement for cucumber yield under similar conditions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of combining ability in ornamental sunflower for floral and morphological traits

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Cvejić ◽  
S. Jocić ◽  
E. Mladenović ◽  
M. Jocković ◽  
D. Miladinović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Hybrid Combination ◽  
Diallel Crossing ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Plant Habit ◽  
Garden Plants

Ornamental sunflowers are widely cultivated for use as cut flowers and/or as garden plants. The objective of the study was to investigate breeding values of new F<sub>1</sub> ornamental sunflower hybrids using incomplete diallel crossing of four ornamental inbred lines: Heliopa, Talia, Iskra and Neoplanta. Six traits important for ornamental market use were studied. Additive gene effects prevailed in most tested traits except for lateral floral diameter and duration of lateral flowering, which exhibited non-additive effects. The results indicated that the Talia × Neoplanta hybrid combination was the most promising for cut flowers due to long and strong branches, relatively big lateral flowers while Heliopa × Iskra and Heliopa × Talia hybrids were suitable for use as garden plants due to strong plant habit, long flowering time and desirable plant height. The results obtained from this study will be helpful for further ornamental sunflower breeding.  

scholarly journals Effects of total and variances specific combining ability of hemp inbred lines and varieties in topcross systems

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
S. V. Mishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Study Methods ◽  
Additive Gene Effects ◽  
Additive Gene

Aim. Determination of combining ability of monoecious hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) inbred lines and varieties by quantitative breeding signs of plants are the aims of our study. Methods. The study was conducted in 2014–2016 in the Institute of Bast Crops of NAAS. The effects of total combining ability and specific combining ability variances investigated in the full topcross systems by the method P.P. Lytun and N.V. Proskurnyn (1992). Results. Inbred lines and varieties of hemp were significantly differentiated by the total combining ability effects and specific combining ability variances. Conclusions. Line×variety crossing Central-Russian eco-geographical type and Southern eco-geographical type of hemp was recommended for productive combination breeding. Keywords: hemp, variety, topcross, total combining ability and specific combining ability, additive gene effects and non-additive gene effects.

scholarly journals Combining Ability of Quality Protein Maize Inbred Lines for Yield and Morpho-Agronomic Traits under Optimum as Well as Combined Drought and Heat-Stressed Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyasha E. Chiuta ◽  
Charles S. Mutengwa
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Additive Gene Effects ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Drought And Heat Stress

Drought and heat stress have perceptibly become major maize (Zea mays L.) yield reducing factors in Sub-Saharan Africa. As such, the objectives of this study were to: (i) determine the type of gene action conditioning tolerance to combined drought and heat stress (CDHS), and (ii) identify inbred lines with good combining ability for yield and other morpho-agronomic traits under CDHS. Twenty-four single cross hybrids (SCHs) obtained from crossing 10 inbred lines in a 4 × 6 North Carolina Design II, and a drought-tolerant check, were evaluated under CDHS and optimum conditions in the field. The experiment was laid out in a 5 × 5 alpha lattice incomplete block design, replicated three times. Additive gene effects influenced all the traits under CDHS except grain yield, which was influenced by non-additive gene effects. A preponderance of additive genetic effects was observed for all traits recorded under optimum conditions. Inbred lines L30, L6, L5, L17 and L2 showed good combining ability for yield under CDHS, indicating that they could be good parental lines in hybridization programs. Based on the results, SCHs L2*30, L6*13 and L5*18 exhibited high specific combining ability (SCA) effects for yield under CDHS. These hybrids are recommended for further multi-locational evaluation to determine the stability of their performance.

Estimates of variation and heritability of some quantitative and quality characters in Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.)

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-264
Author(s):  
S. Sharma ◽  
Y. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Additive Gene Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
High Heritability

The results obtained for the parental, F 1 and F 2 generations of a 10 × 10 diallel set (excluding reciprocals) of durum wheat revealed that there were significant differences between all the hundred genotypes for all the characters. The genotypes represented a wide range of expression for almost all the characters. High estimates of GCV (genetic coefficient of variation) were observed for the number of effective tillers, grain yield per plant, harvest index and 1000-grain weight. The low values of GCV recorded for days to heading, grain protein content and plant height indicated their limited scope for improvement. High heritability (h 2 ) values ranging from 92.27% (grain yield/plant) to 99.00% (protein content) were observed for all the characters. The highest expected GA (genetic advance) as a percentage of the mean was manifested for harvest index, followed by plant height, number of effective tillers per plant and grain yield per plant. These traits also possessed high estimates of heritability, indicating that most of the variation in these characters was due to additive gene effects. For protein content high heritability was observed with low genetic gain, indicating non-additive gene effects. Thus, a systematic approach based on selection for harvest index, plant height and number of effective tillers per plant on the basis of high per se performance would be the most effective approach for improving the yield level of durum wheat. The wealth of variability available in the hybrid populations offers good prospects for its improvement in the near future.

scholarly journals Popping volume and grain yield in diallel set of popcorn inbred lines

Genetika ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zorica Pajic ◽  
Uros Eric ◽  
Jelena Srdic ◽  
Snezana Mladenovic-Drinic ◽  
Milomir Filipovic
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Additive Gene Effects ◽  
Satisfactory Yield ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Superior Genotypes

Popping volume and yield are traits caused by several heredity factors. It is difficult to obtain superior genotypes for both traits but it is possible to develop genotypes with good popping volume and satisfactory yield. The hybrid ZPPL2 x ZPPL5 was superior in yield, heterosis and SCA for both yield and popping volume. As inbred ZPPL4 in all combinations has a good value for popping volume could be concluded that this inbred may be used as parent in further crosses. Analysis of variance of the combining ability indicating significant SCA effect for grain yield, and significant both GCA and SCA effects for popping volume. Therefore it can be stated that yield is influenced by non-additive and popping volume by both additive and non- additive gene effects. Analysis of variance of genetic components for popping volume indicates that the additive as well as dominant components significantly affected the inheritance of this trait in popcorn. The objective of this study was to evaluate heteorsis and combing ability for grain yield and popping volume in dialalel set of six maize inbred lines.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis for seed size in three crosses of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivali Sharma ◽  
H. D. Upadhyaya ◽  
C. L. L. Gowda ◽  
Shiv Kumar ◽  
Sube Singh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Additive Gene Effects ◽  
Gene Segregation ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
100 Seed Weight

Sharma, S., Upadhyaya, H. D., Gowda, C. L. L., Kumar, S. and Singh, S. 2013. Genetic analysis for seed size in three crosses of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 387–395. Seed size (determined by 100-seed weight) is an important component of trade and yield in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The present investigation was undertaken to study the possibility of maternal inheritance for seed size and to estimate relative importance of additive and non-additive gene effects on seed size in three chickpea crosses involving two desi (ICC 5002 and ICC 7672) and two kabuli (ICC 11255 and ICC 17109) genotypes. The study included parents, F1, F2, backcross generations, and their reciprocals. Differences in the reciprocal mean 100-seed weight of F1, F2, and backcross generations were not detected in any cross. No definite major gene segregation pattern was observed in the F2 generation, and the continuous variation observed indicated quantitative inheritance. Generation mean analysis indicated the presence of additive gene effects controlling seed size in three crosses. Additive×additive type of non-allelic interactions were found significant in desi×kabuli crosses, ICC 5002×ICC 17109 and ICC 7672×ICC 11255. The selection and breeding procedure may be modified for maximum exploitation of the fixable additive×additive epistasis by delaying selection in later generations and by maintaining large populations prior to selection for maximum recombination of genes to occur.

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