scholarly journals Inheritance Pattern of Earliness and Yield Related-Traits in Spring Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
A. Elakhdar ◽  
T. Kumamaru ◽  
M. Abd El-Aty ◽  
Kh. Amer ◽  
I. Eldegwy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Additive Variance ◽  
Grain Filling Rate

To understand the genetic patterns of the physio-morphological traits for barley grain yield, six-generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1, and BC2) were used to determine the type of gene action in the four barley crosses. Grain yield showed a strong positive association (r = 0.83 and 1) with Grain Filling Rate in Giza121/RIL1 and Giza126/RIL2 crosses, respectively. The relationship between yield and earliness was not consistent with crosses and positive (r) values were quite low. It should be possible to select early-maturing and high-yielding segregates with high 100- kernel weight. The results indicated that the dominance effect [dd] was more important and greater than the additive effect [aa] and [ad] for most traits. Positive heterosis over the mid- and better- parent was quite similar for the most traits, except for heading and maturity dates, that showed negative heterotic effects. The inbreeding depression was high significant and positive for Grain Filling Rate, chlorophyll contents, Flag Leaf area and 100- kernel weight. On the other hand, it was a negatively significant for the earliness trait (HD, MD, and GFP). The lack of uniformity for estimates of inbreeding depression can be explained by environmental variation and to its influence on the type of gene action. Narrow-sense heritability ranged from 13.3% for Grain Filling Period in Giza12/RIL1 to 66.6% for heading dates in Giza121/RIL2 crosses. Genetic advance estimates were low due to lack of additive variance. The crosses Giza121/RIL1 and Giza126/RIL2 would be of interest in a breeding program, for improving characteristics of earliness, yield, and its components.

scholarly journals Regulation of subsoiling tillage on the grain filling characteristics of maize varieties from different eras

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-qing Wang ◽  
Xiao-Fang Yu ◽  
Ju-Lin Gao ◽  
Da-Ling Ma ◽  
Liang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Grain Filling Duration ◽  
Filling Characteristics

AbstractGrain filling is the key stage for achieving high grain yield. Subsoiling tillage, as an effective conservation tillage, has been widely used in the maize planting region of China. This study was conducted to explore the effects of subsoiling on the grain filling characteristics of maize varieties of different eras. Five typical maize varieties from different eras (1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s and 2010s) were used as experimental materials with two tillage modalities (rotation tillage and subsoiling tillage). The characteristic parameters (Tmax: the time when the maximum grouting rate was reached, Wmax: the grain weight at the maximum filling rate, Rmax: the maximum grouting rate, P: the active grouting stage, Gmean: the average grouting rate; A: the ultimate growth mass) and rate parameters (T1: the grain filling duration of the gradually increasing stage, V1: the average grain filling rate of the gradually increasing stage, T2: he grain filling duration of the rapidly increasing stage, V2: the average grain filling rate of the rapidly increasing stage, T3: the grain filling duration of the slowly increasing stage, V3: the average grain filling rate of the slowly increasing stage) of grain filling of two tillage modalities were analyzed and compared. The results showed that the filling parameters closely correlated with the 100-kernel weight were significantly different among varieties from different eras, and the grain filling parameters of the 2010s variety were better than those of the other varieties, the P and Tmax prolonged by 4.06–19.25%, 5.88–27.53% respectively, the Rmax and Gmean improved by 5.68–14.81%, 4.76–12.82% and the Wmax increased by 10.14–32.58%. Moreover, the 2010s variety helped the V2 and V3 increase by 6.49–13.89%, 4.55–15.00%. In compared with rotation tillage, the grain yield of maize varieties from different eras increased by 4.28–7.15% under the subsoiling condition, while the 100-kernel weight increased by 3.53–5.06%. Under the same contrast conditions, subsoiling improved the Rmax, Wmax and Gmean by 1.23–4.86%, 4.01–5.96%, 0.25–2.50% respectively, delayed the Tmax by 4.04–5.80% and extended the P by 1.19–4.03%. These differences were major reasons for the significant increases in 100-kernel dry weight under the subsoiling condition. Moreover, subsoiling enhanced the V2 and V3 by 0.70–4.29%, 0.00–2.44%. The duration of each filling stage and filling rate of maize varieties from different eras showed different responses to subsoiling. Under the subsoiling condition, the average filling rate of the 1970–2010s varieties were improved by 1.18%, 0.34%, 0.57%, 1.57% and 2.69%. In the rapidly increasing period, the grain filling rate parameters of the 2010s variety were more sensitive to subsoiling than those of the other varieties. The rapidly increasing and slowly increasing period are the key period of grain filling. Since the 2010s variety and subsoiling all improve the grain filling rate parameters of two periods, we suggest that should select the variety with higher grain filling rate in the rapidly increasing and slowly increasing period, and combine subsoiling measures to improve the grain filling characteristic parameters of maize in production, so as to achieve the purpose of increasing 100 grain weight and yield.

