scholarly journals Origin and evolution of Andigena potatoes revealed by chloroplast and nuclear DNA markers

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 636-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thitaporn Sukhotu ◽  
Kazuyoshi Hosaka
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Multiple Origins

Andigena potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. andigena Hawkes) (2n = 4x = 48) are important, native-farmer-selected cultivars in the Andes, which form a primary gene pool for improving a worldwide grown potato (S. tuberosum subsp. tuberosum). To elucidate the origin of Andigena, 196 Andigena accessions were compared with 301 accessions of 33 closely related cultivated and wild species using several types of chloroplast DNA (ctDNA) markers and nuclear DNA (nDNA) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. Fourteen ctDNA types (haplotypes) and 115 RFLP bands were detected in Andigena, of which the main haplotypes and frequent RFLP bands were mostly shared with a cultivated diploid species, S. stenotomum Juz. et Buk. Principal component analysis of nDNA polymorphisms revealed a progressive and continuous variation from Peruvian wild species with C-type ctDNA to a group of wild species having S-type ctDNA in its variation range (S. bukasovii, S. canasense, S. candolleanum, and S. multidissectum), to cultivated diploid potatoes (S. phureja and S. stenotomum), and to cultivated tetraploid potatoes (Andigena and Chilean S. tuberosum subsp. tuberosum). These results suggest that the initial Andigena population arose with multiple origins exclusively from S. stenotomum. The overall evolutionary process toward the present-day Andigena was discussed.Key words: Andigena, chloroplast DNA, nuclear DNA RFLPs, origin, sexual tetraploidization.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of the Andean tetraploid cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. andigena Hawkes) evaluated by chloroplast and nuclear DNA markers

Genome ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thitaporn Sukhotu ◽  
Osamu Kamijima ◽  
Kazuyoshi Hosaka
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Long Distance

Andigena potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. andigena Hawkes) (2n = 4x = 48) are native farmer-selected important cultivars that form a primary gene pool of the common potato (Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. tuberosum). The genetic diversity of 185 Andigena accessions and 6 Chilean native potatoes (S. tuberosum subsp. tuberosum) was studied using chloroplast DNA (ctDNA) microsatellites and nuclear DNA (nDNA) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. Andigena potatoes had 14 ctDNA haplotypes and showed higher variability in the central Andes, particularly in Bolivia, whereas those in the northern regions of the distribution area were remarkably uniform with A1 ctDNA and Chilean subsp. tuberosum with T ctDNA. Most of 123 clearly scored RFLP bands using 30 single-copy probes were randomly distributed throughout the distribution area and proved the same gene pool shared among these widely collected accessions. Nevertheless, the geographic trend of the nDNA differentiation from north to south along the Andes and the correlated differentiation between nDNA and ctDNA (r = 0.120) could also be revealed by canonical variates analysis. These results suggest that the genetic diversity in Andigena was brought about primarily from cultivated diploid species but considerably modified through sexual polyploidization and intervarietal and (or) introgressive hybridization and long-distance dispersal of seed tubers by humans.Key words: Andigena, chloroplast DNA, nuclear DNA, RFLP, geographic trend, diversity.

Chloroplast DNA diversity reveals the contribution of two wild species to the origin and evolution of diploid safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

Genome ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 638-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepmala Sehgal ◽  
Vijay Rani Rajpal ◽  
Soom Nath Raina
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Level ◽  
Dna Diversity ◽  
Chloroplast Genomes

The identity of the wild progenitor of one of the most important oil crop species, Carthamus tinctorius (2n = 2x = 24), commonly known as safflower, has been the subject of numerous studies at morphological, biochemical, cytogenetic, and biosystematic levels, but no definitive conclusions have been made. The nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast genomes of the two botanical varieties of C. tinctorius, C. tinctorius var. tinctorius and C. tinctorius var. inermis, and two wild species, C. palaestinus and C. oxyacantha , were assayed at the nucleotide sequence level and by DNA markers. The nuclear and mitochondrial DNA assays were not helpful in conclusively identifying the diploid ancestor of C. tinctorius. The chloroplast DNA diversity, on the other hand, unambiguously provided new and novel evidence that C. palaestinus and C. oxyacantha contributed their plastomes to the evolution of C. tinctorius var. inermis and C. tinctorius var. tinctorius, respectively. This study, therefore, affirms a startling revelation of a rare event of two wild species contributing to the origin and evolution of safflower, a major world oilseed crop about whose genetics very little is known.

