Extent of Effluent Influence on Lake Water Determined by Bacterial Population Distributions

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 844-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Rokosh ◽  
S. S. Rao ◽  
A. A. Jurkovic
Keyword(s):  
Lake Water ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Sulfur Cycle ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Population Distributions

Populations of heterotrophic bacteria, total and fecal coliforms, and sulfur cycle bacteria were measured in a large body of water receiving the effluent of a pulp and paper industry. Elevated bacterial populations were detected near the effluent outfall but persistent populations, larger than those in unaffected lake water, extended as far as 19 km from the effluent outfall. This ability to detect influences to distances up to 19 km adds a new dimension to a description of a mixing zone receiving industrial effluents.

Seasonal variations in heterotrophic bacterial populations in waters off Sydney

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
AD Brown
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Seawater Samples

Viable counts were made of heterotrophic bacteria in seawater samples taken from 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 m at one station off Sydney over a period of 2 years. Populations, which fell largely within the range of 10-1000/ml, tended to be higher in spring and early summer than at other times. Some evidence was obtained of a negative correlation between bacterial population and chlorinity. There was no evidence of a correlation between bacterial populations and several other variables which were examined. A (presumed) species of Chromobacterium occurred intermittently at the lower depths with some suggestion of a correlation with season and total bacterial count.

COUNTING TOTAL BACTERIA IN LAND ORGANIC WASTE HOUSEHOLD AND LAND INORGANIC WITH TOTAL PLATE COUNT METHOD (TPC)

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Ekamaida Ekamaida
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Fertility Data ◽  
Plate Count Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Bacteria

The soil fertility aspect is characterized by the good biological properties of the soil. One important element of the soil biological properties is the bacterial population present in it. This research was conducted in the laboratory of Microbiology University of Malikussaleh in the May until June 2016. This study aims to determine the number of bacterial populations in soil organic and inorganic so that can be used as an indicator to know the level of soil fertility. Data analysis was done by T-Test that is by comparing the mean of observation parameter to each soil sample. The sampling method used is a composite method, which combines 9 of soil samples taken from 9 sample points on the same plot diagonally both on organic soil and inorganic soil. The results showed the highest bacterial population was found in total organic soil cfu 180500000 and total inorganic soil cfu 62.500.000

Structure, Activity and Composition of Biofilms

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 335-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian C. Zhang ◽  
Paul L. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Effective Diffusivity ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Bulk Solution ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Spatial Distributions ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Population Distributions ◽  
Micro Slicing

The spatial distributions of properties of biofilms have been investigated by using three different kinds of biofilms as test materials. Biofilms, cultured by laboratory-scale rotating drum biofilm reactors with synthetic wastewater, were first cut into 10 to 20 µm thick slices using a microtome, and then apportioned into samples representing 3 or 4 layers. The biofilm properties of each layer were investigated by measuring the densities, phospholipid concentrations, and AR18 dye adsorption abilities. The bacterial population distributions and the metabolically active bacterial distributions were studied by plate count methods or a MPN method, and the tetrazolium dye (INT) reduction method, respectively. Based on statistic evaluations, the micro-slicing technique, the procedure for analyzing phospholipid concentrations of biofilms, and the AR18 dye adsorption tests were suitable to be used in biofilm studies. It was found that the densities of biofilms in the bottom layers were 4 to 7 times higher than those in the top layers. For thick biofilms (thickness > 500 µm), the INT active bacteria decreased from 82-89% in the top layers to 5-11% in the bottom layers. The porosities of thick biofilms changed from 83-92% in the top layers to 56-64% in the bottom layers. For thin biofilms (thickness < 500 µm), the porosities of biofilms changed from 72-75% in the top layers to 35-44% in the bottom layers. Highly spatial distributions of bacterial populations, mean pore radius, and specific surface areas were also observed. As a result of these spatial distributions, the ratio of effective diffusivity to diffusivity in the bulk solution also shows a decrease with depth of the biofilm. Assuming biofilm properties are of a uniform distribution may be an over-simplified assumption, valid only in specific cases.

scholarly journals Cryptic roles of tetrathionate in the sulfur cycle of marine sediments: microbial drivers and indicators

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 4611-4631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhrangshu Mandal ◽  
Sabyasachi Bhattacharya ◽  
Chayan Roy ◽  
Moidu Jameela Rameez ◽  
Jagannath Sarkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Sulfur Cycle ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Pore Waters ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Metagenome Analysis ◽  
Minimum Zone ◽  
Chemolithotrophic Bacteria

