Use of Microbial Colonization Parameters as a Measure of Functional Response in Aquatic Ecosystems

2009 ◽  
pp. 55-55-13
Author(s):  
JR Pratt ◽  
J Cairns
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Microbial Colonization

Effect of Tannins on Leaf Processing and Conditioning Rates in Aquatic Ecosystems: An Empirical Approach

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1176-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Ostrofsky
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Leaf Processing ◽  
Tannin Concentration

Tannin concentrations were determined in the autumn-shed leaves of 48 species of deciduous trees. Chemical measures of tannins (total phenolics and condensed tannins) were significantly correlated with protein-precipitating capacity. None of these measures of tannin concentration, however, were significantly related to published leaf processing rates, measured as weight loss versus time, or to microbial colonization, measured as rates of lipid synthesis on conditioned leaves. These data suggest that the large variation seen in leaf processing rates is due to factors other than tannin concentration and that much of this variation is due to abiotic factors such as leaching and physical fragmentation. Microbial activity on leaves showed much less variation than did processing rates.

scholarly journals Chytrid fungi shape bacterial communities on model particulate organic matter

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 20200368
Author(s):  
Cordelia Roberts ◽  
Ro Allen ◽  
Kimberley E. Bird ◽  
Michael Cunliffe
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Chytrid Fungus ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
And Function

Microbial colonization and degradation of particulate organic matter (POM) are important processes that influence the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems. Although POM is readily used by aquatic fungi and bacteria, there is a limited understanding of POM-associated interactions between these taxa, particularly for early-diverging fungal lineages. Using a model ecological system with the chitin-degrading freshwater chytrid fungus Rhizoclosmatium globosum and chitin microbeads, we assessed the impacts of chytrid fungi on POM-associated bacteria. We show that the presence of chytrids on POM alters concomitant bacterial community diversity and structure, including differing responses between chytrid life stages. We propose that chytrids can act as ecosystem facilitators through saprotrophic feeding by producing ‘public goods’ from POM degradation that modify bacterial POM communities. This study suggests that chytrid fungi have complex ecological roles in aquatic POM degradation not previously considered, including the regulation of bacterial colonization, community succession and subsequent biogeochemical potential.

Aviation and the Microbiome

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 651-661
Author(s):  
Joshua T. Davis ◽  
Hilary A. Uyhelji
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Aviation Safety ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Aerospace Medicine ◽  
Medical Certification ◽  
Physical Disorders ◽  
The Impact

INTRODUCTION: Although the impact of microorganisms on their hosts has been investigated for decades, recent technological advances have permitted high-throughput studies of the collective microbial genomes colonizing a host or habitat, also known as the microbiome. This literature review presents an overview of microbiome research, with an emphasis on topics that have the potential for future applications to aviation safety. In humans, research is beginning to suggest relationships of the microbiome with physical disorders, including type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disease. The microbiome also has been associated with psychological health, including depression, anxiety, and the social complications that arise in autism spectrum disorders. Pharmaceuticals can alter microbiome diversity, and may lead to unintended consequences both short and long-term. As research strengthens understanding of the connections between the microbiota and human health, several potential applications for aerospace medicine and aviation safety emerge. For example, information derived from tests of the microbiota has potential future relevance for medical certification of pilots, accident investigation, and evaluation of fitness for duty in aerospace operations. Moreover, air travel may impact the microbiome of passengers and crew, including potential impacts on the spread of disease nationally and internationally. Construction, maintenance, and cleaning regimens that consider the potential for microbial colonization in airports and cabin environments may promote the health of travelers. Altogether, the mounting knowledge of microbiome effects on health presents several opportunities for future research into how and whether microbiome-based insights could be used to improve aviation safety.Davis JT, Uyhelji HA. Aviation and the microbiome. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(8):651–661.

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