Seasonal variations in heterotrophic bacterial populations in waters off Sydney

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
AD Brown
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Seawater Samples

Viable counts were made of heterotrophic bacteria in seawater samples taken from 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 m at one station off Sydney over a period of 2 years. Populations, which fell largely within the range of 10-1000/ml, tended to be higher in spring and early summer than at other times. Some evidence was obtained of a negative correlation between bacterial population and chlorinity. There was no evidence of a correlation between bacterial populations and several other variables which were examined. A (presumed) species of Chromobacterium occurred intermittently at the lower depths with some suggestion of a correlation with season and total bacterial count.

Comparison between the Bacterial Populations from Solutions and Minerals in 1 m Test Columns and the Industrial Low Grade Copper Sulphide Bioleaching Process in the Escondida Mine, Chile

2009 ◽  
Vol 71-73 ◽  
pp. 63-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Zepeda ◽  
F. Galleguillos ◽  
V. Urtuvia ◽  
J. Molina ◽  
Cecilia Demergasso
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Acidithiobacillus Thiooxidans ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Cellular Density ◽  
Irrigation Period ◽  
Card Fish

The study of microbial populations of biohydrometallurgic processes is generally more focused on the solutions involved than on the minerals. This is mainly due to complexity and costs associated with taking mineral samples during the leaching cycle. The present study compares the microorganisms in the solutions and the minerals in 1 m test columns and in samples taken from two strips of an industrial heap from the Escondida Copper Mine in Chile. The column test was carried out in six 1 m columns that were operated with similar parameters than the industrial heap. The industrial heap is divided into strips, and samples were collected from Strip 1 (after the end of the operation) and from Strip 9 (during the irrigation period). To analyze the bacterial population Real-Time PCR and CARD-FISH techniques were used. From the results of the column leaching tests a slightly greater cellular density was observed for the mineral than the solution, when the total bacterial count was considered. In both types of samples the predominant microorganisms were Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans D2 and Leptospirillum ferriphilum. In the samples from the industrial heap A. ferrooxidans predominated at the start of operation and A.thiooxidans at the end of the leach cycle.

Seasonal abundance of Halomonas meridiana, Halomonas subglaciescola, Flavobacterium gondwanense and Flavobacterium salegens in four Antarctic lakes

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. James ◽  
H. R. Burton ◽  
T. A. McMeekin ◽  
C. A. Mancuso
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Type Strains ◽  
Total Bacteria ◽  
Species Composition Change

Indirect immunofluorescence was used to quantify the seasonal variation of four halophilic aerobic Antarctic bacteria in Antarctic saline lakes from July 1990 to January 1991. Antibodies were raised against type strains from the Australian Collection of Antarctic Microorganisms. During summer, all four serogroups were identified in the aerobic waters of lakes with total dissolved salts above 61%. Maximal abundances of Halomonas meridiana, H. subglaciescola and Flavobacterium gondwanense serogroups were observed at discrete depths within the water column in the two most hypersaline lakes at about midsummer, coincident with the time of maximum sunlight and the commencement of the summer thaw. At this time the Halomonas spp. serogroups comprised up to 40% of the total bacteria and the F. gondwanense serogroup up to 10% of the total bacteria. The F. salegens serogroup was in low numbers (>2% of total bacteria) in some aerobic waters. Up to 2% of the total bacterial populations in the lakes were autofluorescent or stained non-specifically. Dissolved organic carbon values were measured throughout the sampling period and correlated well with total bacterial numbers but not with changes in species composition. Change in species abundance, as indicated by immunofluorescence, was not reflected in the total bacterial count, indicating compositional change of the total bacterial population.

scholarly journals Milk hygiene in small ruminants: A review

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. e05R02 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Gonzalo
Keyword(s):  
Health Management ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Water Addition ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Bacterial Counts