scholarly journals Heritability and mode of gene action determination for grain filling rate and relative water content in hexaploid wheat

Genetika ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Golparvar
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Relative Water

Mode of gene action, heritability and determination of the effective breeding strategy for improvement of physiological and traits specifically in drought stress conditions is very important. Therefore, this study was conducted by using two drought susceptible and tolerant wheat cultivars. Cultivars Sakha8 (tolerant) and Pishtaz (susceptible) as parents along with F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 generations were sown in a randomized complete block design with three replications in drought stress conditions. Results of analysis of variance indicated significant difference between generations as well as degree of dominance revealed over-dominance for the both traits. Fitting simple additive-dominance model designated that this model was not able to account for changes of traits relative water content and mean of grain filling rate. It was revealed that m-d-h-i-j model for relative water content and m-d-h-i model for mean of grain filling rate are the best models. Estimation of heritability and mode of gene action indicated that selection for improvement of traits studied in stress condition and specifically in early generations have medium genetic gain. In conclusion, grain filling rate is better than relative water content as indirect selection criteria to improve plant grain yield in drought stress condition.

scholarly journals Exploiting Grain-Filling Rate and Effective Grain-Filling Duration to Improve Grain Yield of Early-Maturing Maize

Crop Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 2295-2303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmore Gasura ◽  
Peter Setimela ◽  
Richard Edema ◽  
Paul T. Gibson ◽  
Patrick Okori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Grain Filling Duration

scholarly journals Evaluation of Spring Wheat Genotypes (Triticum Aestivum L.) for Heat Stress Tolerance Using Different Stress Tolerance Indices

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Khan ◽  
M.R. Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Heat Stress Tolerance ◽  
Late Sowing

Abstract Twenty five spring wheat genotypes were evaluated for terminal heat stress tolerance in field environments in the Agro Ecological Zone-11 of Bangladesh, during 2009-2010 cropping season. The experiments were conducted at Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, using randomized block design with three replicates under non-stress (optimum sowing) and stress (late sowing) conditions. Seven selection indices for stress tolerance including mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), tolerance (TOL), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI), stress tolerance index (STI) and stress susceptibility index (SSI) were calculated based on grain yield of wheat under optimum and late sowing conditions. The results revealed significant variations due to genotypes for all characters in two sowing conditions. Principal component analysis revealed that the first PCA explained 0.64 of the variation with MP, GMP, YI and STI. Using MP, GMP, YI and STI, the genotypes G-05 and G-22 were found to be the best genotypes with relatively high yield and suitable for both optimum and late heat stressed conditions. The indices SSI, YSI and TOL could be useful parameters in discriminating the tolerant genotypes (G-12, G-13, and G-14) that might be recommended for heat stressed conditions. It is also concluded from the present studies that biomass, grain filling rate and spikes number m-2 are suitable for selecting the best genotypes under optimum and late sowing conditions because these parameters are highly correlated with MP, GMP, YI and STI. However, high ground cover with long pre heading stage and having high grain filling rate would made a genotype tolerant to late heat to attain a high grain yield in wheat.

scholarly journals Improving Grain Yield via Promotion of Kernel Weight in High Yielding Winter Wheat Genotypes

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Cong Zhang ◽  
Bangyou Zheng ◽  
Yong He
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Leaf Photosynthesis ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

