scholarly journals Genetic diversity of the Andean tetraploid cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. andigena Hawkes) evaluated by chloroplast and nuclear DNA markers

Genome ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thitaporn Sukhotu ◽  
Osamu Kamijima ◽  
Kazuyoshi Hosaka
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Long Distance

Andigena potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. andigena Hawkes) (2n = 4x = 48) are native farmer-selected important cultivars that form a primary gene pool of the common potato (Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. tuberosum). The genetic diversity of 185 Andigena accessions and 6 Chilean native potatoes (S. tuberosum subsp. tuberosum) was studied using chloroplast DNA (ctDNA) microsatellites and nuclear DNA (nDNA) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. Andigena potatoes had 14 ctDNA haplotypes and showed higher variability in the central Andes, particularly in Bolivia, whereas those in the northern regions of the distribution area were remarkably uniform with A1 ctDNA and Chilean subsp. tuberosum with T ctDNA. Most of 123 clearly scored RFLP bands using 30 single-copy probes were randomly distributed throughout the distribution area and proved the same gene pool shared among these widely collected accessions. Nevertheless, the geographic trend of the nDNA differentiation from north to south along the Andes and the correlated differentiation between nDNA and ctDNA (r = 0.120) could also be revealed by canonical variates analysis. These results suggest that the genetic diversity in Andigena was brought about primarily from cultivated diploid species but considerably modified through sexual polyploidization and intervarietal and (or) introgressive hybridization and long-distance dispersal of seed tubers by humans.Key words: Andigena, chloroplast DNA, nuclear DNA, RFLP, geographic trend, diversity.

scholarly journals Origin and evolution of Andigena potatoes revealed by chloroplast and nuclear DNA markers

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 636-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thitaporn Sukhotu ◽  
Kazuyoshi Hosaka
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Multiple Origins

Andigena potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. andigena Hawkes) (2n = 4x = 48) are important, native-farmer-selected cultivars in the Andes, which form a primary gene pool for improving a worldwide grown potato (S. tuberosum subsp. tuberosum). To elucidate the origin of Andigena, 196 Andigena accessions were compared with 301 accessions of 33 closely related cultivated and wild species using several types of chloroplast DNA (ctDNA) markers and nuclear DNA (nDNA) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. Fourteen ctDNA types (haplotypes) and 115 RFLP bands were detected in Andigena, of which the main haplotypes and frequent RFLP bands were mostly shared with a cultivated diploid species, S. stenotomum Juz. et Buk. Principal component analysis of nDNA polymorphisms revealed a progressive and continuous variation from Peruvian wild species with C-type ctDNA to a group of wild species having S-type ctDNA in its variation range (S. bukasovii, S. canasense, S. candolleanum, and S. multidissectum), to cultivated diploid potatoes (S. phureja and S. stenotomum), and to cultivated tetraploid potatoes (Andigena and Chilean S. tuberosum subsp. tuberosum). These results suggest that the initial Andigena population arose with multiple origins exclusively from S. stenotomum. The overall evolutionary process toward the present-day Andigena was discussed.Key words: Andigena, chloroplast DNA, nuclear DNA RFLPs, origin, sexual tetraploidization.

Genetic diversity analysis of a potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) collection including Chiloé Island landraces and a large panel of worldwide cultivars

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Esnault ◽  
J. Solano ◽  
M. R. Perretant ◽  
M. Hervé ◽  
A. Label ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Potato Breeding ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Model Based Clustering ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Association Mapping Approach ◽  
Simple Sequence

In order to investigate further the interest of using the Chilean gene pool in potato breeding programmes, the genetic diversity and population structure of a collection of Solanum tuberosum L. genotypes including 350 worldwide varieties or breeders' lines (referred to as the modern group) and 30 Chiloé Island landraces were examined using simple sequence repeat markers. The close genetic proximity of the Chiloé Island landraces to the modern group was confirmed using several structure analysis methods: principal coordinate analysis; hierarchical clustering analysis; analysis of molecular variance; Bayesian model-based clustering analysis. The latter analysis, in particular, revealed no clear genetic structure between the modern group and the Chiloé Island landraces. The Chiloé Island germplasm appears to represent an interesting gene pool that could be exploited in potato breeding programmes using an association mapping approach.