Somatic cell count (SCC), mammary pathogens prevalence, total and specific bacterial counts, antimicrobial residues, macroscopic sediment, water addition, aflatoxins and other contaminants constitute the basis for milk payment-schemes, monitoring and improvement of flock hygiene and health management, and development of analytical surveillance programs in the dairy small ruminants. The present work reviews factors influencing the variation of these variables, including milk analytical methods, storage and preservation, along with management implications during the last two decades. Following farmer and cooperative educational programs, progressive reductions have been reported for total bacterial count and antimicrobial residue occurrence in bulk tank milk. These results were consistent, however, with high values for SCC and specific bacterial populations. Thus, mastitis control programs should be intensified to increase hygiene in milk and economic returns for producers and processors. In addition, the implementation of programs to reduce specific bacterial counts (i.e., psychrotrophs, coliforms, Clostridium spp. spores) and mammary pathogen prevalence (i.e., Staph. aureus, Mycoplasma spp.), as well as the use of combined screening methods for an increased rate of antimicrobial detection, are currently required strategies which are positively valuated by milk processors, industry and consumers. Other contaminants may also be present, but cost-effective screening and analytical systems have not yet been implemented. This review aims to be helpful for troubleshooting milk quality and safety, developing future premium payment systems and industry quality-standards, optimizing management, on-farm risk traceability systems and consumer acceptance.

scholarly journals Impact of Inoculant Sources on Feed in Vitro Fermentability and Digestibility

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
A K Agustina A K Agustina ◽  
D Evvyernie ◽  
Rika Zahera ◽  
I G Permana ◽  
Toto Toharmat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Block Design ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

The aim of this research is to compare alternative inoculant source for in vitro rumen fermentation. In the first experiment, inoculant from fistulated cattle kept in LIPI and IPB (Fis1 and Fis2) and inoculant from Bogor municipality abattoir and IPB abattoir (Abo1 and Abo2) were tested for their pH, total bacterial count, and protozoal number using a complete block design with four replications. In the second experiment, the effect of the inoculant sources was tested on cornmeal (F1), soybean oil meal (F2), Napier grass (F3), and dairy cattle complete ration (F4) fermentability and digestibility including pH, VFA, NH3, IVDMD and IVOMD parameters. The results showed an unsignificant different protozoal number among inoculant sources. The pH of Fis2 rumen liquor was significantly lower (p<0.05) than others. The bacterial population was significantly higher (p<0.05) in Fis2 and Abo2 than Abo1, and Fis1. The inoculant pH after feed fermentability was not influenced by feed type but inoculant source with Fis1 was significantly higher (p<0.05) than Fis2, Abo2, and Abo1. The ammonia, VFA concentration, IVDMD, and IVOMD were influenced by interaction between inoculant sources and feed types. Although inoculant from cattle close to the laboratory (Fis2 and Abo2) were better in term of higher bacterial population, higher fermentability and digestibility for most type of feeds but other sources can be used in vitro study without differences in average fermentability and digestibility results. Key words:        abattoir, fermentability, fistula, inoculant, in vitro

scholarly journals Relationship between Oral Malodor and the Global Composition of Indigenous Bacterial Populations in Saliva

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 2806-2814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Takeshita ◽  
Nao Suzuki ◽  
Yoshio Nakano ◽  
Yoshihiro Shimazaki ◽  
Masahiro Yoneda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
The Other ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Oral Malodor ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Two Parameters

ABSTRACT Oral malodor develops mostly from the metabolic activities of indigenous bacterial populations within the oral cavity, but whether healthy or oral malodor-related patterns of the global bacterial composition exist remains unclear. In this study, the bacterial compositions in the saliva of 240 subjects complaining of oral malodor were divided into groups based on terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) profiles using hierarchical cluster analysis, and the patterns of the microbial community composition of those exhibiting higher and lower malodor were explored. Four types of bacterial community compositions were detected (clusters I, II, III, and IV). Two parameters for measuring oral malodor intensity (the concentration of volatile sulfur compounds in mouth air and the organoleptic score) were noticeably lower in cluster I than in the other clusters. Using multivariate analysis, the differences in the levels of oral malodor were significant after adjustment for potential confounding factors such as total bacterial count, mean periodontal pocket depth, and tongue coating score (P < 0.001). Among the four clusters with different proportions of indigenous members, the T-RFLP profiles of cluster I were implicated as the bacterial populations with higher proportions of Streptococcus, Granulicatella, Rothia, and Treponema species than those of the other clusters. These results clearly correlate the global composition of indigenous bacterial populations with the severity of oral malodor.

