THE QUANTITATIVE INHERITANCE IN SPRING WHEAT OF MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURES ABOVE THE FLAG LEAF NODE

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 738-742
Author(s):  
P. Hsu ◽  
P. D. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Leaf Node ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Additive Variance ◽  
Partial Dominance

A diallel cross between five spring wheat varieties showed that structures above the flag leaf node which contributed to the overall photosynthetic area of this region were highly heritable. For most of the characters studied additive genetic variance was significant while non-additive variance was not. The number of ears per plant and the yield per plant showed full dominance, while for the 1,000-kernel weight overdominance was present. Partial dominance was significant for peduncle length, the extrusion of the head from the leaf sheath and for the ear length.

INHERITANCE OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS ASSOCIATED WITH YIELD IN SPRING WHEAT

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Head Length ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Partial Dominance

Records from seven spring wheats in a diallel cross showed that flag-leaf lamina area, extrusion of the head from the leaf sheath, head length and yield were all controlled by minor genes. Additive gene action and general combining ability were shown to be important genetic factors for all characters studied. Partial dominance was present for yield, flag-leaf area and head length. There was evidence that over-dominance played a part in the inheritance of extrusion. The genetic factors which controlled the expression of small leaf size showed dominance over those for large leaves and appeared to be distributed over all chromosomes. Increased extrusion and large flag-leaf area were both shown to be associated with high yield.

INHERITANCE OF PROTEIN CONTENT AND SEDIMENTATION VALUE IN DIALLEL CROSSES OF SPRING WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM)

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 967-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Hsu ◽  
F. W. Sosulski
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Diallel Crosses ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
High Measurement ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
Sedimentation Value

The inheritance of flour protein content and sedimentation value was investigated in diallel crosses among four hard red spring wheat varieties. Variances for the space-planted parental and F2 populations were relatively high. Broad sense heritability values for each trait averaged 55% in the six crosses. Use of purified lines as parents in a 3-selection diallel did not alter the heritability of protein content but the estimates for sedimentation value were substantially improved.Phenotypic correlations in the F2 populations indicated the two quality traits had no consistent relationship, positive or negative depending on the cross. The negative association of protein content with grain yield was significant in nearly all crosses.The diallel cross analysis showed that each quality factor was controlled primarily by intragenic allele systems. Sedimentation value showed partial dominance, with dominant genes contributing to high measurement. Over-dominance in slight magnitude was indicated for protein content, with both dominant and recessive genes contributing to the high expression of this character.

THE GENETICS OF YIELD IN SPRING WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Wheat Cultivars

A diallel cross among eight spring wheat cultivars examined the inheritance of yield, its components, certain developmental stages and morphological characters above the flag leaf node. Additive genetic variance was important for all the characters studied. For yield, kernels per ear, ear volume and for the developmental stages considered dominance was also present. Results presented here agreed with the main conclusions drawn in four other diallels crosses which were reported previously.

scholarly journals Variation on agro-morphological traits in Nepalese foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L) P Beauv)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
RB Amgai ◽  
S Pantha ◽  
TB Chhetri ◽  
SK Budhathoki ◽  
SP Khatiwada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Setaria Italica ◽  
Yield Enhancement ◽  
Peduncle Length ◽  
Flag Leaf Length

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L) P Beauv) falls on the category of underutilized crops in Nepal and mainly cultivated in Karnali region of the country. It is hardy crop and considered as one of the potential crops for future food security with respect to climate change. Five accessions of Nepalese foxtail millet were purposefully selected for evaluation of the agro-morphological characteristics. Foxtail landraces from Dolpa, Mugu, Bajura, Bajhang and Lamjung districts of Nepal were evaluated at Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal during 2010. The plot size was 1m2 and there were five samples. Days to heading and days to maturity varied from 33-56 and 59 to 87 days after germination respectively. Similarly, flag leaf length/breadth ratio, flag leaf sheath length, ligule length, peduncle length, peduncle exertion and plant height varied from 3.84-10.90, 5.47-9.84 cm, 0.1-0.2 mm, 10-22.57 cm, 2.7-13.58 cm and 41.67-120 cm, respectively. Fruit and apiculus color varied from straw to black. All accessions were actively growing with very slight lodging. Similarly, the thousand grain weight varies from 1.064 g to 2.172 g. This variation is useful in foxtail millet breeding program. Similarly, the significant correlation between thousand kernel weight and total basal tiller (r=-0.975) showed that foxtail millet lines with low tillering ability is better for yield enhancement. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v2i0.7528 Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) Vol. 2: 2011 pp.133-138

