INHERITANCE OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS ASSOCIATED WITH YIELD IN SPRING WHEAT

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Head Length ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Partial Dominance

Records from seven spring wheats in a diallel cross showed that flag-leaf lamina area, extrusion of the head from the leaf sheath, head length and yield were all controlled by minor genes. Additive gene action and general combining ability were shown to be important genetic factors for all characters studied. Partial dominance was present for yield, flag-leaf area and head length. There was evidence that over-dominance played a part in the inheritance of extrusion. The genetic factors which controlled the expression of small leaf size showed dominance over those for large leaves and appeared to be distributed over all chromosomes. Increased extrusion and large flag-leaf area were both shown to be associated with high yield.

THE QUANTITATIVE INHERITANCE IN SPRING WHEAT OF MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURES ABOVE THE FLAG LEAF NODE

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 738-742
Author(s):  
P. Hsu ◽  
P. D. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Leaf Node ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Additive Variance ◽  
Partial Dominance

A diallel cross between five spring wheat varieties showed that structures above the flag leaf node which contributed to the overall photosynthetic area of this region were highly heritable. For most of the characters studied additive genetic variance was significant while non-additive variance was not. The number of ears per plant and the yield per plant showed full dominance, while for the 1,000-kernel weight overdominance was present. Partial dominance was significant for peduncle length, the extrusion of the head from the leaf sheath and for the ear length.

DIALLEL ANALYSIS OF LEAF CHARACTERISTICS IN INDIAN MUSTARD

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-689
Author(s):  
Shree Pal Singh ◽  
Dharampal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Complete Diallel Cross ◽  
Additive Gene

A complete diallel cross involving four experimental strains and six standard cultivars of Indian mustard. Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. and Coss., was investigated for the inheritance of leaf length and leaf width. Considerable heterosis and heterobeltiosis were found in certain hybrid combinations for both characters. Several crosses exceeded the performance of the best cultivar. Partial dominance for leaf length and overdominance for leaf width were observed. Highly significant additive gene effects were found for both characters bur only about one third of the total variance exhibited by leaf length and about one sixth of that by leaf width may be ascribed to this component. The correlation between the two characters was positive. It was concluded that breeding programs should put more emphasis on leaf length rather than leaf width for effective manipulations of leaf size.

QUANTITATIVE GENETIC NATURE OF VEGETATIVE GROWTH IN ALFALFA

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Singh ◽  
K. Lesins
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Diallel Crossing ◽  
Nonallelic Interactions

Seven selected clones of cultivated alfalfa, superior in forage yield, were used in the complete diallel crossing system. The crosses were made after complete emasculation of the flowers and the progenies, single planted in the field, were studied for vegetative growth at various stages for 3 years. The data was subjected to Griffing's (1956) method of diallel cross analysis and it was noted that though the general and specific combining ability variances for all these traits were significant, the genetic factors responsible for the specific combining ability, namely allelic and nonallelic interactions, were more prominent. This could be due to the fact that the material was subjected to several selection cycles for high yield. Similar conclusions were also derived from the heritability studies for growth during the year of establishment (1968), growth in spring and fall, and total vegetative yield in 1969 and 1970. In the light of the above genetic estimates, it may be proposed that additional gain in vegetative growth might be obtained by using these clones in the hybrid combinations.

scholarly journals Strategies to improve photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency with no yield penalty: lessons from late-sown winter wheat

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijun Yin ◽  
Haicheng Xu ◽  
Shuxin Dong ◽  
Jinpeng Chu ◽  
Xinglong Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Photosynthetic Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Use Efficiency

HighlightOptimal N allocation at several integration levels accounts for improved canopy PNUE while maintaining high grain yield in winter wheatAbstractImproving canopy photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency (PNUE) may maintain or even increase yield with reduced N input. In this study, later-sown winter wheat was studied to reveal the mechanism underlying improved canopy PNUE while maintaining high yield. N allocation at several levels was optimised in late-sown wheat plants. N content per plant increased. Increased N was allocated to the flag leaf and second leaf, and to ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) in upper leaves. Constant or reduced N was allocated to leaf 3, leaf 4, and Rubisco in lower leaves. The specific green leaf area nitrogen (SLN) of upper leaves increased, while that of lower leaves remained unchanged or decreased. N allocation to the cell wall decreased in all leaves. As a result, the maximum carboxylation rate of upper leaves increased, and that of lower leaves remained constant or decreased. CO2 diffusion capacity was enhanced in all leaves. Outperformance by light-saturated net photosynthetic rate (Pmax) over SLN led to improved PNUE in upper leaves. Enhanced Pmax coupled with unchanged or decreased SLN resulted in improved PNUE in lower leaves. High yield was maintained because enhanced photosynthetic capacity at the leaf and whole plant levels compensated for reduced canopy leaf area.

Correlation analysis of yields and related physiological variables in twelve generations of durum wheat

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
S. Sharma ◽  
Y. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
The Cross

The experimental material comprised three crosses, namely Cocorit 71 × A-9-30-1, HI 8062 × JNK-4W-128 and Raj 911 × DWL 5002, generated from six diverse parents. Twelve populations of each of these three crosses revealed that sufficient genetic variation was recorded among generations for all the traits in three crosses. The results of a correlation study demonstrated that the grain yield per plant was significantly and positively associated with peduncle area and flag leaf area in the cross Cocorit 71 × A-9-30-1. However, the spike area had poor correlation with grain yield. In the cross HI 8062 × JNK-4W-128, grain yield per plant was positively associated with peduncle area and spike area, whereas flag leaf area showed a positive but weak association with grain yield. In the cross Raj 911 × DWL 5002, grain yield per plant was positively associated with all three physiological traits studied, indicating that improvement in grain yield may be made by these traits in this material. Peduncle area appeared to be the most important trait in the present study because of its association with grain yield in all three crosses. Although flag leaf area and spike area showed a positive association with grain yield in all three crosses, their relative magnitudes and significance changed from one cross to the other. Correlation studies revealed that selection for peduncle area would lead to high yield in durum wheat. However, due consideration should also be given to flag leaf area and spike area during the selection of plants for further tangible advances in grain yield in durum owing to their positive association with grain yield.

