Quantitative comparisons of the morphology and ultrastructure of erythrocyte nuclei from seven freshwater fish species

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 1951-1959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H. Jagoe ◽  
Dave A. Welter
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Nuclear Size ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Homogeneous Population ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

Chromosome number and genomic DNA content vary widely among fish species, and ploidy can vary within species. This suggests that the size, shape, and morphological features of cell nuclei may also vary. Nucleated erythrocytes of fish are an easily sampled homogeneous population of differentiated cells ideal for inter- and intra-species comparisons. We collected blood samples from largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), chain pickerel (Esox niger), yellow perch (Perca flavescens), mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki), redeye bass (Micropterus coosae), and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and removed cytoplasm and nuclear membranes from blood cells. Individual nuclei were examined and measured using scanning electron microscopy and a computerized image analysis system, and inter- and intra-species differences evaluated by nested analysis of variance. Nuclear size and shape varied significantly among species. Isolated nuclei had conspicuous apertures or holes, and the number and size of these holes also varied significantly among species. Variations in nuclear size and structure within species were small compared with interspecies differences. Little is known of the ultrastructure of erythrocyte nuclei in lower vertebrates, but their structure differs considerably from that of other vertebrate non-erythroid cells, suggesting that the organization of their DNA and associated proteins may be different.

scholarly journals Effect of the Human Utilization of Northern Snakehead (Channa argus Cantor, 1842) on the Settlement of Exotic Fish and Cladoceran Community Structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2486
Author(s):  
Jong-Yun Choi ◽  
Seong-Ki Kim
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Nakdong River ◽  
Exotic Fish ◽  
Carnivorous Fish ◽  
Channa Argus ◽  
The Nakdong River ◽  
Exotic Fish Species

Empirical studies suggest that changes in the density of top predators, such as carnivorous fish, in freshwater food webs, strongly affect not only fish communities but also various primary and secondary consumers. Based on these findings, we explored how differences in the utilization of carnivorous fish (i.e., Northern Snakehead, Channa argus) by humans affected the fish and cladoceran community structure as well as the settlement of exotic fish species (i.e., Lepomis macrochirus and Micropterus salmoides) in 30 wetlands located in the upper and lower reaches of the Nakdong River. Our results show that in the mid–lower reaches of the Nakdong River, the density of C. argus was low, while high densities of L. macrochirus and M. salmoides were observed. Exotic fish species are frequently consumed by C. argus, leading to a low density of L. macrochirus and M. salmoides in the upper reaches, which supported a high density of C. argus. However, in the mid–lower reaches, the density of L. macrochirus was high because of the frequent collection of C. argus by fishing activities. The dominance of L. macrochirus significantly changed the structure of cladoceran communities. L. macrochirus mainly feeds on pelagic species, increasing the density of epiphytic species in the mid–lower reaches. The continued utilization of C. argus by humans induced a stable settlement of exotic fish species and strongly affected the community structures of primary consumers in the 30 wetlands. The frequency of C. argus collection has to be reduced to secure biodiversity in the mid–lower reaches of the Nakdong River, which will reduce the proportion of exotic fish species and increase the conservation of native fish.

Comparative Learning Ability of Selected Fishes

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel W. Coble ◽  
Gordon B. Farabee ◽  
Richard O. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Electrical Shock ◽  
Learned Behavior ◽  
Better Than

Fourteen species of freshwater fish were trained to execute a simple conditioned response in a shuttle box – to move in response to light to avoid an electrical shock. There was no relation between learning ability and phylogenetic position. Better learners included striped bass (Morone saxatilis), bigmouth buffalo (Ictiohus cyprinellus), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and northern pike (Esoxlucius) were poor learners. Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and redbelly tilapia (Tilapia zilli) could not be trained. Some fish retained their learned behavior for months, although performance deteriorated with time. Older channel catfish learned better than juveniles, but there was no difference between juvenile and older largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Temperature (18–28 °C) and feeding level (ranging from starvation for 25 d to ad libitum) did not affect learning of channel catfish, but the protozoan disease, ichthyophthiriasis, and perhaps our treatment of fish for the disease retarded it.

scholarly journals Mercury, Lead, and Cadmium in the Muscles of Five Fish Species from the Mechraâ-Hammadi Dam in Morocco and Health Risks for Their Consumers

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mahjoub ◽  
Soufiane Fadlaoui ◽  
Mohammed El Maadoudi ◽  
Youssef Smiri
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Lead And Cadmium