RFLP diversity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in its centres of origin

Genome ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana L. Becerra Velasquez ◽  
Paul Gepts
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

Eighty-five wild and cultivated accessions of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), representing a wide geographic area in the centres of domestication were tested for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). Genomic DNA was digested with one of three restriction enzymes (EcoRI, EcoRV, and HindIII) and hybridized to 12 probes distributed throughout the common bean genome. Accessions could be classified into two major groups with a distinct geographical distribution in Middle America and the Andes. Within each gene pool, cultivated accessions clustered together with wild forms from the same geographical area supporting the multiple domestications hypothesis for this crop. Estimates of Nei's genetic distances among the cultivated races from the two different gene pools varied from 0.12 to 0.56 and among races from the same gene pool from 0.04 to 0.12, suggesting that the divergence in Phaseolus vulgaris has reached the subspecies level. The level of genetic diversity (Ht = 0.38) was twice the value obtained with isozyme analysis. Genetic diversity within races (Hs = 0.27) was four to five times higher compared with isozymes, but genetic diversity between races (Dst = 0.11) was similar for both categories of markers. These results corroborate previous studies on the characterization of genetic diversity in common bean that clearly showed two distinct gene pools, Middle American and Andean. Moreover, RFLP markers are superior to isozymes because they provide better coverage of the genome and reveal higher level of polymorphisms.Key words: common bean, restriction fragment length polymorphism, domestication, genetic diversity.

The genetic diversity of Asplenium viride (Aspleniaceae) fern colonizing heavy metal-polluted sites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Woch ◽  
Grzegorz ◽  
Iwona Jedrzejczyk ◽  
Marek Podsiedlik ◽  
Anna Stefanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
New Genotype ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract Heavy metals can affect the morphology, physiology and evolution of plants. Asplenium viride is a diploid species, belonging to the largest genus of the cosmopolitan fern family Aspleniaceae, and occurring on various types of alkaline rocks. It is known to colonize sites with high concentrations of heavy metals, exhibiting changes in frond morphology. Microevolutionary processes, manifesting as changes in genome size and new genotype formation, can ultimately lead to the formation of new subspecies and speciation. This study aimed to evaluate the morphological and genetic diversity of A. viride, and to test for a potential correlation between variability and heavy metal concentration. Analysis of A. viride specimens, from one metalliferous site and five non-metalliferous localities, showed no apparent variation in genome size between plants from affected and non-affected sites. There was no significant correlation between genetic variability and heavy metal concentration. This was possibly due to intragametophytic selfing, caused by patchy habitats and subsequent founder effects, resulting from long-distance colonization by single spores.

Genetic Diversity and Core Collection for Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivars from Cameroon as Revealed by SSR Markers

2017 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariette Anoumaa ◽  
Nasser Kouadio Yao ◽  
Eric Bertrand Kouam ◽  
Gabriel Kanmegne ◽  
Eunice Machuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L

scholarly journals Molecular marker analysis of 24- and 25-chromosome plants obtained from Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. andigena (2n = 4x = 48) pollinated with a Solanum phureja haploid inducer

Genome ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Samitsu ◽  
K Hosaka
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Solanum Phureja ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Haploid Induction ◽  
Haploid Inducer ◽  
Rflp Rapd ◽  
Molecular Marker Analysis ◽  
Almost All

Clones with 24 or 25 chromosomes were obtained by pollinating an Andean cultivated tetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena clone 94H94, 2n = 4x = 48) with the Solanum phureja haploid-inducer clone 1.22. Their genetic composition was analyzed in an RAPD assay using 135 decamer primers and in an RFLP assay using 45 single-copy DNA probes. In total, 22 RAPD and 20 RFLP markers were found to be specific to S. phureja. None of these markers were found in the 24- and 25-chromosome clones. RFLP genotypes for the 45 RFLP loci were further determined for each clone. Genotypes of the 24-chromosome clones were characterized using two alleles randomly selected from four alleles of the parental tetraploid clone for almost all RFLP loci. Five 25-chromosome clones had extra alleles for all of the RFLP loci of chromosomes 4, 8, 10, 11, and 12, respectively, suggesting primary trisomy for one of these chromosomes. Clones with genotypes showing double reduction were also identified. Therefore, the obtained clones likely originated from random samples of female gametes, and hence are euhaploids or aneuhaploids of S. tuberosum subsp. andigena, strongly supporting parthenogenesis to be a primary mechanism for haploid induction in potato.Key words: Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena, RFLP, RAPD, haploid, trisomic.

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