Interrelation of Feeding Behavior and Accommodative Lens Movements in Some Species of North American Freshwater Fishes

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1141-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob G. Sivak
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Principal Direction ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Freshwater Fishes ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Lateral Direction ◽  
Black Bullhead ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
The Common

Accommodation, in response to atropine and pilocarpine, was measured retinoscopically and photographically in seven species of freshwater fishes. These species accommodate in varying magnitudes and directions by means of lenticular movements. The common white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) and the goldfish (Carassius auratus) accommodate mainly in the lateral direction (5–10 diopters), whereas the common bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), northern rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris), and yellow perch (Perca flavescens), exhibit a larger accommodative ability which occurs primarily along the rostral–caudal axis (up to 40 diopters in the yellow perch). The rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) accommodates equally along the lateral and rostral–caudal axes. No accommodative response occurs in the northern black bullhead (Ictalurus melas). Reference to the diets and feeding habits of the above species suggests that the magnitude and principal direction of accommodation is a response to the visual demands of a particular life history.

Distribution of littoral fishes in structurally complex macrophytes

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 2277-2289 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Weaver ◽  
J J Magnuson ◽  
M K Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Smallmouth Bass ◽  
Black Bullhead ◽  
Lake Mendota ◽  
Young Of The Year

By considering patchiness in the littoral vegetation, we were able to distinguish within-lake distributions among species and between young-of-the-year and yearling-and-older fishes. We characterized the macrophytes in Lake Mendota, Wisconsin, along transects using rake grabs to estimate species diversity and sonar charts to estimate the patchiness at 1-m intervals. We discerned two distinct littoral fish assemblages, one characterized by rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris) and smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) in unvegetated areas and another by a diverse assemblage in vegetated areas. Patchiness of macrophytes, not simply abundance, determined variations in the specific structure of the fish assemblage: e.g., yellow perch (Perca flavescens) were more dominant and abundant where vegetation was species rich and structurally complex as well as abundant. Young-of-the-year and yearling-and-older fishes differed in their distribution patterns: e.g., age 0 bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) were more abundant where Eurasian watermilfoil was abundant and patchy and yearling-and-older bluegill where vegetation was more dense and species rich. Furthermore, yearling-and-older black bullhead (Ameiurus melas) and brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) were more common in patchy macrophyte beds than in species-rich vegetation. The largest catches of age 0 white bass (Morone chrysops) occurred at sites with sandy shallow beaches and patchy milfoil beds farther offshore. These patterns were discerned because we assessed macrophyte structural complexity at multiple scales and we separated young-of-the-year from older fishes.

Preferred, Avoided, and Lethal Temperatures of Fish During Rising Temperature Conditions

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald S. Cherry ◽  
Kenneth L. Dickson ◽  
John Cairns Jr. ◽  
Jay R. Stauffer
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Temperature Limit ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Final Temperature ◽  
Preferred Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Preferences

Selected temperatures increased for 15 fish species in a laboratory gradient when acclimated to 3 °C increments from 12 to 27 °C. Temperature preferences exceeded acclimation temperatures between 12 to 27 °C for all except the telescope shiner (Notropis telescopus), yellow perch (Perca flavescens), rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), brown trout (Salmo trutta), and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). At 30, 33, or 36 °C acclimation, preferred temperatures were less than the acclimation temperature. The highest temperature preferences occurred at acclimations of 27, 30, or 33 °C. Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), spotted bass (Micropterus punctulatus), rockbass (Ambloplites rupestris), and the spotfin shiner (Notropis spilopterus) consistently selected the highest temperatures while the lowest temperatures were preferred by the salmonids. Final temperature preferences were usually greater than 29 °C for most centrarchids, above 24 °C for most cyprinids, and less than 19 °C for salmonids.Avoidance temperatures increased as acclimation temperature increased. Upper avoidances tested at high acclimation temperatures (30–36 °C) either equalled or exceeded the 7-day upper lethal temperature limit of the species by 1–2 °C, while avoidances were below this upper lethal limit when tested at the acclimation temperature closest to the species' final temperature preference.