Abstract. To explore the potential role of tetrathionate in the sedimentary sulfur cycle, population ecology of microorganisms capable of metabolizing this polythionate was revealed at 15–30 cm resolution along two, ∼3 m long, cores collected from 530 and 580 m below the sea level, off India's west coast, within the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) of the Arabian Sea. Metagenome analysis along the cores revealed widespread occurrence of genes involved in the formation, oxidation, and reduction of tetrathionate; high diversity and relative abundance were also detected for bacteria that are known to render these metabolisms in vitro. Results of slurry culture of the sediment samples in thiosulfate- or tetrathionate-containing microbial growth media, data obtained via pure-culture isolation, and finally metatranscriptome analyses corroborated the in situ functionality of the tetrathionate-forming, tetrathionate-oxidizing, and tetrathionate-reducing microorganisms. Ion chromatography of pore waters revealed the presence of up to 11.1 µM thiosulfate in the two cores, whereas tetrathionate remained undetected in spectroscopic assay based on its reaction with cyanide. While thiosulfate oxidation by chemolithotrophic bacteria prevalent in situ is the apparent source of tetrathionate in this ecosystem, high biochemical and geochemical reactivity of this polythionate could be instrumental in its cryptic status in the sulfur cycle. Potential abiotic origin of tetrathionate in the sediment horizon explored could neither be ruled out nor confirmed from the geochemical information available. On the other hand, tetrathionate potentially present in the system can be either oxidized to sulfate or reduced back to thiosulfate/sulfide via chemolithotrophic oxidation and respiration by native bacterial populations, respectively. Up to 2.01 mM sulfide present in the sediment cores may also reduce tetrathionate abiotically to thiosulfate and elemental sulfur. However, in the absence of measured data for O2 or other oxyanions having possibilities of serving as electron acceptors, the biogeochemical modalities of the oxidative half of the tetrathionate cycle remained unresolved.

scholarly journals Antibacterial activity of the white lily Moringa oleifera seed extract and its use in water treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 699-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tânia Maria de Andrade ◽  
Krystyna Gorlach-Lira
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Water Turbidity ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Agar Diffusion Test ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Seed

White lily Moringa oleifera seed powder acts as a natural coagulant promoting the reduction of water turbidity by the coagulation and sedimentation of the suspended particles, also eliminating the microorganisms by sedimentation. The aqueous extract of M. oleifera presented an inhibitory capacity for the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, whereas the hydroalcoholic extract inhibited S. aureus, Salmonella typhimurium and Vibrio cholerae, using the agar diffusion test. Standard strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis were resistant to the extracts. The water treatment through the aqueous extract of M. oleifera seeds at 0.02% and 0.01% concentrations was evaluated with the water samples collected in the Sinibu River, Paraíba State, Brazil, using the jar test. The water samples analyzed in this work were characterized by low turbidity (2.8-3.0 NTU), and pH and alkalinity between 5.8-7.3 and 10-30 mg CaCO3/L, respectively. After water treatment with M. oleifera aqueous extract, it was observed that pH, turbidity and alkalinity did not change significantly. Total heterotrophic bacteria counts in the crude water samples were between 1.9 x 10^5 UFC/100 mL and 1.1 x 10^6 CFU/100 mL, while the number of fecal coliforms was between 2.3 x 10^2 NMP/100 mL and 2.4 x 10^3 NMP/100 mL. The counts of total bacteria and fecal coliforms in the water samples treated with aqueous white lily extract at both concentrations tested (0.02% and 0.01%) during the 1.5-hour period did not differ significantly when compared to the untreated water. The results obtained in this work indicate that low turbidity of water influenced the efficacy of M. oleifera extract in the removal of bacteria in the treated water, since the level of coagulation depends on water turbidity.

scholarly journals The Microbial Composition in Circumneutral Thermal Springs from Chignahuapan, Puebla, Mexico Reveals the Presence of Particular Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacterial and Viral Communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1677
Author(s):  
Hugo Gildardo Castelán-Sánchez ◽  
Pablo M. Meza-Rodríguez ◽  
Erika Carrillo ◽  
David I. Ríos-Vázquez ◽  
Arturo Liñan-Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Sulfur Cycle ◽  
Thermal Springs ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
Shotgun Approach ◽  
Auxiliary Metabolic Genes

Terrestrial thermal springs are widely distributed globally, and these springs harbor a broad diversity of organisms of biotechnological interest. In Mexico, few studies exploring this kind of environment have been described. In this work, we explore the microbial community in Chignahuapan hot springs, which provides clues to understand these ecosystems’ diversity. We assessed the diversity of the microorganism communities in a hot spring environment with a metagenomic shotgun approach. Besides identifying similarities and differences with other ecosystems, we achieved a systematic comparison against 11 metagenomic samples from diverse localities. The Chignahuapan hot springs show a particular prevalence of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria from the genera Rhodococcus, Thermomonas, Thiomonas, Acinetobacter, Sulfurovum, and Bacillus, highlighting those that are different from other recovered bacterial populations in circumneutral hot springs environments around the world. The co-occurrence analysis of the bacteria and viruses in these environments revealed that within the Rhodococcus, Thiomonas, Thermonas, and Bacillus genera, the Chignahuapan samples have specific species of bacteria with a particular abundance, such as Rhodococcus erytropholis. The viruses in the circumneutral hot springs present bacteriophages within the order Caudovirales (Siphoviridae, Myoviridae, and Podoviridae), but the family of Herelleviridae was the most abundant in Chignahuapan samples. Furthermore, viral auxiliary metabolic genes were identified, many of which contribute mainly to the metabolism of cofactors and vitamins as well as carbohydrate metabolism. Nevertheless, the viruses and bacteria present in the circumneutral environments contribute to the sulfur cycle. This work represents an exhaustive characterization of a community structure in samples collected from hot springs in Mexico and opens opportunities to identify organisms of biotechnological interest.

