Effect of Tannins on Leaf Processing and Conditioning Rates in Aquatic Ecosystems: An Empirical Approach

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1176-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Ostrofsky
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Leaf Processing ◽  
Tannin Concentration

Tannin concentrations were determined in the autumn-shed leaves of 48 species of deciduous trees. Chemical measures of tannins (total phenolics and condensed tannins) were significantly correlated with protein-precipitating capacity. None of these measures of tannin concentration, however, were significantly related to published leaf processing rates, measured as weight loss versus time, or to microbial colonization, measured as rates of lipid synthesis on conditioned leaves. These data suggest that the large variation seen in leaf processing rates is due to factors other than tannin concentration and that much of this variation is due to abiotic factors such as leaching and physical fragmentation. Microbial activity on leaves showed much less variation than did processing rates.

THE ROLE OF CONDENSED TANNINS IN THE DIGESTION OF FRESH Lotus pedunculatus BY SHEEP

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 181-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. BARRY
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Hormone Concentration ◽  
Plasma Growth Hormone ◽  
Tannin Concentration ◽  
Lotus Pedunculatus ◽  
Ruminal Digestion

Relative to non-tannin-containing fresh forages, condensed tannins in Lotus pedunculatus increased duodenal N flow and calculated absorption of amino acids from the small intestine, but depressed ruminal digestion of soluble carbohydrate and hemicellulose. Plasma growth hormone concentration was positively and linearly related to forage condensed tannin concentration. Key words: Condensed tannin, nitrogen digestion, growth hormone

scholarly journals Changes of tannin and nutrients during decomposition of branchlets of Casuarina equisetifolia plantation in subtropical coastal areas of China

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 74-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang LH ◽  
Zhang SJ ◽  
Ye GF ◽  
Shao HB ◽  
Lin GH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Casuarina Equisetifolia ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Litterbag Experiment ◽  
Time Required

A litterbag experiment was conducted to investigate the changes of tannins and nutrients in branchlets at different decomposition stages of Casuarina equisetifolia in southern subtropical coastal zone, China, using the colorimetric assays. The time required for the loss of half of the initial dry weight (t<sub>50</sub>) was 9.13 months. Total phenolics (TP), extractable condensed tannins (ECT), protein-bound condensed tannins (PBCT), total condensed tannins (TCT) and protein precipitation capacity (PPC) of branchlets litter decreased rapidly, while fibre-bound condensed tannins (FBCT) increased during decomposition. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of the branchlet litter both increased gradually during decay. Negative correlations between TP and nitrogen or phosphorus, as well as TCT and nitrogen or phosphorus were found. These chemical changes enhanced the current knowledge on the potential ecological role of nutrient transformation in tannins in C. equisetifolia plantations.

scholarly journals Florivory defence: are phenolic compounds distributed non-randomly within perianths?

2020 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-25
Author(s):  
Saya Nakano ◽  
Michio Oguro ◽  
Tomoyuki Itagaki ◽  
Satoki Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Chemical Defence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemical Defences ◽  
Herbivore Attack ◽  
Statistical Support ◽  
Angiosperm Species ◽  
Optimal Defence

Abstract Plants might allocate chemical defences unequally within attractive units of flowers including petals, sepals, and bracts because of variations in the probability of florivory. Based on optimal defence theory, which predicts that plants allocate higher chemical defences to tissues with higher probabilities of herbivore attack, we predicted that distal parts and sepals would have higher chemical defence allocations than proximal parts and petals. To test this prediction, we compared total phenolics and condensed tannins concentrations as well as presence of florivory within attractive units of ten angiosperm species. In agreement with the prediction, the overall results showed that the distal parts had higher total phenolics and condensed tannins than the proximal parts. On the other hand, contrary to the prediction, petals and sepals showed no tissue-specific variations. Florivory was more severe on the distal parts than the proximal parts, although statistical support for the variation was slightly weak, while the variations in presence of florivory between petals and sepals differed between the distal and proximal parts. These results may support the prediction of the optimal defence theory because distal parts of attractive units had higher presence of florivory and concentration of chemical defences.

Effect of Processing on the Secondary Haze Formation in Clarified Apple Juice

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 1464-1468
Author(s):  
Xin Xin Yi ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Mei Xia Pang ◽  
Feng Tan ◽  
Jing Hua Qi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Apple Juice ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Enzymatic Treatment ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Haze Formation

Compositions that related to the secondary haze compositions in clarified apple juice were studied. Pressing treatment, pasteurization and enzymatic treatment were mainly investigated. Turbidity, contents of phenolics components, and that of soluble proteins in three batches of apple juice were monitored at intervals during the processing procedures. Pressing treatment resulted in increasing the turbidity and contents of total phenolics, condensed tannins, soluble proteins, but decreasing the level of low molecular- weight phenolics in apple juice. Pasteurization had effects on increasing the level of turbidity and decreasing the level of soluble proteins and had little effects on the level of phenolics components in apple juice. Enzymatic treatment resulted in decreasing the turbidity and the levels of catechin, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, procyanidins B2 and condensed tannins and increasing the level of soluble proteins in apple juice. It will help to control the secondary haze formation in apple juice production.