This study aims to assess the degree of metal contamination (mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb)) in the muscles of five species of fish Esox lucius, Sander lucioperca, Micropterus salmoides, Lepomis macrochirus, and Scardinius erythrophthalmus, from the Mechraâ-Hammadi Dam between July 2017 and May 2018, and to conduct a risk assessment for human consumers. Trace metals were determined by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for the Pb and the Cd and by Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for the Hg. The results gotten from the study of the muscles of the different fish species show that the higher mean amounts of Cd and Hg were determined in E. lucius, and the maximum mean levels of Pb were detected in S. erythrophthalmus. Results suggested that demersal fishes inhabiting near the sediments and piscivorous fishes with higher trophic level were likely to accumulate higher trace metal concentrations. The general order of bioaccumulation of the trace metals measured in the muscles of the fish species is as follows: Hg > Pb > Cd. Therefore, the bioaccumulation of Hg in fish studied is more important than that of Cd and Pb. Furthermore, these concentrations are higher in summer than in winter for all trace metals. All the values of the trace metals in the muscle tissues are below the maximum limits recommended by the European Community (EC) N° 1881/2006. However, estimation of noncarcinogenic health risks by the target hazard quotient indicated no obvious noncarcinogenic risks to humans that consume those fishes (THQ < 1). Results of THQ and maximum safe consumption indicated that Hg may cause more harm to human by fish consumption especially for E. lucius and S. lucioperca. Therefore, reduced intake of carnivorous fishes should be promoted as part of a healthier diet.

Rates and components of carbon turnover in fish muscle: insights from bioenergetics models and a whole-lake 13C addition

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian C. Weidel ◽  
Stephen R. Carpenter ◽  
James F. Kitchell ◽  
M. Jake Vander Zanden
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Natural Setting ◽  
Carbon Turnover ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Aquatic Communities ◽  
Tissue Replacement

Stable isotopes are widely employed to describe energy flow in aquatic communities, though interpretation of results can be confounded by the fact that organisms integrate over vastly different time scales. We used results from a 56-day whole-lake 13C addition and a bioenergetic modeling approach to estimate dorsal muscle carbon turnover rates in a natural setting for three sizes of bluegill ( Lepomis macrochirus ), largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ), and yellow perch ( Perca flavescens ). Generally, dynamic δ13C models with a metabolic tissue replacement term were better supported than models predicting isotopic change from growth alone, except when relative growth rates were highest (age 0 bluegill). Across species and size classes, the percentage of carbon change due to tissue replacement was variable (2%–80%) and independent of fish size. The half-life of δ13C in age 0 fishes was similar and ranged from 8 to 18 days. In contrast, adult tissue half-lives were much longer (116–173 days). Based on these and previously published estimates, fish mass (g) was a strong predictor of fish carbon turnover rates, λ: log(λ) = –3.65 – 0.20 log(mass), r2 = 0.71.

scholarly journals Effects of Aquatic Macrophytes on Spatial Distribution and Feeding Habits of Exotic Fish Species Lepomis macrochirus and Micropterus salmoides in Shallow Reservoirs in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Yun Choi ◽  
Seong-Ki Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Young Fish ◽  
Exotic Fish ◽  
Shallow Reservoirs ◽  
Exotic Fish Species

Aquatic macrophytes determine the physical complexity of aquatic environments and may influence the distribution and feeding habits of fish species. We explored the influence of different microhabitats, including vegetated beds (VB), edges of vegetated beds (EVB), and open water zones (OW), on two exotic fish species (Lepomis macrochirus and Micropterus salmoides) in shallow reservoirs. Lepomis macrochirus was more abundant in VB than in other zones and M. salmoides was mainly distributed in EVB. In VB, L. macrochirus mainly consumed branchiopods and isopods, while M. salmoides in EVB relied on relatively larger food items, such as dipterans, odonatans, and young fish. The consumption of young fish by M. salmoides, including L. macrochirus, showed little difference between winter and summer. Based on these findings, we suggest that young L. macrochirus (~20 cm) utilize VB as a refuge to avoid predation by M. salmoides. Meanwhile, M. salmoides mainly occupied in areas surrounding VB, preying on animals at these edges. As such, the presence of aquatic macrophytes appears to plays a key role in the survival and population growth of L. macrochirus. Proper management of aquatic macrophytes can help reduce populations of exotic fish and support native fish species.

The effect of prey morphology and size on handling time in a piscivore, the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1972-1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Hoyle ◽  
Allen Keast
Keyword(s):  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Rana Catesbeiana ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Morphological Type ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Prey Length

Handling time for prey of different sizes and morphological types was studied in the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Prey ranged in size from about 1/10 to 2/3 the length of the bass. Handling time increased rapidly with prey of increasing size. For prey of equivalent length, crayfish were the most time-consuming morphological type to handle and swallow, followed by bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), yellow perch (Perca flavescens), brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans), bluntnose minnow (Pimephales notatus), and finally bullfrog tadpoles (Rana catesbeiana). The ratio of prey length to bass length that minimized handling time per unit weight of prey consumed, for prey types common in the diet of largemouth bass, was 0.22 for tadpoles, 0.24 for yellow perch and crayfish, and 0.29 for bluegill. Comparison of the experimentally derived optimum prey size based on handling time with that consumed by three natural populations showed that bass commonly chose prey of similar or smaller size than the optimal predicted. The reasons for this are discussed.

scholarly journals Persistence of Clostridium botulinum Neurotoxin Type E in Tissues from Selected Freshwater Fish Species: Implications to Public Health

