Light pollution reduces activity, food consumption and growth rates in a sandy beach invertebrate

2016 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 1147-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Luarte ◽  
C.C. Bonta ◽  
E.A. Silva-Rodriguez ◽  
P.A. Quijón ◽  
C. Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Sandy Beach ◽  
Light Pollution

A note on the performance of Soay ewes, when mated to Soay and Dorset Down rams, and the growth rate and carcass production of their lambs

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-310
Author(s):  
R. V. Large
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACTSoay ewes were mated to a Soay or a Dorset Down ram. Live-weight changes of the ewes, birth weights, growth rates and carcass production of the lambs were recorded, and the food consumption of the ewes and lambs was measured. The use of the Dorset Down ram resulted in significantly heavier birth weights, higher growth rates and heavier carcasses. Under conditions of good nutrition the Soay ewes proved to be capable of carrying very high foetal burdens and it was estimated, from lamb live-weight gains, that they produced a large quantity of milk, relative to their size, particularly when crossed with the Dorset Down ram.

Artificial light pollution at night (ALAN) disrupts the distribution and circadian rhythm of a sandy beach isopod

2019 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Duarte ◽  
Diego Quintanilla-Ahumada ◽  
Cristobal Anguita ◽  
Patricio H. Manríquez ◽  
Stephen Widdicombe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Sandy Beach ◽  
Light Pollution ◽  
Artificial Light

Energy and protein intake in relation to growth of suckling black-tailed deer fawns

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 1347-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. F. S. Sadleir
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Solid Food ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Behavioural Aspects ◽  
Effect On Growth

Milk and solid food consumption of energy and protein were measured in suckling Odocoileus heminonus columbianus fawns to 3 months of age. Fawns 7 to 10 days old consumed 175 g milk/kg0.75∙body weight∙day−1 which declined to 40 g/kg0.7S∙day−1 by 61 to 70 days. Mean daily digestible energy intake of milk and solids was 247 kcal/kg0.75∙day−1 (1 cal = 4.1868 J) and protein intake was 10.7 g/kg075∙day−1. Fawns started effective eating of solids around 30 days and by 90 days >80% of their energy intake was from solids. Some does continued to lactate for another 4 months, indicating that the metabolic and behavioural aspects of weaning can be separated in time. Growth for the first month of age was positively correlated with milk consumption, and growth rates up to 1,2, and 3 months were inversely correlated with birth weights but not to 4 months or older. Growth rates to 2 months were positively correlated with maternal growth rates to the same ages suggesting a genotypic and (or) prenatal effect on growth of fawns.

scholarly journals Food Consumption and Growth Rates of Juvenile Black Carp Fed Natural and Prepared Feeds

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel C. Hodgins ◽  
Harold L. Schramm ◽  
Patrick D. Gerard
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Black Carp ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Specific Growth Rates ◽  
Weight Number

Abstract The introduced mollusciphagic black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus poses a significant threat to native mollusks in temperate waters throughout the northern hemisphere, but consumption rates necessary to estimate the magnitude of impact on mollusks have not been established. We measured food consumption and growth rates for small (77–245 g) and large (466–1,071 g) triploid black carp held individually under laboratory conditions at 20, 25, and 30°C. Daily consumption rates (g food · g wet weight fish−1·d−1·100) of black carp that received prepared feed increased with temperature (small black carp 1.39–1.71; large black carp 1.28–2.10), but temperature-related increases in specific growth rate (100[ln(final weight) - ln(initial weight)]/number of days) only occurred for the large black carp (small black carp −0.02 to 0.19; large black carp 0.16–0.65). Neither daily consumption rates (5.90–6.28) nor specific growth rates (0.05–0.24) differed among temperatures for small black carp fed live snails. The results of these laboratory feeding trials indicate food consumption rates can vary from 289.9 to 349.5 J·g−1·d−1 for 150 g black carp receiving prepared feed, from 268.8 to 441.0 J·g−1·d−1for 800 g black carp receiving prepared feed, and from 84.8 to 90.2 J·g−1·d−1 for 150 g black carp that feed on snails. Applying estimated daily consumption rates to estimated biomass of native mollusks indicates that a relatively low biomass of black carp could eliminate native snails and substantially reduce recruitment of mussels in time periods as short as 180 d.