Extent of Effluent Influence on Lake Water Determined by Bacterial Population Distributions

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 844-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Rokosh ◽  
S. S. Rao ◽  
A. A. Jurkovic
Keyword(s):  
Lake Water ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Sulfur Cycle ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Population Distributions

Populations of heterotrophic bacteria, total and fecal coliforms, and sulfur cycle bacteria were measured in a large body of water receiving the effluent of a pulp and paper industry. Elevated bacterial populations were detected near the effluent outfall but persistent populations, larger than those in unaffected lake water, extended as far as 19 km from the effluent outfall. This ability to detect influences to distances up to 19 km adds a new dimension to a description of a mixing zone receiving industrial effluents.

scholarly journals GROWTH OF HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA IN SEA WATER POLLUTED BY SURF DETERGENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Dewan Pratama Novian ◽  
Irwan Effendi ◽  
Feliatra Feliatra
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Detergent Concentration ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Marine Microbiology ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Seawater Samples

The research was conducted from February 2016 to April 2017, aimed to determine the effect of adding different concentrations of detergent namely SURF on the growth of bacterial populations in the seawater column. This research used experimental method with Completely Randomized Design. Seawater samples were analyzed at Marine Microbiology Laboratory, Fisheries and Marine Faculty of Riau University. Based on the results of the study, from day 0 untill day 10 after given detergent with different concentrations, bacteria experienced a decreasing trend of growth, in day 15 untill day 20, the trend of bacterial growth contaminated by detergent with different concentration relatively increased to stagnant. Based on the result of this study the addition of different detergent concentration in each treatment affect the growth of heterotrophic bacteria population in the sea water, where the higher concentration of detergent added the lower the ability of bacteria to grow and the ability of heterotrophic bacteria to survive at different concentrations of detergent, it can be concluded that the ability of heterotrophic bacteria to grow from days 0 to 20 has decreased in each of its concentrations.

EFFECT OF PHENACYLPYRIDINIUM SALTS ON BACTERIAL POPULATION IN LIGHT OLIVE-BROWN SOIL OF BUNDELKHAND REGION (U.P.) INDIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.K. GUPTA ◽  
VANDANA GUPTA ◽  
NEEL RATAN ◽  
MANISHA MISHRA ◽  
MANOJ GUPTA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benzene Ring ◽  
Chlorine Atom ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Brown Soil ◽  
Soil Bacterial

Effect of phenacylpyridinium bromide (1a) and p-chlorophenacylpyridinium bromide (1b) was investigated on the soil bacterial population by plate dilution method. Based on the average total bacterial count at different concentrations of salts, it was observed that salt 1b was more bactericidal than salt 1a and deleterious effectivity increased with the increasing level. The greater antibacterial effect of salt 1b may probably be attributed to the presence of chlorine atom attached to benzene ring.

scholarly journals The evolution of lactic acid bacteria community during the development of mature sourdough

2009 ◽  
pp. 111-122
Author(s):  
Tanja Zugic-Petrovic ◽  
Natasa Jokovic ◽  
Dragisa Savic
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Genus Lactobacillus

In order to follow the composition and changes in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) population of rye flour sourdough that was continuously propagated by a repeated inoculation, sixty-two strains of LAB were isolated and characterized. The LAB were the only bacteria detected, both at the end of the second propagation step and in the stage of mature sourdough (after two weeks of continuous daily refreshment). The stable ecological system in rye sourdough could be established from the second propagation step onward. The predominant genera of LAB during the development of sourdough were lactobacilli, which were grouped in eight clusters. Heterofermentative lactobacilli were in majority in both propagation step two and a mature sourdough participating 56% and 70% of total bacterial count, respectively. The identification based on a phenotypic characterization that was carried out by using a set of 36 tests, showed that the lactobacilli contained in the two sourdough steps did not clearly belong to any known species of the genus Lactobacillus. In addition, the structure of the bacterial population were monitored by two statistical techniques (Hierachical Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis), being applied to phenotypical characteristics of the isolates.

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