scholarly journals Nuclear and chloroplast DNA differentiation in Andean potatoes

Genome ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thitaporn Sukhotu ◽  
Osamu Kamijima ◽  
Kazuyoshi Hosaka
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Dna Restriction ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Dna Microsatellite

Over 3500 accessions of Andean landraces have been known in potato, classified into 7 cultivated species ranging from 2x to 5x (Hawkes 1990). Chloroplast DNA (ctDNA), distinguished into T, W, C, S, and A types, showed extensive overlaps in their frequencies among cultivated species and between cultivated and putative ancestral wild species. In this study, 76 accessions of cultivated and 19 accessions of wild species were evaluated for ctDNA types and examined by ctDNA high-resolution markers (ctDNA microsatellites and H3 marker) and nuclear DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). ctDNA high-resolution markers identified 25 different ctDNA haplotypes. The S- and A-type ctDNAs were discriminated as unique haplotypes from 12 haplotypes having C-type ctDNA and T-type ctDNA from 10 haplotypes having W-type ctDNA. Differences among ctDNA types were strongly correlated with those of ctDNA high-resolution markers (r = 0.822). Differentiation between W-type ctDNA and C-, S-, and A-type ctDNAs was supported by nDNA RFLPs in most species except for those of recent or immediate hybrid origin. However, differentiation among C-, S-, and A-type ctDNAs was not clearly supported by nDNA RFLPs, suggesting that frequent genetic exchange occurred among them and (or) they shared the same gene pool owing to common ancestry.Key words: potato, chloroplast DNA, microsatellite markers, nuclear DNA RFLPs.

Comparative Analysis of Genetic and Morphological Variation within the Platanthera hyperborea Complex (Orchidaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 767-778
Author(s):  
Eranga Wettewa ◽  
Nick Bailey ◽  
Lisa E. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Founding Population ◽  
Multiple Origins ◽  
Geographic Structure ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
Cryptic Taxa

Abstract—Species complexes present considerable problems for a working taxonomy due to the presence of intraspecific variation, hybridization, polyploidy, and phenotypic plasticity. Understanding evolutionary patterns using molecular markers can allow for a more thorough assessment of evolutionary lineages than traditional morphological markers. In this study, we evaluated genetic diversity and phylogenetic patterns among taxa of the Platanthera hyperborea (Orchidaceae) complex, which includes diploid (Platanthera aquilonis) and polyploid (Platanthera hyperborea, P. huronensis, and P. convallariifolia) taxa spanning North America, Greenland, Iceland, and Asia. We found that three floral morphological characters overlap among the polyploid taxa, but the diploid species has smaller flowers. DNA sequence variation in a plastid (rpL16 intron) and a nuclear (ITS) marker indicated that at least three diploid species have contributed to the genomes of the polyploid taxa, suggesting all are of allopolyploid origin. Platanthera convallariifolia is most like P. dilatata and P. stricta, whereas P. huronensis and P. hyperborea appear to have originated from crosses of P. dilatata and P. aquilonis. Platanthera huronensis, which is found across North America, has multiple origins and reciprocal maternal parentage from the diploid species. By contrast, P. hyperborea, restricted to Greenland and Iceland, appears to have originated from a small founding population of hybrids in which P. dilatata was the maternal parent. Geographic structure was found among polyploid forms in North America. The area of Manitoba, Canada appears to be a contact zone among geographically diverse forms from eastern and western North America. Given the geographic and genetic variation found, we recommend continued recognition of four green-flowered species within this complex, but caution that there may be additional cryptic taxa within North America.

