scholarly journals Estimating physiological cost of chemical exposure: integrating energetics and stress to quantify toxic effects in fish

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 814-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel W Beyers ◽  
James A Rice ◽  
William H Clements ◽  
Catherine J Henry
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Consumption Activity ◽  
Induced Changes

We present empirical support for a conceptual framework in which chemical contaminants are considered as sources of physiological stress to fish. Physiological stress was quantified in terms of energy by measuring routine metabolism, food consumption, activity, and growth rates of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) exposed to the organochlorine pesticide dieldrin. Regression analysis was used to estimate models that describe the response of each endpoint as a function of dieldrin concentration and duration of exposure. Metabolic rate, consumption, and growth were influenced by chemical exposure. At short durations of exposure (1-4 days), metabolic rate of exposed fish was depressed compared with controls, but at a longer duration (16 days), metabolic rate increased as a function of concentration. Food consumption and growth rates of fish exposed for 16 days declined as dieldrin concentration increased. The response of each endpoint was consistent with predictions of the general adaptation syndrome. Energetic costs of contaminant-induced changes in metabolism and food consumption can be integrated with a bioenergetics model to demonstrate biological significance of chemical exposure in a natural environment.

scholarly journals Evaluating biological significance of chemical exposure to fish using a bioenergetics-based stressor-response model

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 823-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel W Beyers ◽  
James A Rice ◽  
William H Clements
Keyword(s):  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Response Model ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Contaminant Exposure ◽  
Exposure Response

We demonstrate how contaminant exposure-response relationships can be integrated with a bioenergetics model to estimate the biological significance of sublethal exposure under fluctuating environmental conditions. The integrated bioenergetics-based stressor-response model (SRM) was evaluated by comparing observed and predicted growth of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) exposed to several dieldrin concentrations and by conducting sensitivity analyses. Predictions of the SRM suggest that energetic effects of exposure of largemouth bass to ambient concentrations of dieldrin in lakes at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge are not biologically significant because the amount of energy lost by resident fish is small compared with variation in food consumption. Furthermore, influence of dieldrin exposure is small compared with the effects of a natural stressor like water temperature. The SRM provides a general framework for integrating laboratory-derived exposure-response relationships with ecological processes to determine the biological significance of multiple stressors in a natural environment. Comparisons of relative effects of anthropogenic and natural stressors can be used to assess potential costs and benefits of alternative ecosystem management strategies.

Light pollution reduces activity, food consumption and growth rates in a sandy beach invertebrate

2016 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 1147-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Luarte ◽  
C.C. Bonta ◽  
E.A. Silva-Rodriguez ◽  
P.A. Quijón ◽  
C. Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Sandy Beach ◽  
Light Pollution

Endotoxin-induced changes in food consumption in healthy volunteers are associated with TNF-α and IL-6 secretion

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 945-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Reichenberg ◽  
T Kraus ◽  
M Haack ◽  
A Schuld ◽  
T Pollmächer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Induced Changes

A note on the performance of Soay ewes, when mated to Soay and Dorset Down rams, and the growth rate and carcass production of their lambs

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-310
Author(s):  
R. V. Large
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACTSoay ewes were mated to a Soay or a Dorset Down ram. Live-weight changes of the ewes, birth weights, growth rates and carcass production of the lambs were recorded, and the food consumption of the ewes and lambs was measured. The use of the Dorset Down ram resulted in significantly heavier birth weights, higher growth rates and heavier carcasses. Under conditions of good nutrition the Soay ewes proved to be capable of carrying very high foetal burdens and it was estimated, from lamb live-weight gains, that they produced a large quantity of milk, relative to their size, particularly when crossed with the Dorset Down ram.

scholarly journals Trait dimensionality explains widespread variation in local adaptation

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1802) ◽  
pp. 20141570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailene MacPherson ◽  
Paul A. Hohenlohe ◽  
Scott L. Nuismer
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Reciprocal Transplant ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

All species are locked in a continual struggle to adapt to local ecological conditions. In cases where species fail to locally adapt, they face reduced population growth rates, or even local extinction. Traditional explanations for limited local adaptation focus on maladaptive gene flow or homogeneous environmental conditions. These classical explanations have, however, failed to explain variation in the magnitude of local adaptation observed across taxa. Here we show that variable levels of local adaptation are better explained by trait dimensionality. First, we develop and analyse mathematical models that predict levels of local adaptation will increase with the number of traits experiencing spatially variable selection. Next, we test this prediction by estimating the relationship between dimensionality and local adaptation using data from 35 published reciprocal transplant studies. This analysis reveals a strong correlation between dimensionality and degree of local adaptation, and thus provides empirical support for the predictions of our model.

Error in Estimation of Feeding Rates from Changes in Mean Body Mass

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1494-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Cochran ◽  
K. J. Knutsen
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Typical Application ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Actual Field ◽  
Change In Mean

Because of nonlinear relationships between body mass and many parameters in energetics models, rates of food intake calculated from change in mean body mass (a typical application of energetics models) do not necessarily equal true mean rates of food intake calculated from individual changes in body mass. Using both hypothetical data and actual field data for largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) marked with individually numbered tags, we show that discrepancies increase with variability in body mass but are negligible (< 3.5%) in all cases examined. Biased estimates of change in mean body mass, such as might result from size-selective mortality or sampling gear, can lead to substantial errors in energetics model estimates of mean food consumption rates. Use of growth data for individually marked fish in conjunction with an energetics model permits calculation of confidence intervals, statistical comparison of food consumption rates, and examination of relationships between foraging success and individual body mass.

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