Antimicrobial Effects of Trisodium Phosphate Against Bacteria Attached to Beef Tissue

1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 952-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. DICKSON ◽  
C. G. NETTLES CUTTER ◽  
G. R. SIRAGUSA
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Model System ◽  
Trisodium Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Solution ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli

Sliced beef tissue was artificially contaminated with Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7. The contaminated tissue was immersed in 8, 10 and 12% solutions of trisodium phosphate at 25, 40 and 55°C with contact times of up to 3 min. The concentration of the trisodium phosphate solution was not a significant factor in reducing the populations of the bacteria on either lean or adipose tissue. Reductions in bacterial populations of 1 to 1.5 log10 cycles were obtained on lean tissue contaminated with the gram-negative pathogens, although less reduction in population was seen with L. monocytogenes. Greater reductions in bacterial populations were observed on adipose tissue, with maximum reductions of 2 to 2.5 log10 cycles and 1 to 1.5 log10 cycles for the gram-negative and the gram-positive pathogens, respectively. Typically greater reductions in bacterial populations were seen as the temperature of the trisodium phosphate solution increased. Surface beef carcass tissue was inoculated with E. coli ATCC 25922 and sanitized with 8% trisodium phosphate using a model carcass washing system. Population reductions with the carcass washer and lean tissue were comparable to those observed in the laboratory with E. coli O157:H7. However, greater reductions were observed on adipose tissue from the model system, suggesting that the physical washing procedure may have contributed to the reduction in the bacterial population.

Microbiological Characterization of Human Milk1

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 614-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. GAVIN ◽  
K. OSTOVAR
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Streptococcus Salivarius ◽  
Streptococcus Mitis ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Milk Samples

Milk samples of five breast-feeding mothers were studied for bacterial population, flora, and source. In most instances, samples taken at postfeeding contained higher bacterial populations than prefeeding samples. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the predominant organism isolated from 100% of the samples. Increases were noticed in the appearance of Streptococcus mitis, Gaffkya tetragena, Streptococcus salivarius, Staphylococcus aureus, as well as Lactobacillus acidophilus, in the postfeeding samples. Main sources of bacteria were found to be the infant's mouth and maternal skin.

STUDIES ON GLYCINE-PERCOLATED SOIL: I. CORRELATION BETWEEN GLYCINE OXIDATION AND BACTERIAL POPULATION

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 1017-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Furusaka ◽  
K. Sato
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Soil Processes ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Soil Percolation ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

It is of interest to determine how the soil percolation technique may be of use for the elucidation of soil processes from the microbiological viewpoint as well as from the biochemical one. An attempt has been made to correlate the growth of heterotrophic bacteria with their chemical activities when soil is percolated with glycine solution. A very close correlation has been observed between the population number of bacteria and their glycine–oxidizing activity. The physiological status of the population has been investigated. The metabolism of soil organic matter is also induced by the glycine percolation. The soil conditions under which the bacterial population can be considered in connection with their activities are discussed.

scholarly journals Crl Binds to Domain 2 of σS and Confers a Competitive Advantage on a Natural rpoS Mutant of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi

2010 ◽  
Vol 192 (24) ◽  
pp. 6401-6410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Monteil ◽  
Annie Kolb ◽  
Claudine Mayer ◽  
Sylviane Hoos ◽  
Patrick England ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi ◽  
Bacterial Response ◽  
Modeled Structure ◽  
Rpos Mutant ◽  
Two Hybrid

ABSTRACTThe RpoS sigma factor (σS) is the master regulator of the bacterial response to a variety of stresses. Mutants inrpoSarise in bacterial populations in the absence of stress, probably as a consequence of a subtle balance between self-preservation and nutritional competence. We characterized here one naturalrpoSmutant ofSalmonella entericaserovar Typhi (Ty19). We show that therpoSallele of Ty19 (rpoSTy19) led to the synthesis of a σSTy19protein carrying a single glycine-to-valine substitution at position 282 in σSdomain 4, which was much more dependent than the wild-type σSprotein on activation by Crl, a chaperone-like protein that increases the affinity of σSfor the RNA polymerase core enzyme (E). We used the bacterial adenylate cyclase two-hybrid system to demonstrate that Crl bound to residues 72 to 167 of σSdomain 2 and that G282V substitution did not directly affect Crl binding. However, this substitution drastically reduced the ability of σSTy19to bind E in a surface plasmon resonance assay, a defect partially rescued by Crl. The modeled structure of the EσSholoenzyme suggested that substitution G282V could directly disrupt a favorable interaction between σSand E. TherpoSTy19allele conferred a competitive fitness when the bacterial population was wild type forcrlbut was outcompeted in Δcrlpopulations. Thus, these results indicate that the competitive advantage of therpoSTy19mutant is dependent on Crl and suggest thatcrlplays a role in the appearance ofrpoSmutants in bacterial populations.

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