GENOTYPE × ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS IN SMOOTH BROMEGRASS. II. MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS AND THEIR ASSOCIATIONS WITH FORAGE YIELD

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wai-Koon Tan ◽  
Geok-Yong Tan ◽  
P. D. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Tiller Density

The parents and progenies of a 7 × 7 diallel cross of smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) were evaluated for the genetic variability of some morphological characters and their associations with yield, at four locations in Alberta in 1976 and 1977. Locations, years and their interactions were highly significant for all characters and were subsequently treated as eight environments. The partition of the genotypic variance into general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) showed that for all morphological characters, GCA was more important than SCA, indicating the importance of additive genetic effects. The genotype × environment (GE) interactions were highly significant. Variation accounted for by GCA was generally higher than the interaction effects of GCA and SCA with environments. Phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficients revealed that both tiller density and height were significantly correlated with yields. Path coefficient analysis also showed that tiller density, followed by leaf area and tiller dry weight, exerted the greatest direct influence on yield. Selection for large leaf area and more and heavier tillers per unit area would simultaneously increase bromegrass productivity. Furthermore, selection should be based on multi-year and multi-location tests.

Response of Droughted Wheat to Mid-Season Water Application: Recovery in Leaf Area and Its Effect on Grain Yield

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
PK Aggarwal ◽  
SK Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Sprinkler System ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Area Index

Three varieties of wheat contrasting in drought resistance were sown in the field at two levels of soil moisture and water was applied on three occasions by the cumulative application of 75 mm or less water with a line-source sprinkler system. Application of water resulted in recovery of mean maximum leaf area index (LAI) from 0.5 to 3.0. Variety C306, known for its drought resistance, maintained maximum LAI around anthesis relative to other varieties. Since LAI was directly related to grain yield irrespective of the variety, we conclude that maintenance of high LAI at anthesis is desirable for obtain- ing high yield in stressed plants. Mid-season water application resulted in the recovery of flag leaf area (FLA) of the main shoot and the first tiller in all the varieties. However, only in C306 did FLA equal that of its irrigated control. The recovery of FLA resulted in a proportionately greater increase in the grain yield of the main shoot. By comparison, in the first tiller, increase in grain yield was much lower though its flag leaf area had considerably recovered. Grain yields of varieties did not differ in two drought situations - where all water was available at sowing or where 56% of the total water was available before sowing and the rest was supplied during vegetative growth. Among the varieties, only C306 showed a significant (30%) improvement in grain yield in the latter situation compared to the former.

scholarly journals Mode of inheritance of head height and head width in cabbage - Brassica oleracea var. Capitata L.

Genetika ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janko Cervenski ◽  
Djuro Gvozdenovic ◽  
Mirjana Vasic ◽  
Dusanka Bugarski ◽  
Jelica Gvozdanovic-Varga
Keyword(s):  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Head Shape ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Head Height ◽  
Mode Of Inheritance

A diallel cross (including reciprocals), involving seven open-pollinated varieties having different head shape was made and 42 F1 hybrids were produced under greenhouse conditions and in the experimental field of Scientific Institute of field and vegetable crops in Novi Sad. The objective of this paper was to determine mean value, components of variability and mode of inheritance of two morphological characters of head shape, head width and head height. In our study superdominance occurred the most with head height (as many as 23 times) and the least with head width (16 times). The negative heterosis was not occurred in any combination as like as partial dominance of the poorer parent. The results showed significant divergence of the traits under study, which will also constitute an important source of variability for future cycles of selection in our Institute.

THE GENETICS OF YIELD IN SPRING WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Wheat Cultivars

A diallel cross among eight spring wheat cultivars examined the inheritance of yield, its components, certain developmental stages and morphological characters above the flag leaf node. Additive genetic variance was important for all the characters studied. For yield, kernels per ear, ear volume and for the developmental stages considered dominance was also present. Results presented here agreed with the main conclusions drawn in four other diallels crosses which were reported previously.

scholarly journals Distinctness of 110 rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties of Bangladesh through morphological traits

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
MS Rahman ◽  
MKH Sohag ◽  
L Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Seed Colour ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Nodal Root ◽  
Two Hybrid ◽  
Research Institute

A total of 110 rice varieties of which 108 local (From Bangladesh Rice Research Institute) and two hybrid varieties (From ACI Ltd. Bangladesh) were used to identify the morphological traits during July, 2008 to June, 2009. These varieties represented four types viz. T. Aman (n=92), B. Aman (n=15), Boro (n=2) and Jhum accession (n=1) as described by Bangladesh Rice Research Institute’s literature. Though all these materials were varied ecotypically but grown in one (T. Aman) season. Irrespective of groups of all, 90 varieties were appeared distinctly morphologically from others due to seed colour; stigma colour; anthocyanin colouration of leaf sheath, nodes and lemma:palea, presence of awn and nodal root. Among 90 distinct varieties 19 were distinctly different from others by four traits, nine by three traits, 24 by two traits and 38 varieties by only single trait. The rest 20 varieties were distinguished flag leaf: attitude of the leaf blade. This was done to assess the quality traits of distinctness as major concern and was noninfluenced by the environment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v12i1.21236 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(1): 29-36, June 2014

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