Role of Prostaglandins in Fish Reproduction

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Stacey ◽  
F. W. Goetz
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Fish Reproduction ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Female Sexual Behavior ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus

Prostaglandins (PGs) have been identified in gonads, semen, ovarian fluid, blood, and in vitro ovarian incubates from a variety of teleosts. In teleosts, PGs appear to be involved in ovulation (follicular rupture) and female sexual behavior, and possibly in gonadotropin (GtH) secretion. An increase in prostaglandin F (PGF) levels associated with GtH-induced ovulation occurs in vivo in the pond loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) and goldfish (Carassius auratus). Indomethacin (PG synthesis inhibitor) blocks ovulation in these species and, in goldfish, PG injection reverses this blockade. PGF2α stimulates in vitro ovulation in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), and yellow perch (Perca flavescens); however, in perch, PGE2 is the most potent prostaglandin. Addition of melatonin to incubation medium both inhibits ovulation and decreases PGE and PGF synthesis in yellow perch, while addition of epinephrine and theophylline both enhances ovulation and increases PGE and PGF synthesis. Several studies indicate that PG, released from the ovaries or oviduct in response to the presence of ovulated oocytes, acts on the brain to stimulate female spawning behavior in the goldfish. Other externally fertilizing teleosts may use similar mechanisms to synchronize female sexual behavior with ovulation.Key words: prostaglandins, fish reproduction, ovulation, sexual behavior

Public Evaluation of Fish Tainting from Pulp and Paper Mill Discharges

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
C. G. Jardine
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Advisory Committees ◽  
Public Advisory ◽  
St Lawrence River

As part of the Remedial Action Plan (RAP) programs for the St. Lawrence and Spanish Rivers in Ontario, Canada, tainting evaluations were conducted using members of the Public Advisory Committees (PACs) and the RAP teams. Triangle test sensory evaluations were conducted on caged rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) exposed insitu upstream and downstream of the pulp and paper mill diffuser outfalls In the St. Lawrence River only, evaluations were conducted on indigenous yellow perch (Perca flavescens) caught upstream and downstream of the mill discharge . In both locations, the odour of the flesh from the caged trout exposed above the diffuser outfall was not judged significantly different from caged trout exposed downstream of the discharge. However, the indigenous perch caught downstream of the mill in the St. Lawrence River were judged by the panelists to have a significantly more objectionable odour than those caught upstream of the discharge. While the effluent tainting potential appears to have been eliminated in the Spanish River, further studies are required to determine the source and magnitude of tainting concerns in the St. Lawrence River. The sensory test and results reported here provide useful tools for evaluating the tainting potential of pulp mill discharges and for assessing perceived consumer quality of the fish exposed to these effluents.

scholarly journals In Vitro Oocyte Maturation and Ovulation in Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri), Northern Pike (Esox lucius), and Goldfish (Carassius auratus)

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 974-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Jalabert
Keyword(s):  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Follicular Maturation ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Control Oocyte ◽  
Follicle Maturation ◽  
Ovulatory Process ◽  
Matured Oocyte

The endocrine processes which control oocyte maturation (resumption of meiosis) and ovulation have been studied in vitro in the trout Salmo gairdneri. Follicular maturation is ultimately under the control of a pituitary gonadotropin which induces the follicle to synthesize specific steroids; these steroids act in turn directly on the oocyte to promote maturation. The systematic study of the in vitro efficiency of various steroids have shown that 17α-hydroxy-20β-dihydroprogesterone plays a preferential role in initiating maturation; this steroid has a high affinity for a plasma protein system. The efficiency of this steroid, similarly to the efficiency of the gonadotropin, can be modulated by other circulating steroids. The precise chronology of some events of follicle maturation have been defined using inhibitors of protein and RNA synthesis.The ovulatory process (sensu stricto: expulsion of matured oocyte from the follicular envelopes) has been experimentally dissociated from oocyte maturation, and some mediators likely to act on ovulation have been identified.These data permit the consideration of novel means of intervention at the ovarian level to synchronize maturation and ovulation in fish, in order to give new tools for progress in aquaculture.