Improving plant net photosynthetic rates and accelerating water-soluble carbohydrate accumulation play an important role in increasing the carbon sources for yield formation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Understanding and quantify the contribution of these traits to grain yield can provide a pathway towards increasing the yield potential of wheat. The objective of this study was to identify kernel weight gap for improving grain yield in 15 winter wheat genotypes grown in Shandong Province, China. A cluster analysis was conducted to classify the 15 wheat genotypes into high yielding (HY) and low yielding (LY) groups based on their performance in grain yield, harvest index, photosynthetic rate, kernels per square meter, and spikes per square meter from two years of field testing. While the grain yield was significantly higher in the HY group, its thousand kernel weight (TKW) was 8.8% lower than that of the LY group (p < 0.05). A structural equation model revealed that 83% of the total variation in grain yield for the HY group could be mainly explained by TKW, the flag leaf photosynthesis rate at the grain filling stage (Pn75), and flag leaf water-soluble carbohydrate content (WSC) at grain filling stage. Their effect values on yield were 0.579, 0.759, and 0.444, respectively. Our results suggest that increase of flag leaf photosynthesis and WSC could improve the TKW, and thus benefit for developing high yielding wheat cultivars.

scholarly journals Cell membrane stability- an important criterion for selection of heat tolerant genotypes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1894-1900
Author(s):  
Anzer Ul Islam ◽  
Ashok K. Chhabra ◽  
Satyaveer S. Dhanda ◽  
Renu Munjal
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Membrane Stability ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Cell Membrane Stability ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Heat Tolerant

Cell membrane stability, grain filling rate, grain filling duration, canopy temperature and grain yield were used to evaluate performance of 100 diverse bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under timely sown and late sown heat stress conditions for two cropping season. The genotypes differed significantly for all the traits show-ing considerable variation for improvement of characters. The genotypes WH1165 had significant high grain yield (14.6* g and 11.4g) and (11.3* g and 11.4* g) followed by cell membrane stability under timely sown and heat stress conditions, respectively indicating potential tolerance against heat stress. Correlation coefficients revealed that cell membrane stability (0.451**) and (0.639**) in timely sown and in late sown conditions, respectively were the most important trait followed by grain filling rate (0.882** and 0.744**) under timely sown and late sown conditions respec-tively. Results revealed that bread wheat genotypes which had high value of cell membrane stability had high grain yield showed potential photorespiration and high grain filling rate under heat stress condition. Twenty two genotypes WH1021, WH1155, VL803, WH787, NW1014, Raj3765, HD1869, 2042, WH1124, HD2285, WH1133, HUW234, 4066, Sonak, UP2425, UP2473, PBW503, PBW373, PBW533, SGP13, HD2643 and WH789 were identified as heat tolerant genotypes based on their relative performance in yield components, grain yield and heat susceptibility indi-ces. These genotypes were found to be ideal candidates to be used in developing heat tolerant wheat varieties. Canopy temperature, membrane thermostability and grain filling rate have also shown strong correlation with grain yield. Because of this association, these traits constitute the best available ‘tool’ for genetic improvement of wheat suitable for cultivation under heat stressed environments. Thus, these could be used as indirect selection criteria for developing heat tolerant wheat genotypes that would provide sufficient yields to meet the ever increasing wheat demand.

scholarly journals Synthetic nitrogen coupled with seaweed extract and microbial inoculants improves rice (Oryza sativa L.) production under a dual cropping system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huimin Xie ◽  
Ke Wu ◽  
Anas Iqbal ◽  
Izhar Ali ◽  
Liang He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Microbial Inoculants ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Yield And Yield Components