scholarly journals Total Phenolics, Flavonoids, Condensed Tannins Content of Eight Centaurea Species and Their Broad Inhibitory Activities against Cholinesterase, Tyrosinase, α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gokhan ZENGIN ◽  
Marcello LOCATELLI ◽  
Simone CARRADORI ◽  
Andrei M. MOCAN ◽  
Abdurrahman AKTUMSEK
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Starting Point

Several bioactive compounds originate from natural sources and their uses are generally related with traditional or folk medicine. Synthetic drugs can have adverse side effects and, for this reason, the investigation of novel, safe, and natural-occurring products can account for the development of new drugs. The genus Centaurea L. is one of the most important genera of the Asteraceae family, containing more than 200 species in the Turkish flora, about 140 of which are endemic. The aim of the present work was to determine enzyme inhibitory potentials of two extracts (chloroform and ethyl acetate) from eight Centaurea species against cholinesterase, tyrosinase, amylase, and glucosidase. The total phenolics, flavonoids and condensed tannin contents were also reported for each extract. These components in the extracts varied according to species and extraction solvents as well as enzyme inhibitory effects. The highest level of phenolics was found to be in the chloroform extract of C. pulchella (119.23 mg GAEs/g extract). Generally, chloroform extracts exhibited stronger enzyme inhibitory effects as compared to ethyl acetate. Additionally, possible correlations with total phenolics, flavonoids, and condensed tannins content were also highlighted. This paper is the first report of the inhibitory capacities of the eight Centaurea species on the selected enzymes. The present results may be a valuable starting point in the development of new bioactive formulations.

scholarly journals Effect of Field Fungicide Applications on Storability, Physicochemical, and Nutraceutical Content of Muscadine Grape (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) Genotypes

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 1315-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek W. Barchenger ◽  
John R. Clark ◽  
Renee T. Threlfall ◽  
Luke R. Howard ◽  
Cindi R. Brownmiller
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Postharvest Storage ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
Vitis Rotundifolia ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Muscadine Grape

A major limiting factor in fresh-market muscadine grape (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) commercialization is fruit deterioration during storage. Research on table grapes has shown that field fungicide applications increase storability, but little is known of their effect on muscadines. The effect of field applications of fungicides on physicochemical attributes during postharvest storage and nutraceutical content at date of harvest was evaluated on five muscadine cultivars (Nesbitt, Southern Jewel, Summit, Supreme, and Tara) and four breeding selections from the University of Arkansas Fruit Breeding Program in 2012 and 2013. There were two field treatments (no fungicide and fungicide). For the fungicide treatment, alternating applications of two fungicides were applied to the vine at 14-day intervals during berry maturation. Fruit was harvested and physicochemical attributes including berry volume, titratable acidity (TA), pH, soluble solids (%), color (L, chroma, and hue), firmness (force to penetrate berry skins and flesh), storage weight loss (%), and unmarketable fruit (%) were evaluated every 7 days for 3 weeks. Whole muscadine berries were analyzed for nutraceutical content only for the date of harvest. As a result of less decay, less weight loss, and greater firmness during storage, AM 27, ‘Southern Jewel’, and ‘Supreme’ had the highest potential for postharvest storage, whereas AM 01, AM 15, and ‘Tara’ had the least potential. Nutraceutical content varied by genotypes; overall AM 27 had the highest nutraceutical content [sum of anthocyanins, total phenolics, flavonols, resveratrol, and oxygen radical absorbane capacity (ORAC)], whereas ‘Supreme’ and AM 28 had the lowest. Total anthocyanins were only found in the black genotypes and total phenolics and resveratrol were unaffected by fungicide treatment. Total ellagitannins varied among the fungicide treatments. Total flavonols were generally greater in the no fungicide treatments, whereas ORAC was generally greater with fungicide treatments. Year of study and genotype were determined to be major contributors as sources of variation. Although field fungicide applications did not affect all postharvest attributes and nutraceutical components, differences among genotypes and fungicide treatments did occur.

THE INHERITANCE OF CONDENSED TANNIN CONCENTRATION IN LENTIL

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. VAILLANCOURT ◽  
A. E. SLINKARD ◽  
R. D. REICHERT
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Single Recessive Gene ◽  
Components Of Variance ◽  
Method Selection ◽  
Tannin Concentration ◽  
Selection For

In lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) condensed tannins are responsible for seed coat darkening during storage and the associated reduction in crop quality. The vanillin-HCl method was used to measure tannin concentration. Tannins were present only in the seed coat. Tannin concentration in the seed coat of 87 lines from the USDA World Lentil Collection ranged from 35 to 93 g kg−1 and averaged 63.3 g kg−1. The zero-tannin trait of PI 345635 lentil was controlled by a single recessive gene (tan tan) that had pleiotropic effects on plant pigmentation and seed coat thickness. Heritability of tannin concentration among lines containing tannin was 66.4 ± 4.4%, based on the components of variance method. Selection for lower or higher tannin concentration in lentil should be effective.Key words: Lentil, tannin, tannin genetics, proanthocyanidin, Lens culinaris

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