Quantitative comparisons of the morphology and ultrastructure of erythrocyte nuclei from seven freshwater fish species

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 1951-1959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H. Jagoe ◽  
Dave A. Welter
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Nuclear Size ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Homogeneous Population ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

Chromosome number and genomic DNA content vary widely among fish species, and ploidy can vary within species. This suggests that the size, shape, and morphological features of cell nuclei may also vary. Nucleated erythrocytes of fish are an easily sampled homogeneous population of differentiated cells ideal for inter- and intra-species comparisons. We collected blood samples from largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), chain pickerel (Esox niger), yellow perch (Perca flavescens), mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki), redeye bass (Micropterus coosae), and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and removed cytoplasm and nuclear membranes from blood cells. Individual nuclei were examined and measured using scanning electron microscopy and a computerized image analysis system, and inter- and intra-species differences evaluated by nested analysis of variance. Nuclear size and shape varied significantly among species. Isolated nuclei had conspicuous apertures or holes, and the number and size of these holes also varied significantly among species. Variations in nuclear size and structure within species were small compared with interspecies differences. Little is known of the ultrastructure of erythrocyte nuclei in lower vertebrates, but their structure differs considerably from that of other vertebrate non-erythroid cells, suggesting that the organization of their DNA and associated proteins may be different.

Biological and Toxicologtcal Effects of Environmental Contaminants in Fish and Their Eggs

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Niimi
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Smallmouth Bass ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
White Bass ◽  
Morone Chrysops ◽  
Contaminant Transfer

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), white sucker (Catostomus commersoni), white bass (Morone chrysops), smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui), and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) were collected from Lakes Ontario and Erie to examine the relationship between contaminant levels in females and their eggs. Factors such as the percent lipid in the fish and percent of total lipid deposited in the eggs significantly influenced (P < 0.01) contaminant transfer. The percentages of the 9–11 organic contaminants transferred generally showed less variation within a species than the percentages for a substance transferred among the five species examined. This relationship was consistent even though there was over a 10-fold range in contaminant concentrations within a given species. Mercury did not demonstrate this response because the percentage in eggs was low for all species. The levels of PCB monitored in eggs of rainbow trout collected from Lake Ontario suggest that egg and fry survival rates could be affected based on the toxicological evidence from other studies. An examination of the possible effects of spawning on the kinetics of contaminants among these species suggests that relative body concentrations of organic contaminants may be decreased by 5% or be increased by 10%, and mercury levels may be increased by 6–22% following the deposition of eggs. The amount of change varies with species and is influenced by the percent egg weight of body weight, and the rate of contaminant transfer from females to eggs.Key words: toxicology, contaminants, reproduction, Lake Ontario, Lake Erie

scholarly journals Match–Mismatch Regulation for Bluegill and Yellow Perch Larvae and Their Prey in Sandhill Lakes

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C. Jolley ◽  
David W. Willis ◽  
Richard S. Holland
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Prey Selection ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Zooplankton Abundance ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Fish Recruitment ◽  
Newly Hatched Larvae

Abstract Food availability may regulate fish recruitment, both directly and indirectly. The availability of zooplankton, especially to newly hatched larvae, is thought to be crucial to their early growth and survival. We examined stomach contents of larval bluegill Lepomis macrochirus and yellow perch Perca flavescens in Pelican Lake and Cameron Lake, Nebraska, in 2004 and 2005. We also determined zooplankton availability and calculated prey selection using Chesson's α. In addition, we investigated potential match–mismatch regulation of recruitment from 2004 to 2008. Bluegill positively selected copepod nauplii and Bosmina spp., and yellow perch often selected copepods. Abundant zooplankton populations were available for consumption. Matches of both larval bluegill and yellow perch abundance to zooplankton abundance were detected in all years; exact matches were common. Mismatches in predator and prey production were not observed. Predation by age-0 yellow perch on age-0 bluegill was not observed, even though yellow perch hatched 2 mo prior to bluegill. Given that zooplankton were abundant and well-timed to larval fish relative abundance over the time span of this study, the match–mismatch hypothesis alone may not fully account for observed recruitment variability in these populations. Environmental conditions may also affect recruitment and warrant further investigation.

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