scholarly journals Investigations on the Genetics of Resistance to Root-knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) in Tobacco (Nicotianatabacum)

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
R Honarnejad ◽  
M ShoaiDeylami
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Additive Variance ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Reciprocal Differences ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe analysis of a full diallel cross of ten tobacco varieties showed that genetic control of resistance to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) in tobacco was governed by partial dominance. When measuring the overall genetic variance, the portion of additive variance was found to be very substantial. This property may well be inherited by progenies and with a high degree of heritability (0.60-0.63). Partitioning the total sums of squares of the genotypes into the sum of squares for general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) of parents and hybrids points to additive and non-additive gene activities in generating resistance to root-knot nematodes in tobacco. Because of significant reciprocal differences, the maternal cytoplasm plays an important role in the inheritance of resistance to root-knot nematodes. The proportion of additive and heritable variance was significant and to such an extent (60 %) that a selection for resistant lines might be a promising project. Since some varieties show a high GCA for resistance, they could be regarded as donors for resistance for progenies. In addition, the significantly high SCA and resistance of several hybrids would suggest successful selection of lines with resistance to root-knot nematodes in tobacco.

scholarly journals Septoria nodorum blotch of wheat

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucky Mehra ◽  
Urmila Adhikari ◽  
Christina Cowger ◽  
Peter S Ojiambo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Susceptibility Gene ◽  
Gene Interaction ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Septoria Nodorum ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Septoria Nodorum Blotch

Septoria nodorum blotch occurs in wheat-growing areas worldwide, but the disease is more prevalent in areas with warm and moist weather, such as the southeastern United States, parts of Europe, southern Brazil, and Australia. The disease affects both the quantity and quality of yield, and the pathogen is capable of affecting wheat at both seedling and adult stages. Historically, losses up to 50% have been reported, in addition to lower grain quality, although in the U.S., lower levels of loss are typical. The yield losses are highest when flag leaf, F-1 (leaf below flag leaf), and F-2 (leaf below F-1) are infected. The disease is known to reduce thousand-kernel-weight, a yield parameter. The fungus undergoes regular cycles of sexual recombination due to the availability of both mating types, and creates genetic variation in its population, thus enhancing its potential to overcome control measures. The pathosystem is also a model system for necrotrophic plant pathogens. So far, nine necrotrophic effectors and host susceptibility gene interaction have been identified, which have the potential to be used in marker assisted selection for breeding resistant wheat varieties.

scholarly journals Combining ability study in waterlogged tolerant maize (Zea mays L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
MN Amin ◽  
M Amiruzzaman ◽  
A Ahmed ◽  
MR Ali
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Hybrid Variety ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Kernel Yield

Combining ability was studied for kernel yield and yield components in a 8×8 diallel cross of waterlogged tolerant maize. Significant general and specific combining ability variances were observed for all the characters studied. Additive genetic variance was preponderant in plant height, ear height, ear length, ear diameter, and kernel weight and non-additive gene action was involved in days to silking, number of kernels per ear and kernel yield. The parental lines E-31 and E-79 were found to be the best general combiners for yield. The good combining parents for different traits could be used in hybridization to improve yield and other desirable traits as donor parents for the accumulation of favourable genes. The cross combinations, E 31× E 40, E 31× E 64, E 31× E 79, E 38× E 40, E 58× E 79, E 63× E 79, E 64 × E 79 showing significant and positive sca effects can be used for commercial hybrid variety development after verifying them at different locations. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i2.20430 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(2): 283-291, June 2014

scholarly journals Inheritance Pattern of Earliness and Yield Related-Traits in Spring Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
A. Elakhdar ◽  
T. Kumamaru ◽  
M. Abd El-Aty ◽  
Kh. Amer ◽  
I. Eldegwy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Additive Variance ◽  
Grain Filling Rate