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1164-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADAM M. YULE ◽  
JOHN W. AUSTIN ◽  
IAN K. BARKER ◽  
BRIGITTE CADIEUX ◽  
RICHARD D. MOCCIA
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽  
Round Goby ◽  
Mouse Bioassay ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Round Gobies

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), round gobies (Neogobius melanostomas), yellow walleye (Stizostedion vitreum), and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) were given Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type E (BoNT/E) at four doses (0, 800, 1,500, and 4,000 mouse lethal doses). BoNT/E was sought in the fish tissues at death or at the conclusion of the experiment (10 days after treatment). Fish were divided into a “fillet” (axial musculature) and a “nonfillet” sample before testing for BoNT/E toxicity with a mouse bioassay. BoNT/E was detected in all species. The percentage of positive BoNT samples ranged across the species and doses from 0 (trout, perch, and walleye) to 17% (round goby) in fillet tissues and from 0 (perch) to 92% (round goby) in nonfillet tissues. The lack of positive fillet samples in three key commercial fish species suggests that the public health implications of eating these fish are minimal. However, the presence of toxin in the nonfillet compartment of a high proportion of fish supports the hypothesis that live intoxicated fish are a vehicle for the transfer of BoNT/E to fish-eating birds, which are then in turn, intoxicated.

Factors Related to the Biomass and Production of Fish Communities in Small, Oligotrophic Lakes Vulnerable to Acidification

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 2523-2532 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. M. Kelso ◽  
M. G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Acid Neutralizing Capacity ◽  
Lepomis Gibbosus ◽  
Fish Biomass ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Community Biomass ◽  
Neutralizing Capacity

We estimated biomass and production of the fish community in 19 small (<50 ha) lakes from four watersheds in central Ontario. Lake pH ranged from 4.8 to 7.1. We found 19 fish species in these lakes; yellow perch (Perca flavescens), pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus), white sucker (Catostomus commersoni), and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were the most common. On average, there were 4.5 species per lake. Neither fish community biomass nor production was significantly different among the communities identified by cluster analysis, and the number offish species was not lower at lower pH. More than 75% of each lake's total biomass was confined to less than three fish species. Whole-lake fish biomass was related to the total number of species in the lakes and their average age. Fish community production was related to fish biomass, averge fish size, and acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) with an almost equal influence provided by each factor. At lower ANC and pH, fish were usually smaller in weight and often had lower population growth rates. In these lakes where the influence of lake size and trophic status was minimized, fish community biomass and production were only secondarily related to lake pH or ANC.

scholarly journals Distribution patterns of fish communities with respect to environmental gradients in Korean streams

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. S63-S71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju-Duk Yoon ◽  
Jeong-Hui Kim ◽  
Myeong-Seop Byeon ◽  
Hyung-Jae Yang ◽  
Jong-Young Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Fish Communities ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Distribution Patterns

Stream development can generate environmental changes that impact fish communities. In temperate streams, the distribution of fish species is associated with environmental gradients. To analyze the relevant factors, large-scale exploration is required. Thus, to evaluate the distribution patterns of fish in Korea, sampling was conducted on a national scale at 720 sites over a 6-week period in 2009. A total of 124 fish species in 27 families were identified; Zacco platypus and Zacco koreanus of the Cyprinidae were the dominant and subdominant species, respectively. Of the species found, 46 (37.1%) were endemic and 4 (3.2%) exotic; of the latter, Micropterus salmoides and Lepomis macrochirus were widely distributed. Upon canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), both altitude and biological oxygen demand (BOD) were highly correlated with CCA axes 1 and 2, respectively. This explained 62.5% of the species–environment relationship. Altitude and stream order were longitudinally related to species distribution. The numbers of both total and endemic species gradually increased as streams grew in size to the fourth–fifth-order, and decreased in sixth-order, streams. Overall, fish communities were stable throughout the entire watershed, whereas some species showed site-specific occurrence patterns due to the paleogeomorphological characteristics of Korean peninsula. However, various anthropogenic activities may negatively affect fish communities. Therefore, both short- and long-term sustainable management strategies are required to conserve native fish fauna.

scholarly journals Freshwater fishes of Bontebok National Park

Koedoe ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Russell
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
National Park ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
River System ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Micropterus Dolomieu

Fish assemblages were sampled at six sites in the Breede River in the Bontebok National Park during 1999 and 2000. A total of 380 fish from 12 species was recorded. Indigenous fish collected included one freshwater species (Barbus andrewi), two catodromous species (Anguilla mossambica, Myxus capensis). and three estuarine species (Gilchris- tella aestuaria, Monodactylusfalciformis, Mugil cephalus). Four of the species recorded were aliens (Tinea tinea, Lepomis macrochirus, Micropterus salmoides, Micropterus dolomieu) and two species translocated from other South African rivers (Tilapia sparrmanii, Clarias gariepinus). A further two indigenous species (Sandelia capensis, Pseudobarbus biirchelli) could potentially occur within the park, though the high abundance of alien predators means that there is little chance for recolonisation from tributaries higher in the Breede River system. There is little opportunity to meaningfully conserve most indigenous freshwater fish in Bontebok National Park.

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