Flavor Profiles of Wild Species-Derived Peanut Breeding Lines

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Tallury ◽  
H. E. Pattee ◽  
T. G. Isleib ◽  
H. T. Stalker
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
Important Quality

Abstract Several diploid wild species of the genus Arachis L. have been used as sources of resistance to common diseases of cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Because flavor is among the most important quality attributes for commercial acceptance of roasted peanuts, sensory attributes of interspecific hybrid derived breeding lines were evaluated to determine if transfer of disease resistance from wild species is associated with concomitant changes in flavor. Sixteen interspecific hybrid derivatives with five diploid species in their ancestries and the commercial flavor standard, NC 7 were evaluated for sensory quality. Significant variation among entries was found for the roasted peanut, sweet, and bitter sensory attributes, but not for the overall contrast between NC 7 and the wild species-derived breeding lines. The variation was either between two groups of wild species-derived breeding lines or within one or both groups. Introduction of disease and pest resistance traits from Arachis species did not result in degradation or improvement of the flavor profile. This suggests that flavor of wild species-derived germplasm will not prevent its use either as parents in peanut breeding programs or as cultivars.

scholarly journals Evolutionary process of Hordeum brachyantherum 6x and related tetraploid species revealed by nuclear DNA sequences

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 611-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Komatsuda ◽  
Björn Salomon ◽  
Roland von Bothmer
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Tetraploid Species

scholarly journals Comparative phylogeography of oceanic archipelagos: Hotspots for inferences of evolutionary process

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (29) ◽  
pp. 7986-7993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry L. Shaw ◽  
Rosemary G. Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Comparative Phylogeography ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Species Radiation ◽  
Remote Island ◽  
Oceanic Archipelagos ◽  
Shed Light

Remote island archipelagos offer superb opportunities to study the evolution of community assembly because of their relatively young and simple communities where speciation contributes to the origin and evolution of community structure. There is great potential for common phylogeographic patterns among remote archipelagos that originate through hotspot volcanism, particularly when the islands formed are spatially isolated and linearly arranged. The progression rule is characterized by a phylogeographic concordance between island age and lineage age in a species radiation. Progression is most likely to arise when a species radiation begins on an older island before the emergence of younger islands of a hotspot archipelago. In the simplest form of progression, colonization of younger islands as they emerge and offer appropriate habitat, is coincident with cladogenesis. In this paper, we review recent discoveries of the progression rule on seven hotspot archipelagos. We then discuss advantages that progression offers to the study of community assembly, and insights that community dynamics may offer toward understanding the evolution of progression. We describe results from two compelling cases of progression where the mosaic genome may offer insights into contrasting demographic histories that shed light on mechanisms of speciation and progression on remote archipelagos.

Factors influencing gene introgression into the allotetraploid Coffea arabica L. from its diploid relatives

Genome ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1053-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C Herrera ◽  
Marie C Combes ◽  
Hernando Cortina ◽  
Philippe Lashermes
Keyword(s):  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Triploid Hybrid ◽  
Gene Introgression ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

Factors controlling gene introgression into cultivated arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) were investigated. Interspecific triploid hybrid plants between the tetraploid species C. arabica (2n = 44) and a diploid species (2n = 22), either Coffea canephora or Coffea eugenioides, were backcrossed to C. arabica (male parent). Flow cytometric analysis of the nuclear DNA content revealed that most of the BC1 individuals derived from triploid hybrids involving C. eugenioides were tetraploid or nearly tetraploid. Among the gametes produced by the interspecific triploid hybrids, those possessing approximately 22 chromosomes appeared strongly favored. The amount of introgression in BC1 individuals (21 and 43 for the BC1 progenies involving C. canephora and C. eugenioides, respectively) was estimated using species-specific microsatellite markers. A large number of introgressed markers was observed in all BC1 individuals. Nevertheless, while the frequency of introgressed markers seemed as expected, assuming random chromosome segregation and diploid gamete formation, in the BC1 derived from triploid hybrids involving C. canephora, this frequency appeared significantly lower in the BC1 derived from triploid hybrids involving C. eugenioides. Furthermore, the comparison of reciprocal progenies between C. arabica and triploid interspecific hybrids (C. arabica × C. canephora) used as male or female parent revealed a very strong effect of the backcross direction.Key words: irregular meiosis, coffee, reciprocal crosses, molecular marker, triploid hybrids.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document