The Effect of Decreased Ration on Feeding Hierarchies in Groups of Greenback Flounder (Rhombosolea Tapirina: Teleostei)

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.G. Carter ◽  
G.J. Purser ◽  
D.F. Houlihan ◽  
P. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Consumption Growth ◽  
Exploitation Competition ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
The Relationship

The aims of the present study were to investigate food consumption, growth and the dynamics of feeding hierarchies in the same groups of juvenile greenback flounder (Rhombosolea tapirina: Teleostei) fed either high or low rations. Differential food consumption by individual greenback flounder held in groups of 20 showed the presence of feeding hierarchies in which individuals consumed between 0 and 22% of the available food. Inter-individual differences in food consumption resulted in different growth rates leading to growth depensation (measured as an increase in the coefficient of variation for weight). Intra-individual differences in food consumption tended to be larger for flounder which consumed a lower share of the available food. When the group ration was reduced the inter-individual and intra-individual variations in food consumption increased. Consequently, the relationship between inter-individual and intra-individual variation in food consumption tended to become stronger at lower food availability and indicated an increase in the strength of the feeding hierarchies. This study suggests that individual differences in food consumption, mediated through exploitation competition, contribute to growth depensation in this species of flatfish.

Variation in growth and efficiency in twin cattle with live weight and food intake controlled

1966 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
ST C. S. Taylor ◽  
G. B. Young
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Similar Growth

In an experiment to investigate the interrelationships of genetics and nutrition in the growth of cattle up to 2 years of age, five monozygotic and six dizygotic Ayrshire twin heifers were reared under close nutritional control on an all cubed diet.Two control systems were used. Some animals were fed similar amounts of food, and differences in growth rate and efficiency examined while others were made to grow alike and differences in food consumption and efficiency examined. Overall, similarly fed animals had similar growth rates and efficiencies and similarly grown animals similar food intakes and efficiencies. Variation in growth, food consumption and efficiency was much less than in an ad lib. feeding system.

Physiological consequences of nighttime temperature for a tropical, herbivorous lizard (Cyclura nubila)

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 836-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith A. Christian
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Passage Time ◽  
Digestive Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Temperature Group ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Nighttime Temperatures

Hatchling Cuban iguanas (Cyclura nubila) were reared for 38 weeks under three experimental conditions: nighttime temperatures of 15, 25, and 35 °C. All groups experienced a temperature of 35 °C during the day, and all were given food and water ad libitum. Growth rate (in terms of mass and length) increased with increasing nighttime temperature. The iguanas held at constant 35 °C were also more robust (defined as mass/length); this difference was not explained by the amount of fat. Passage time of food through the gut was shorter for the constant temperature group, which also consumed more food per day. There was no difference in digestive efficiency among groups, and the differences in growth rates were a result of the differences in food consumption. Constant temperature was apparently not detrimental for this tropical, herbivorous lizard. More data are required before useful generalizations concerning voluntary hypothermia in reptiles can be made.

scholarly journals Estimating physiological cost of chemical exposure: integrating energetics and stress to quantify toxic effects in fish

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 814-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel W Beyers ◽  
James A Rice ◽  
William H Clements ◽  
Catherine J Henry
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Consumption Activity ◽  
Induced Changes

We present empirical support for a conceptual framework in which chemical contaminants are considered as sources of physiological stress to fish. Physiological stress was quantified in terms of energy by measuring routine metabolism, food consumption, activity, and growth rates of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) exposed to the organochlorine pesticide dieldrin. Regression analysis was used to estimate models that describe the response of each endpoint as a function of dieldrin concentration and duration of exposure. Metabolic rate, consumption, and growth were influenced by chemical exposure. At short durations of exposure (1-4 days), metabolic rate of exposed fish was depressed compared with controls, but at a longer duration (16 days), metabolic rate increased as a function of concentration. Food consumption and growth rates of fish exposed for 16 days declined as dieldrin concentration increased. The response of each endpoint was consistent with predictions of the general adaptation syndrome. Energetic costs of contaminant-induced changes in metabolism and food consumption can be integrated with a bioenergetics model to demonstrate biological significance of chemical exposure in a natural environment.

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