To understand the genetic patterns of the physio-morphological traits for barley grain yield, six-generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1, and BC2) were used to determine the type of gene action in the four barley crosses. Grain yield showed a strong positive association (r = 0.83 and 1) with Grain Filling Rate in Giza121/RIL1 and Giza126/RIL2 crosses, respectively. The relationship between yield and earliness was not consistent with crosses and positive (r) values were quite low. It should be possible to select early-maturing and high-yielding segregates with high 100- kernel weight. The results indicated that the dominance effect [dd] was more important and greater than the additive effect [aa] and [ad] for most traits. Positive heterosis over the mid- and better- parent was quite similar for the most traits, except for heading and maturity dates, that showed negative heterotic effects. The inbreeding depression was high significant and positive for Grain Filling Rate, chlorophyll contents, Flag Leaf area and 100- kernel weight. On the other hand, it was a negatively significant for the earliness trait (HD, MD, and GFP). The lack of uniformity for estimates of inbreeding depression can be explained by environmental variation and to its influence on the type of gene action. Narrow-sense heritability ranged from 13.3% for Grain Filling Period in Giza12/RIL1 to 66.6% for heading dates in Giza121/RIL2 crosses. Genetic advance estimates were low due to lack of additive variance. The crosses Giza121/RIL1 and Giza126/RIL2 would be of interest in a breeding program, for improving characteristics of earliness, yield, and its components.

scholarly journals Septoria nodorum blotch of wheat

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucky Mehra ◽  
Urmila Adhikari ◽  
Christina Cowger ◽  
Peter S Ojiambo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Susceptibility Gene ◽  
Gene Interaction ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Septoria Nodorum ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Septoria Nodorum Blotch

Septoria nodorum blotch occurs in wheat-growing areas worldwide, but the disease is more prevalent in areas with warm and moist weather, such as the southeastern United States, parts of Europe, southern Brazil, and Australia. The disease affects both the quantity and quality of yield, and the pathogen is capable of affecting wheat at both seedling and adult stages. Historically, losses up to 50% have been reported, in addition to lower grain quality, although in the U.S., lower levels of loss are typical. The yield losses are highest when flag leaf, F-1 (leaf below flag leaf), and F-2 (leaf below F-1) are infected. The disease is known to reduce thousand-kernel-weight, a yield parameter. The fungus undergoes regular cycles of sexual recombination due to the availability of both mating types, and creates genetic variation in its population, thus enhancing its potential to overcome control measures. The pathosystem is also a model system for necrotrophic plant pathogens. So far, nine necrotrophic effectors and host susceptibility gene interaction have been identified, which have the potential to be used in marker assisted selection for breeding resistant wheat varieties.

scholarly journals Comparison of water relations and drought related flag leaf traits in hexaploid spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 234-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.M. Bhutta ◽  
M. Ibrahim ◽  
Tahira
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Leaf Venation ◽  
Stress Environments

Six wheat varieties/lines and six derived F<sub>2</sub>hybrids were studied to ascertain and compare heritability and genetic advance for flag leaf osmotic pressure, flag leaf water potential, flag leaf venation, flag leaf area and flag leaf thickness. Most of these characters had high heritabilities and expected a genetic advance. Prospects of a genetic improvement for all the characters studied are evident. The most promising cross combinations are PASBAN-90 &times; SARC-5 and SH-2002 &times; SARC-5. These traits therefore deserve a better attention in future breeding projects for evolving better wheat for stress environments.

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