The over-reliance on synthetic nitrogen (N) in current farming is a major concern because of its adverse effects on soil quality, the environment, and crop production. Organic fertilizers such as seaweed extract (SE) and microbial inoculants (MI) provide alternatives to chemical fertilizers that could decrease the amount of synthetic N needing to be applied and improve crop growth productivity. This study evaluated the combined effect of SE and MI with reduced N rates on the growth, biomass accumulation, yield, and yield components of an N-efficient rice cultivar (Baixiang 139-A) and N-inefficient rice cultivar (Guiyu 9-B). Field experiments were conducted in the early and late growing seasons at different sites in Guangxi province, China, in 2019. A total of five treatments, such as T1: N 180 + SE 0 + MI 0 (kg ha-1) (control); T2: N 180 + SE 3 + MI 3 (kg ha -1); T3: N 144 + SE 3 + MI 3 (kg ha-1); T4: N 126 + SE 3 + MI 3 (kg ha-1); and T5: N 108 + SE 3 + MI 3 (kg ha-1) were used. The leaf area index (LAI), effective panicle number, grain per spike, grain filling rate, and 1000-grain weight were significantly increased in T2 and T3 compared with the control. T2and T3 enhanced the biomass accumulation and grain yield of rice compared with the control. Furthermore, differences in the growth, yield, and yield components among the different cultivars were significant; however, there were no significant differences among the different locations. T3 increased the LAI, grain filling rate, biomass accumulation, and grain yield of rice by 4.5%, 5.9%, 6.6%, and 5.2%, respectively, compared with the control. Improvements in grain yield were mainly attributed to the enhanced growth and yield components. The correlation analysis also confirmed that LAI, productive tillers, grain filling rate, and biomass accumulation were positively correlated with grain yield. In sum, T3 (N144 + SE 3 + MI 3 (kg ha-1)) could achieve higher grain yield despite a reduction in the usage of chemical N. Generally, this study provides a sustainable nutrient management plan that increases crop production while minimizing costs of chemical N fertilizer application.

Awnedness affects grain yield and kernel weight in near-isogenic lines of durum wheat

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosella Motzo ◽  
Francesco Giunta
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Severe Drought

The importance of awns in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) has to be evaluated whenever an increase in grain yield is expected due to a greater photosynthetic capacity of the awned ear. Awned and awnless isolines of durum wheat were compared in a 3-year field trial in Sardinia (Italy). Ear and flag-leaf size, radiation interception, canopy temperature, yield, and yield components were measured.Awns increased the ear surface area from 36 to 59%, depending on their length, which ranged from 5.5 to 13.8 cm. This resulted in an average 4% more radiation intercepted by the awned ears. Canopy temperature was 0.9�C lower, on average, in the awned isolines, and was negatively correlated with kernel weight (r = –0.85**, n = 10), although consistent and marked effects of awns on canopy temperature were only observed in the long-awned lines. Awns positively affected grain yield, with an average increase of 10 and 16%, respectively, in the 2 years in which they affected kernel weight. The irrelevant effect of awns on yield in the year characterised by a severe drought was a consequence of their early desiccation.The effects of awns on grain yield and kernel weight strongly depend on the genetic background, on awn length and functionality, and on the environmental conditions during grain filling.

scholarly journals Effects of Gibberellin (GA4+7) in Grain Filling, Hormonal Behavior, and Antioxidants in High-Density Maize (Zea mays L.)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 978
Author(s):  
Wenwen Cui ◽  
Quanhao Song ◽  
Bingyun Zuo ◽  
Qingfang Han ◽  
Zhikuan Jia
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Regulatory Effects

Dense plant cultivation is an efficient approach to improve maize production by maximizing the utilization of energy and nutrients. However, dense plant populations may aggravate the abortion rate of young grains, resulting in fewer kernels per ear. The rate and duration of grain-filling play decisive roles in maize grain yield. Therefore, to increase plant density, enhancing the grain-filling rate, extending the growth period of individual maize plants and regulating crop senescence would be the first priority. In this study, we examined the regulatory effects of GA4+7 under two application methods: shanks and silks were moistened by cotton full with GA4+7 solution at concentrations of 0, 10, 60, and 120 mg L−1. The results showed that GA4+7 improved the grain-filling rate by increasing the content of auxin, gibberellin, zeatin, and abscisic acid in grains compared to control plants. In addition, the auxin, gibberellin, and zeatin contents in the grains were positively and significantly correlated with the maximum grain weight and the maximum and mean grain-filling rates. Moreover, GA4+7 increased the activities of superoxide dismutases, catalases, and peroxidases and reduced the malondialdehyde content in leaves compared with untreated plants. At the concentration of 60 mg L−1, GA4+7 showed the greatest effect on shank and silk applications (Sh-60 and Si-60) followed by 10 mg L−1 (Sh-10) for shank treatment and 120 mg L−1 (Si-120) for silk treatment. Our results suggest that a concentration of 60 mg L−1 GA4+7 for shank and silk application may be efficiently used for changing the level of hormones in grains and antioxidant enzymes in ear leaves, which may be useful for enhancing grain-filling rate and delaying leaf senescence, resulting in an increase in maize grain yield.

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